# Pyrenean Bronze

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Archeological culture in Western Europe

Pyrenean Bronze Alternative names North-East Bronze or Northeastern Bronze Geographical range provinces of Lleida, Barcelona and Girona, departments of Pyrénees-Orientales and Aude Period Early Bronze Age Dates c. 2300–1650 BC Preceded by Bell Beaker culture, Veraza culture Followed by Urnfield culture

The **Pyrenean Bronze** (also known as Northeastern Bronze) is a regional European Bronze Age culture, known from archaeological [facies](/source/Facies), that spread through the Spanish provinces of Girona, Barcelona, Lleida and the eastern half of Huesca; also it spread through the French departments of the Pyrenees-Orientales and Aude.[1]

From the [Bell Beaker culture](/source/Bell_Beaker_culture) (2750-2300 BC), two regional styles appeared in [Catalonia](/source/Catalonia), one being the [Pyrenean](/source/Pyrenees) and the other the [Salomó](/source/Salom%C3%B3) (from which the North-East Group was derived). These two styles coexisted at the same time in the provinces of [Barcelona](/source/Province_of_Barcelona) and the south of [Lleida](/source/Province_of_Lleida). From 1650 A.C. the Pyrenean ceramic style gave way to [carinated](/source/Carinate) cups, to pots with smooth or indented cords, as well as to vessels with button appendages on the handle.[2]

Few settlements are known: Lo Lladre (Llo, Pyrenees-Orientales), Collet de Brics (Ardèvol, Lleida), Institut A. Pous (Manlleu, Barcelona), Roques del Sarró (Lleida), Cedre (Santa Coloma, Andorra).

Advanced bronze metallurgy was developed: flat axes,[3][4] needles, rivet daggers, arrowheads, as well as a diadem and two spiral bracelets found in the [Montanissell cave](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montanissell_cave&action=edit&redlink=1). Possibly many of the techniques used had a North Italian origin in the [Polada culture](/source/Polada_culture) (2200–1600 BC).[5][6]

Dolmen of Molers, in Saldes

Dolmen of Maioles, in Rubió

[Carinated](/source/Carinate) bowl with [epicampaniforme](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epicampaniforme&action=edit&redlink=1) decoration, from La Riba site (Sant Just Desvern, Barcelona)

Several funeral formats were used:

- pits such as Mas d’en Boixos (Pacs, Barcelona),[7] Bosc del Quer (Sant Julià de Vilatorta, Barcelona),[8] Can Bonastre (Martorell, Barcelona).

- reuse of silos, such as Camp Cinzano (1950-1650 BC).

- reuse of Chalcolithic [hypogea](/source/Hypogeum): Carrer Paris (Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona).

- hypogean pits (wells with a side chamber), for collective use: Mas d’en Boixos (Pacs, Barcelona),[9] Bosc del Quer (Sant Julià de Vilatorta, Barcelona), Can Bonastre (Martorell, Barcelona).

- [cists](/source/Cist) like Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona),[10] or Vall de Miarnau (Llardecans, Lleida).[11]

- caves with collective burials: [Bòfia de Sant Jaume](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B2fia_de_Sant_Jaume&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ca](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2fia_de_Sant_Jaume)] (Montmajor, Barcelona), Cova M del Cingle Blanc (Arbolí, Tarragona), Cova de la Pesseta (Torrelles de Foix, Barcelona), Galls Carboners (Mont-ral, Tarragona),[12] [Cova del Gegant](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cova_del_Gegant&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ca](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cova_del_Gegant)] (Sitges, Barcelona),[13] Montanissell cave (Call de Nargó, Lleida).[14]

- paradolmens or cave-[dolmens](/source/Dolmens) such [Tossal Gros (Torroella de Montgrí)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tossal_Gros_(Torroella_de_Montgr%C3%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ca](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tossal_Gros_(Torroella_de_Montgr%C3%AD))] in Girona, Masia (Torrelles de Foix, Barcelona), Tafania (Ventalló, Girona), [Balma dels Ossos](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balma_dels_Ossos&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ca](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balma_dels_Ossos)] (Sallent, Barcelona), Cova Verda (Sitges, Barcelona), etc.

- dolmens (Pyrenean chambers or simple chambers) with stone mounds: Creu de la Llosa, Serrat d'en Jacques, Santes Masses (Solsona, Lleida), [Dolmen de Molers](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolmen_de_Molers&action=edit&redlink=1) [[ca](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmen_de_Molers)] (Saldes, Barcelona), Castelltallat (Sant Mateu de Bages, Barcelona), Serra de Clarena (Castellfollit del Boix, Barcelona), Maioles (Rubió, Barcelona), etc.[15][16][17]

With regard to the megalithic traditions of the Pyrenean Bronze Age, the menhir and cromlech of Mas Baleta (La Jonquera, Girona) also must be included.[18]

## Genetic profile

Some individuals who lived in the Pyrenean Bronze area were genetically tested. From the collective funerary cave known as [Grotte Basse de la Vigne Perdue](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grotte_Basse_de_la_Vigne_Perdue&action=edit&redlink=1), near [Narbonne](/source/Narbonne), an individual was assigned to Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b-Z195 (being its ancestor [Haplogroup R-DF27](/source/Haplogroup_R-DF27)).[19] Also from another collective funerary cave, the [Cova del Gegant](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cova_del_Gegant&action=edit&redlink=1) (Sitges, Barcelona), a male from the middle of the second millennium was assigned to Y-chromosome [R1b-P310](/source/Haplogroup_R-L151). Another individual from the [Can Roqueta II necropolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Can_Roqueta_II_necropolis&action=edit&redlink=1) in [Sabadell](/source/Sabadell) (Barcelona), was from the subclade R1b-P312.[20] A male buried in the collective inhumation hypogeum found in Miquel Vives street (Terrassa, Barcelona), also was assigned to R1b-P310.[21]

## See also

- [Polada culture](/source/Polada_culture)

- [Rhône culture](/source/Rh%C3%B4ne_culture)

- [Levantine bronze](/source/Levantine_bronze)

## References

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** BARCELÓ, JOAN A. (2008). "THE CHRONO-CULTURAL SEQUENCE OF CATALAN PREHISTORY. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RADIOMETRIC DATING FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE HOLOCENE TO THE IRON AGE". *Cypsela*. **17**: 65–88.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyrenean Bronze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenean_Bronze) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenean_Bronze?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.