# Pyriculariaceae

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The **Pyriculariaceae** are a family of [ascomycete](/source/Ascomycota) [fungi](/source/Fungi) in the order [Magnaporthales](/source/Magnaporthales). It was introduced by S. Klaubauf, M.H. Lebrun & P.W. Crous in 2014.[1]

## Taxonomy

**Type genus:** *[Pyricularia](/source/Pyricularia)* Sacc. 1880

**Type species:** *[Pyricularia grisea](/source/Pyricularia_grisea)* Sacc. 1880

The [polyphyletic](/source/Polyphyly) nature of *Pyricularia* has been resolved in 2014 leading to the definition of a new family, the *Pyriculariaceae*.[1] Phylogenetic analysis showed that three clear clades could be distinguished. One clade corresponds to [Magnaporthaceae](/source/Magnaporthaceae) (based on *[Nakataea](/source/Nakataea)*), and two other clades were defined as new families: *Pyriculariaceae* (based on *Pyricularia*), and *[Ophioceraceae](/source/Ophioceraceae)* (based on *[Ophioceras](/source/Ophioceras)*).

## Description

The *Pyriculariaceae* that reproduce sexually form perithecial fruiting bodies ([ascomata](/source/Ascomata)), which are immersed, black and with long cylindrical necks covered in [setae](/source/Seta). [Asci](/source/Ascus) are subcylindrical, unitunicate, short-stipitate and with a large apical ring staining in Meltzer's iodine reagent. [Ascospores](/source/Ascospore) are septate and fusiform.

Asexual morphs are [hyphomycetes](/source/Hyphomycetes) with simple, branched [conidiophores](/source/Conidiophores). Asexual spores ([conidia](/source/Conidium)) are hyaline to brown in colour with transverse septa. The typical pyriform shape and 2-septate conidium morphology is characteristic for *Pyricularia* and *Neopyricularia.* Other genera have obclavate to more ellipsoid 2-septate conidia. *Deightoniella* and *Macgarvieomyces* evolved 1-septate conidia.[1]

An identification key to genera of *Pyriculariaceae* is provided by Maharachchikumbura et al (2016).[2]

### Differentiation from other families

*Pyriculariaceae* is distinguished from *[Magnaporthaceae](/source/Magnaporthaceae)* by their asexual morphs. *Pyricularia* or pyricularia-like species are characterised by pyriform 2-septate conidia and [rhexolytic](/source/Rhexolytic) secession. In the case of *Magnaporthaceae*, morphology of phialophora- or harpophora-like species is characterised by falcate versicoloured conidia on brown, erect conidiophores.[1]

## Genera

- *[Bambusicularia](/source/Bambusicularia)*
- *[Barretomyces](/source/Barretomyces)*
- *[Macgarvieomyces](/source/Macgarvieomyces)*
- *[Neocordana](/source/Neocordana)*
- *[Neopyricularia](/source/Neopyricularia)*
- *[Proxipyricularia](/source/Proxipyricularia)*
- *[Pseudopyricularia](/source/Pseudopyricularia)*
- *[Pyricularia](/source/Pyricularia)*
- *[Xenopyricularia](/source/Xenopyricularia)*

## Ecology

*Pyriculariaceae* are saprobic or plant pathogenic fungi on various plant hosts, commonly on [monocots](/source/Monocotyledon).[2] Their host spectrum includes many [grasses](/source/Poaceae) (*Poaceae*), and also [ginger](/source/Ginger), [sedges](/source/Cyperaceae), [rushes](/source/Juncaceae) and [commelina](/source/Commelina).

Blast diseases by *Pyriculariaceae* are caused by use of an [appressorium](/source/Appressorium) to penetrate the host.[3]

### Economic significance

Species of *Pyriculariaceae* cause major diseases on grasses, among which *[Pyricularia oryzae](/source/Pyricularia_oryzae)* (sexual morph *Magnaporthe oryzae*) is responsible for the devastating disease of rice (rice blast). *P. oryzae* can also infect other host plants, such as *[Eleusine](/source/Eleusine)*, *[Oryza](/source/Oryza)*, *[Setaria](/source/Setaria)* or *[Triticum](/source/Triticum)*. Other *Pyricularia* species can infect *[Cenchrus](/source/Cenchrus)*, *[Echinochloa](/source/Echinochloa)*, *[Lolium](/source/Lolium)*, *[Pennisetum](/source/Pennisetum)* or *[Zingiber](/source/Zingiber)*.

## References

1. Klaubauf, S.; Tharreau, D.; Fournier, E.; Groenewald, J. Z.; Crous, P. W.; de Vries, R. P.; Lebrun, M. -H. (1 September 2014). "Resolving the polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia (Pyriculariaceae)". *Studies in Mycology*. **79**: 85–120. [doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.004). [PMC 4255532](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255532). [PMID 25492987](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25492987)

1. Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (3 June 2016). "Families of Sordariomycetes". *Fungal Diversity*. **79** (1): 1–317. [doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6). [ISSN 1560-2745](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1560-2745). [S2CID 256070646](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256070646)

1. Luo, Jing; Qiu, Huan; Cai, Guohong; Wagner, Nicole E.; Bhattacharya, Debashish; Zhang, Ning (30 March 2015). "Phylogenomic analysis uncovers the evolutionary history of nutrition and infection mode in rice blast fungus and other Magnaporthales". *Scientific Reports*. **5**: 9448. [Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E9448L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatSR...5E9448L). [doi:10.1038/srep09448](https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09448). [ISSN 2045-2322](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322). [PMC 4377577](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377577). [PMID 25819715](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25819715)

## External links

- *[Pyriculariaceae](http://www.mycobank.org/MB/810202)* in [MycoBank](/source/MycoBank) [MB#810202]
- [Biolib](https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1207902/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyriculariaceae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyriculariaceae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyriculariaceae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.