# Pyotr Zinchenko

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{{Short description|Soviet psychologist (1903–1969)}}

'''Petr Ivanovich Zinchenko''' (Russian: Пётр Иванович Зинченко) (12 July 1903 – 17 February 1969) was a [Soviet](/source/Soviet_Union) [developmental psychologist](/source/Developmental_psychology), a student of [Lev Vygotsky](/source/Lev_Vygotsky) and [Alexei Leontiev](/source/Alexei_Nikolaevich_Leont'ev) and himself one of the major representatives of the [Kharkov School of Psychology](/source/Kharkov_School_of_Psychology). In 1963, Zinchenko founded and headed the department of psychology at [Kharkiv University](/source/Kharkiv_University) until his death in 1969.

He had one child, Vladimir Petrovich Zinchenko, who later became a psychologist.

==Research==
The main theme of Zinchenko's research was [involuntary memory](/source/Involuntary_Memory), studied from the perspective of the [activity-approach](/source/Activity_theory) in psychology. In a series of studies, Zinchenko demonstrated that recall of the material to be remembered strongly depends on the kind of activity directed on the material, the [motivation](/source/motivation) to perform the activity, the level of interest in the material and the degree of involvement in the activity. Thus, he showed that following the task of sorting material in [experimental settings](/source/experiment), human subjects demonstrate a better involuntary recall rate than in the task of voluntary material memorization.

Zinchenko's pioneering work on involuntary memory became a foundation for the development of Leontiev's [activity theory](/source/activity_theory) and psychological research on memory in Soviet developmental psychology.

==Major works==
* Zinchenko, P. I. (1939). O zabyvanii i vosproizvedenii shkol'nyx znanij  [On forgetting and remembering academic knowledge].  [Kandidat](/source/Kandidat) (doctoral) thesis. (''О забывании и воспроизведении школьных знаний''. In «Научные записки Харьковского педагогического института иностранных языков», 1939; т. I, pp. 189–213; Also in Ильясов, И.И., & Ляудис, В.Л. Хрестоматия по возрастной и педагогической психологии. Работы советских авторов 1918-1945 г. М. 1980)
* Zinchenko, P. I. (1939). Problema neproizvol'nogo zapominaniya (''Проблема непроизвольного запоминания''. In «Научные записки Харьковского педагогического института иностранных языков», 1939; т. I, pp. 145–187) -- Published in English as --
** Zinchenko, P. I. (1983–84). The problem of involuntary memory. Soviet Psychology XXII, 55–111.
* Zinchenko, P. I. (1961). Neproizvol'noe zapominanie [Involuntary remembering] (''in Russian''). Moscow: APN RSFSR. -- Chapter 4 (pp. 172–207) is published in English as --
** Zinchenko, P. I. (1981). Involuntary memory and the goal-directed nature of activity. In J.V. Wertsch (ed.) The Concept of Activity in Soviet Psychology (pp. 300–340). Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, Inc.
* Smirnov, A. A. & Zinchenko, P. I. (1969). Problems in the psychology of memory. In M. Cole & I. Maltzman (eds.), A handbook of contemporary Soviet psychology. New York: Plenum Press.

==External sources==
* Bocharova, S. P. (1978). Problemy psikhologii pamyati v trudakh P. I. Zinchenko [Problems of the psychology of memory in the works of P. I. Zinchenko]. Voprosy psikhologii, 1978, #5. -- In English in Soviet Psychology, 1979, Summer, 17(4), 104–113.
* Sereda, G. K. (1984). O znachenii nauchnogo vklada P. I. Zinchenko v razvitie psikhologii pamyati [The significance of P. I. Zinchenko's contribution to the development of the psychology of memory (On his 80th birthday)]. Voprosy psikhologii, 1984, #6. -- In English in Soviet Psychology, 1994, #2.
* Laktionov & Sereda (1993). Deyatel'nostnaya paradigma i voprosy pamyati v trudakh P. I. Zinchenko [Activity paradigm and memory research in the work of P. I. Zinchenko] [http://www.voppsy.ru/issues/1993/934/934102.htm]. Voprosy psikhologii, 1993, #4.
* Mescheryakov, B. G. (2003). P. I. Zinchenko i psikhologiya pamyati. [P.I. Zinchenko and the psychology of memory] [https://archive.today/20070121183138/http://www.humanities.edu.ru/db/msg/50518]. Voprosy psikhologii, 2003, #4.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zinchenko, Pyotr}}
Category:1903 births
Category:1969 deaths
Category:People from Nikolayevsk
Category:Ukrainian psychologists
Category:National University of Kharkiv alumni
Category:Soviet psychologists
Category:Academic staff of the National University of Kharkiv

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyotr Zinchenko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Zinchenko) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Zinchenko?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.