# Pyrenomonadaceae

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Family of cryptomonads

Pyrenomonadaceae Rhodomonas salina Pyrenomonas ovalis Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Phylum: Cryptista Superclass: Cryptomonada Class: Cryptophyceae Order: Pyrenomonadales Family: Pyrenomonadaceae Novarino & Lucas 1993 Type genus "Pyrenomonas" (nomen nudum)[1] Santore, 1984 Genera "Pyrenomonas" (nomen nudum)[2] Rhinomonas Rhodomonas Storeatula

**Pyrenomonadaceae** is a family of [cryptomonads](/source/Cryptomonads) which includes three or four known genera. They are distinguished from other cryptomonads by their [nucleomorphs](/source/Nucleomorphs) being imbedded into the [pyrenoid](/source/Pyrenoid), and the presence of distinctive pigment [phycoerythrin](/source/Phycoerythrin) 545.[3]

## Taxonomy

*[Rhodomonas](/source/Rhodomonas)* was the first genus within today's Pyrenomonadaceae identified, being described in 1898.[4] For most of the 20th century, all other genera now recognized as Pyrenomonadaceae were placed into various other taxa (ex. *Rhinomonas fulva* as *Cryptochrysis fulva*)[5] [Adolf Pascher](/source/Adolf_Pascher) placed [Rhodomonas](/source/Rhodomonas) within his subfamily [Cryptochrysideae](/source/Cryptochrysis) in 1913.[6] [Butcher's](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R.W._Butcher&action=edit&redlink=1) highly influential 1967 phylogeny of all then-known Cryptophytes did not recognize *Rhodomonas*, reclassifying all previously described Rhodomonas species as *[Chroomonas](/source/Chroomonas)*.[7]

Between 1982 and 1986, a series of [ultrastructure](/source/Ultrastructure) studies by Uwe J. Santore found considerable morphological inconsistencies within Butcher's *Chroomonas*, leading him to identify the new genus *[Pyrenomonas](/source/Pyrenomonas)* in 1984.[8][9] Two years later, he revived genus *Rhodomonas* and proposed the existence of a clade largely consisting of "reddish-brown cryptomonads".[10][11] Expanding upon Santore's research, in 1988 D.R.A. Hill and R. Wetherbee analyzed various cryptomonads that had been treated as *[Cryptochrysis](/source/Cryptochrysis)* by early 20th century researchers. From this they identified several new species of *Rhodomonas*, and introduced the new genus *[Rhinomonas](/source/Rhinomonas)*.[5] Hill would identify another "reddish-brown cryptomonad" genus in 1991, *[Storeatula](/source/Storeatula)*.[12] In 1989, Hill and Wetherbee argued that *Rhodomonas* was synonymous with *Pyrenomonas*, triggering an academic debate regarding whether or not each genus should be treated separately.[13] This debate remains unresolved as of 2019.[14]

The earliest reference to Pyrenomonadaceae in an approximately modern sense was made by Gianfranco Novarino and Ian Lucas in their 1993 classification scheme for the [Cryptophyceae](/source/Cryptophyceae).[3] In this classification scheme, the family included *Rhinomonas* and *Pyrenomonas*. An updated scheme in 1999 added *Storeatula* as well.[15]

Overall monophyly of the Pyrenomonadaceae has been universally supported by electron-microscope and molecular-based studies in the 1990s and 2000s.[14] A 2002 phylogenic study of 18s rDNA suggested that, while the family itself was monophyletic, *Rhodomonas* was not, with *[R. abbreviata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhodomonas_abbreviata&action=edit&redlink=1)* forming a clade with *Storeatula* while all other *Rhodomonas* species examined formed a clade with *Rhinomonas*.[16] A more comprehensive phylogenetic study in 2014 largely agreed with and expanded upon earlier findings, presenting a preliminary classification scheme with three unnamed clades.[17]

### Clay et al, 1999

Pyrenomonadaceae Rhinomonas Pyrenomonas Storeatula

### Deane et al, 2002

"Clade E" Cryptomonads Rhodomonas sp. Rhodomonas maculata Rhodomonas marina Rhinomonas Pyrenomonas Storeatula Rhodomonas abbreviata

### Majaneva et al, 2014

Pyrenomonadaceae Rhodomonas duplex Rhodomonas marina Storeatula sp. Rhodomonas abbreviata Rhodomonas lens Rhodomonas sp. Rhodomonas baltica Rhodomonas sp. Rhinomonas pauca Storeatula major Rhinomonas reticulata Rhinomonas nottbecki

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Pyrenomonas (Santore, 1984)](https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1257635). Retrieved through: [Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera](/source/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera) on 15 May 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [Pyrenomonas (Santore, 1984)](https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1257635). Retrieved through: [Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera](/source/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera) on 15 May 2026.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-N&L_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-N&L_3-1) Novarino and Lucas (1993), "Some proposals for a new classification system of the Cryptophyceae", *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*, **111** (1): 3–21, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/bojl.1993.1002](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fbojl.1993.1002)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Karsten, G (1898). "Rhodomonas baltica, n.g. et sp". *Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen*. **3**. Abteilung Kiel: 15–16.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-hillbee_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-hillbee_5-1) Hill and Wetherbee (1988), "The structure and taxonomy of Rhinomonas pauca gen. et sp. nov. (Cryptophyceae)", *Phycologia*, **27** (3): 355–365, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2216/i0031-8884-27-3-355.1](https://doi.org/10.2216%2Fi0031-8884-27-3-355.1)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Pascher, Adolf (1913), *Die Süsswasser-Flora: Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz*, vol. 2, pp. 100–103

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Butcher (1967), *An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters.*

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Santore UJ (1982). "Comparative ultrastructure of two members of the Cryptophyceae assigned to the genus Chroomonas — with comments on their taxonomy". *Arch. Protistenkd*. **125** (1–4): 5–29. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0003-9365(82)80002-X](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0003-9365%2882%2980002-X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Santore UJ (1984). ["Some aspects of taxonomy in the Cryptophyceae"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1984.tb04153.x). *New Phytol*. **98** (4): 627–46. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb04153.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1984.tb04153.x).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Santore UJ (1985). "A cytological survey of the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) with comments on its taxonomy". *Arch. Protistenkd*. **130** (1–2): 1–52. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0003-9365(85)80031-2](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0003-9365%2885%2980031-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Santore UJ (1986). "The Ultrastructure of Pyrenomonas heteromorpha comb. nov. (Cryptophyceae)". *Botanica Marina*. **20** (1): 75–82. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1515/botm.1986.29.1.75](https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fbotm.1986.29.1.75). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [84262672](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84262672).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Hill, D. R. A. (1991-03-01). "A revised circumscription of Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) based on examination of Australian strains". *Phycologia*. **30** (2): 170–188. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2216/i0031-8884-30-2-170.1](https://doi.org/10.2216%2Fi0031-8884-30-2-170.1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Hill D, Wetherbee R (1989). "A reappraisal of the genus Rhodomonas (Cryptophyceae)". *Phycologia*. **28** (2): 143–158. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2216/i0031-8884-28-2-143.1](https://doi.org/10.2216%2Fi0031-8884-28-2-143.1).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-nova2012_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-nova2012_14-1) Novarino, G. (2012). ["Cryptomonad taxonomy in the 21st century: The first 200 years"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265520014). *Phycological Reports: Current Advances in Algal Taxonomy and Its Applications: Phylogenetic, Ecological and Applied Perspective*: 19–52. Retrieved 2018-10-16.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Clay, Brec; Kugrens, Paul; Lee, Robert (October 1999). ["A revised classification of Cryptophyta"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.1999.tb01845.x). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **131** (2): 131–151. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb01845.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.1999.tb01845.x) – via Oxford Academic.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Deane, et al. (2002), "Cryptomonad Evolution: Nuclear 18S rDNA phylogeny versus cell morphology and pigmentation", *Journal of Phycology*, **38** (6): 1236–1244, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01250.x](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.2002.01250.x), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [51944218](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51944218)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Majaneva, et al. (2014), "Rhinomonas nottbecki n. sp. (Cryptomonadales) and Molecular Phylogeny of the Family Pyrenomonadaceae", *Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology*, **61** (5): 480–492, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/jeu.12128](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjeu.12128), [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [24913840](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24913840), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [24145879](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24145879)

v t e Eukaryota: Hacrobia(?): Cryptista Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants Amorphea Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Animalia Fungi Mesomycetozoea) Corbihelia(?) Endohelea Microhelida Microheliellidae Microheliella Heliomonadida Heliomorphidae Heliomorpha Corbistoma Picomonadea Picomonadida Picomonadidae Picomonas Telonemea Telonemida Telonemidae Telonema Lateronema Cryptista (sensu stricto) Palpitia Palpitea Palpitomonadida Palpitomonadidae Palpitomonas Rollomonadia Katablepharidea Katablepharidaceae (Hatena, Kathablepharis, Leucocryptos, Platychilomonas, Roombia) Cryptomonada Goniomonadea Goniomonadida Goniomonadidae (Goniomonas) Hemiarmida Hemiarmidae Hemiarma Cryptophyceae CRY1 CRY1 Cryptomonadales (sensu Shalchian-Tabrizi et al 2008) Tetragonidiales Tetragonidiaceae Bjornbergiella, Tetragonidium Cryptomonadales (sensu Novarino 1993) Butschliellaceae Butschliella, Skvortzoviella Cryptochrysidaceae Cryptochrysis Cyathomonadaceae Cyathomonas Hilleaceae Calkinsiella, Hillea Pleuromastigaceae Pleuromastix, Xanthodiscus Cryptomonadaceae Chilomonas, Cryptella, Cryptochloris, Cryptomonas, Cyanomastix, Isoselmis, Kisselevia, Meyeriella, Olivamonas, Protocryptomonas Pyrenomonadales Baffinellaceae Baffinella Chroomonadaceae Chroomonas, Falcomonas, Hemiselmis, Komma, Nodeana, Planonephros, Protochrysis, Smithimastix Geminigeraceae Guillardia, Hanusia, Geminigera, Teleaulax, Plagioselmis Pyrenomonadaceae Proteomonas,Pyrenomonas, Rhinomonas, Rhodomonas, Storeatula

Taxon identifiers Pyrenomonadaceae Wikidata: Q16191770 Wikispecies: Pyrenomonadaceae EoL: 3367 EPPO: 1PYRMF GBIF: 2902 iNaturalist: 714039 IRMNG: 105026 NBN: NHMSYS0020959205 Open Tree of Life: 1017387 WoRMS: 20999

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyrenomonadaceae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenomonadaceae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenomonadaceae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.