# Pyricularia

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***Pyricularia*** is a genus of [fungi](/source/Fungus) which was named by Saccardo in 1880.[1]

The [polyphyletic](/source/Polyphyly) nature of *Pyricularia* has been resolved and species of *Pyricularia [s. str.](/source/Sensu)* were shown to belong to a [monophyletic](/source/Monophyly) clade (including *[Pyricularia grisea](/source/Pyricularia_grisea)* isolates), defining the family [Pyriculariaceae](/source/Pyriculariaceae).[2]

## Etymology

The genus *Pyricularia* is named after the pyriform (pear-shaped) shape of its [conidia](/source/Conidium).[3][4]

## Pathogenicity

The genus *Pyricularia* includes species that are pathogenic on a wide range of [monocot plants](/source/Monocotyledon). For example, *[Pyricularia oryzae](/source/Pyricularia_oryzae)* (sexual morph *Magnaporthe oryzae*), the causal agent of the rice blast disease, is one of the most widely distributed diseases of rice, and is highly destructive leading to up to 30% yield loss worldwide.[5] *Pyricularia oryzae* isolates from [rice](/source/Oryza_sativa) are mostly host-specific and infect only few host plants beside [rice](/source/Oryza_sativa) ([barley](/source/Barley) and *[Lolium](/source/Lolium)*).[6][7][8][9] *Pyricularia oryzae* isolates from other host plants such as *[Eleusine](/source/Eleusine)*, *[Setaria](/source/Setaria)* and *[Triticum](/source/Wheat)* are also host-specific, and unable to infect rice.[7][8][4][9] The closely related species *P. oryzae* and *Pyricularia grisea* are indistinguishable in morphology of conidium, perithecium and ascopore. *Pyricularia grisea* isolates from *[Digitaria](/source/Digitaria)* were shown to form a distinct clade by [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetics) analysis[7][10][11][12][13] and infect [crabgrass](/source/Digitaria) (*Digitaria*), but not other hosts.[7][14][15][16] However, some *P. oryzae* isolates from rice and other grasses and some *P. grisea* isolates from crabgrass were described to show cross-infectivity on crabgrass and rice, respectively.[13]

## Sexual morphs

[Sexual morphs](/source/Teleomorph,_anamorph_and_holomorph) were reported for *P. grisea* and *P. oryzae*. The genus *Pyricularia* comprises several other species for which the sexual morph has not yet been discovered.

## Species

- *[Pyricularia angulata](/source/Pyricularia_angulata)*
- *[Pyricularia apiculata](/source/Pyricularia_apiculata)*
- *[Pyricularia borealis](/source/Pyricularia_borealis)*
- *[Pyricularia buloloensis](/source/Pyricularia_buloloensis)*
- *[Pyricularia caffra](/source/Pyricularia_caffra)*
- *[Pyricularia cannae](/source/Pyricularia_cannae)*
- *[Pyricularia cannicola](/source/Pyricularia_cannicola)*
- *[Pyricularia caricis](/source/Pyricularia_caricis)*
- *[Pyricularia commelinicola](/source/Pyricularia_commelinicola)*
- *[Pyricularia costi](/source/Pyricularia_costi)*
- *[Pyricularia costina](/source/Pyricularia_costina)*
- *[Pyricularia curcumae](/source/Pyricularia_curcumae)*
- *[Pyricularia cyperi](/source/Pyricularia_cyperi)*
- *[Pyricularia didyma](/source/Pyricularia_didyma)*
- *[Pyricularia digitariae](/source/Pyricularia_digitariae)*
- *[Pyricularia distorta](/source/Pyricularia_distorta)*
- *[Pyricularia dubiosa](/source/Pyricularia_dubiosa)*
- *[Pyricularia ebbelsii](/source/Pyricularia_ebbelsii)*
- *[Pyricularia echinochloae](/source/Pyricularia_echinochloae)*
- *[Pyricularia euphorbiae](/source/Pyricularia_euphorbiae)*
- *[Pyricularia fusispora](/source/Pyricularia_fusispora)*
- *[Pyricularia globbae](/source/Pyricularia_globbae)*
- *[Pyricularia grisea](/source/Pyricularia_grisea)*
- *[Pyricularia guarumaicola](/source/Pyricularia_guarumaicola)*
- *[Pyricularia juncicola](/source/Pyricularia_juncicola)*
- *[Pyricularia kookicola](/source/Pyricularia_kookicola)*
- *[Pyricularia lauri](/source/Pyricularia_lauri)*
- *[Pyricularia leersiae](/source/Pyricularia_leersiae)*
- *[Pyricularia longispora](/source/Pyricularia_longispora)*
- *[Pyricularia lourinae](/source/Pyricularia_lourinae)*
- *[Pyricularia luzulae](/source/Pyricularia_luzulae)*
- *[Pyricularia occidentalis](/source/Pyricularia_occidentalis)*
- *[Pyricularia oncosperma](/source/Pyricularia_oncosperma)*
- *[Pyricularia oryzae](/source/Pyricularia_oryzae)*
- *[Pyricularia panici-paludosi](/source/Pyricularia_panici-paludosi)*
- *[Pyricularia parasitica](/source/Pyricularia_parasitica)*
- *[Pyricularia penniseti](/source/Pyricularia_penniseti)*
- *[Pyricularia peruamazonica](/source/Pyricularia_peruamazonica)*
- *[Pyricularia pyricularioides](/source/Pyricularia_pyricularioides)*
- *[Pyricularia rabaulensis](/source/Pyricularia_rabaulensis)*
- *[Pyricularia sansevieriae](/source/Pyricularia_sansevieriae)*
- *[Pyricularia scripta](/source/Pyricularia_scripta)*
- *[Pyricularia setariae](/source/Pyricularia_setariae)*
- *[Pyricularia sphaerulata](/source/Pyricularia_sphaerulata)*
- *[Pyricularia submersa](/source/Pyricularia_submersa)*
- *[Pyricularia subsigmoidea](/source/Pyricularia_subsigmoidea)*
- *[Pyricularia vandalurensis](/source/Pyricularia_vandalurensis)*
- *[Pyricularia variabilis](/source/Pyricularia_variabilis)*
- *[Pyricularia whetzelii](/source/Pyricularia_whetzelii)*
- *[Pyricularia zingiberis](/source/Pyricularia_zingiberis)*
- *[Pyricularia zizaniicola](/source/Pyricularia_zizaniicola)*

## Taxonomy

*Conidia* are solitary, pyriform to obclavate, narrowed toward tip, rounded at the base, 2-septate, hyaline to pale brown, with a distinct basal hilum, sometimes with marginal frill.[1]

**Type species:** *Pyricularia grisea* Sacc., Michelia 2(no. 6): 20. 1880.

### Family

Species of *Pyricularia s. str.* belong to a [monophyletic](/source/Monophyly) clade that includes *P. oryzae/P. grisea* isolates, and was defined as [Pyriculariaceae](/source/Pyriculariaceae).[2] Pyriculariaceae is sister to the Ophioceraceae, representing two novel families.[2] These clades are clearly distinct from species belonging to the *[Gaeumannomyces](/source/Gaeumannomyces) pro parte/[Magnaporthiopsis](/source/Magnaporthiopsis)/[Nakataea](/source/Nakataea)* generic complex that are monophyletic and define the family [Magnaporthaceae](/source/Magnaporthaceae).

## References

1. Saccardo, P.A. Michelia 2(no. 6): 20. 1880

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyricularia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyricularia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyricularia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.