# Pyrenodesmia

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{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Pyrenodesmia_variabilis_1307108.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Pyrenodesmia variabilis](/source/Pyrenodesmia_variabilis)''
| taxon = Pyrenodesmia
| authority = [A.Massal.](/source/A.Massal.) (1852)
| type_species = ''[Pyrenodesmia chalybaea](/source/Pyrenodesmia_chalybaea)''
| type_species_authority = ([Fr.](/source/Elias_Magnus_Fries)) [A.Massal.](/source/A.Massal.) (1853)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Pyrenodesmia''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [lichen](/source/lichen)-forming [fungi](/source/fungi) in the family [Teloschistaceae](/source/Teloschistaceae).<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> The genus currently includes 23 recognized species but is believed to contain many more unnamed taxa. The genus was [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) in 1852 by Italian lichenologist [Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo](/source/Abramo_Bartolommeo_Massalongo).<ref name="Massalongo 1852"/> It is characterised by the complete absence of [anthraquinone](/source/anthraquinone)s and the presence of Sedifolia-gray [pigments](/source/biological_pigment) in both the [thallus](/source/thallus) and [apothecia](/source/apothecia). These lichens are typically found in [calcareous](/source/calcareous) outcrops in the Northern Hemisphere, with [biodiversity](/source/biodiversity) centres in the [Mediterranean basin](/source/Mediterranean_basin), Central Asia, and arid regions of western North America.

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Pyrenodesmia'' was [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) by [Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo](/source/Abramo_Bartolommeo_Massalongo) (1852). In his original conception, Massalongo included four species (''P.&nbsp;agardhiana'', ''P.&nbsp;chalybaea'', ''P.&nbsp;olivacea'', and ''P.&nbsp;variabilis'') and three infraspecific taxa (''P.&nbsp;variabilis'' β. ''lilacina'', ''P.&nbsp;variabilis'' δ. ''pulchella'', and ''P.&nbsp;variabilis'' γ. ''fusca'').<ref name="Massalongo 1852"/> These [taxa](/source/taxon) all grow on calcareous outcrops, lack anthraquinones, and have Sedifolia‐gray both in their thallus and apothecia.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/> Ulf Arup and colleagues (2013) resurrected the genus, recognizing both ''Pyrenodesmia'' ''[sensu stricto](/source/sensu_stricto)'' and the informal group ''Pyrenodesmia'' ''sensu lato''. ''Pyrenodesmia'' sensu stricto includes species that lack anthraquinones and possess Sedifolia-gray, while ''Pyrenodesmia'' sensu lato also includes species with anthraquinones in the apothecia. The [taxonomy](/source/taxonomy_(biology)) of the genus remains complex, with several taxa awaiting more robust data for proper classification.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/>

==Description==
''Pyrenodesmia'' species have a [crustose](/source/crustose_lichen), {{lichengloss|epithallic|epi-}} or {{lichengloss|endolithic}} thallus that is white, gray, or brown in colour. The {{lichengloss|cortex}} is usually represented by an alveolate cortex and is {{lichengloss|paraplectenchymatous}}. The apothecia are {{lichengloss|zeorine}} or rarely {{lichengloss|biatorine}} in form, with brown, gray, or black {{lichengloss|discs}} and {{lichengloss|true exciples}}. {{lichengloss|Ascospores}} are {{lichengloss|polar-diblastic}} with a short to large long [septum](/source/septum). {{lichengloss|Pycnidia}} are present or absent, gray or black, and {{lichengloss|conidia}} are {{lichengloss|bacilliform}} to somewhat spherical. In ''Pyrenodesmia'', the thalli, apothecia, and pycnidia always lack anthraquinones but have Sedifolia-gray pigments.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/>

==Habitat and distribution==
''Pyrenodesmia'' species are mainly distributed in the [Mediterranean region](/source/Mediterranean_region), Central Asia, and desert regions of western North America, with a few taxa found in other parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. They exclusively [grow on rocks](/source/saxicolous_lichen), inhabiting [calcareous](/source/calcareous) outcrops in Europe and base-rich [siliceous](/source/siliceous) outcrops in Central Asia and the United States. These lichens can be found in sunlit conditions from coast to [alpine zone](/source/alpine_zone)s, with some species such as ''P.&nbsp;helygeoides'' growing on acidic siliceous boulders in water.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/>

==Species==

*''[Pyrenodesmia aetnensis](/source/Pyrenodesmia_aetnensis)'' {{small|(B.de Lesd.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia albopruinosa](/source/Pyrenodesmia_albopruinosa)'' {{small|(Arnold) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia albopustulata](/source/Pyrenodesmia_albopustulata)'' {{small|(Khodos. & S.Y.Kondr.) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia alociza](/source/Pyrenodesmia_alociza)'' {{small|(A.Massal.) Arnold (1884)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia aractina](/source/Pyrenodesmia_aractina)'' {{small|(Fr.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia badioreagens](/source/Pyrenodesmia_badioreagens)'' {{small|(Tretiach & Muggia) Søchting, Arup & Frödén (2013)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia bicolor](/source/Pyrenodesmia_bicolor)'' {{small|(H.Magn.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia bullata](/source/Pyrenodesmia_bullata)'' {{small|(Müll.Arg.) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia ceracea](/source/Pyrenodesmia_ceracea)'' {{small|(J.R.Laundon) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia chalybaea](/source/Pyrenodesmia_chalybaea)'' {{small|(Fr.) A.Massal. (1852)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia concreticola](/source/Pyrenodesmia_concreticola)'' {{small|(Vondrák & Khodos.) Søchting, Arup & Frödén (2013)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia duplicata](/source/Pyrenodesmia_duplicata)'' {{small|(Vain.) S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2017)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia erodens](/source/Pyrenodesmia_erodens)'' {{small|(Tretiach, Pinna & Grube) Søchting, Arup & Frödén (2013)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia haematites](/source/Pyrenodesmia_haematites)'' {{small|(Chaub. ex St.-Amans) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia helygeoides](/source/Pyrenodesmia_helygeoides)'' {{small|(Vain.) Arnold (1897)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia micromarina](/source/Pyrenodesmia_micromarina)'' {{small|(Frolov, Khodos. & Vondrák) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia micromontana](/source/Pyrenodesmia_micromontana)'' {{small|(Frolov, Wilk & Vondrák) Hafellner & Türk (2016)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia microstepposa](/source/Pyrenodesmia_microstepposa)'' {{small|(Frolov, Nadyeina, Khodos. & Vondrák) Hafellner & Türk (2016)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia molariformis](/source/Pyrenodesmia_molariformis)'' {{small|(Frolov, Vondrák, Nadyeina & Khodos.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia peliophylla](/source/Pyrenodesmia_peliophylla)'' {{small|(Tuck.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia pratensis](/source/Pyrenodesmia_pratensis)'' {{small|(Wetmore) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia tianshanensis](/source/Pyrenodesmia_tianshanensis)'' {{small|(Xahidin, A.Abbas & J.C.Wei) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia variabilis](/source/Pyrenodesmia_variabilis)'' {{small|(Pers.) A.Massal. (1852)}}
*''[Pyrenodesmia vernadskiensis](/source/Pyrenodesmia_vernadskiensis)'' {{small|S.Y.Kondr., T.O.Kondratiuk & I.Yu.Parnikoza (2020)}}<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2020"/> – Western coast of Antarctic Peninsula
*''[Pyrenodesmia viridirufa](/source/Pyrenodesmia_viridirufa)'' {{small|(Ach.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Frolov |first1=Ivan |last2=Vondrák |first2=Jan |last3=Košnar |first3=Jiří |last4=Arup |first4=Ulf |title=Phylogenetic relationships within ''Pyrenodesmia'' sensu lato and the role of pigments in its taxonomic interpretation |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |year=2020 |volume=59 |issue=3 |doi=10.1111/jse.12717 |pages=454–474 |bibcode=2021JSyEv..59..454F |s2cid=234535735}}</ref>

<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Kondratyuk |first1=S.Y. |last2=Lőkös |first2=L. |last3=Oh |first3=S.-O. |last4=Kondratiuk |first4=T.O. |last5=Parnikoza |first5=I.Yu. |last6=Hur |first6=J.-S. |title=New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, 11 |journal=Acta Botanica Hungarica |volume=62 |issue=3–4 |year=2020 |doi=10.1556/034.62.2020.3-4.3 |pages=225–291 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Massalongo 1852">{{cite journal |last1=Massalongo |first1=A.B. |year=1852 |title=Monografia dei licheni blasteniospori |journal=Atti dell'Istituto Veneto Scienze |series=ser 2 |issue=3(App. 3) |pages=5–131 [119] |language=it}}</ref>

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}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q27440395}}

Category:Teloschistales
Category:Lichen genera
Category:Teloschistales genera
Category:Taxa described in 1853
Category:Taxa named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyrenodesmia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenodesmia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenodesmia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.