# Pyotr Dravert

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{{Short description|Russian geologist, meteoriticist, and poet (1879–1945)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Pyotr Dravert
| native_name       = Пётр Людо́викович Дра́верт
| native_name_lang  = ru
| image             = Dravert.jpg
| image_size        = 170px
| caption           = 1914
| birth_date        = 16 January, 1879
| birth_place       = [Vyatka](/source/Kirov%2C_Kirov_Oblast), [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire)
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1945|12|12|1879|1|19|df=yes}}
| death_place       = [Omsk](/source/Omsk), [Russian SFSR](/source/Russian_SFSR), [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union)
| fields            = [Geology](/source/Geology), [Mineralogy](/source/Mineralogy), [Meteoritics](/source/Meteoritics)
| workplaces        = Omsk Agricultural Academy, Omsk Regional Museum of Local Lore
| alma_mater        = [Imperial University of Kazan](/source/Kazan_Federal_University)
| known_for         = Studies of Siberian [meteorites](/source/meteorites), coining the scientific terms "electrophonic bolides", "lithophagy"
| signature         = 1945-Dravetr-Tchirvinsky 1945-06-18.jpg
| footnotes         = [https://www.flickr.com/photos/hi_geo/albums/72157709033749183/ Photos]
}}

'''Pyotr Lyudovikovich Dravert''' ({{lang-rus|Пётр Людо́викович Дра́верт}}; 16 January 1879 – 12 December 1945) was a Russian and Soviet [geologist](/source/geologist), [mineralogist](/source/mineralogist), [meteoriticist](/source/meteoriticist), professor, poet, and writer. He was a pioneer in the study of [meteorites](/source/meteorites) in Siberia.

== Biography ==
Dravert was born into a noble family of Polish and French origin (the name is thought to derive from the French: "drapeau vert" - Green Banner of the [Crusaders](/source/Crusaders)).<ref name="chirvinsky">Tchirvinsky P. N. Pyotr Lyudovikovich Dravert. 1946. Molotov. 7 pages.</ref> He studied at the [gymnasium](/source/gymnasium_(school))s in [Yekaterinburg](/source/Yekaterinburg) and then [Kazan](/source/Kazan).<ref name="leifer">{{cite journal |last=Leifer |first=A. |title=Sibiri ne izmenyu… |script-title=ru:«Сибири на изменю…» |trans-title=I will not betray Siberia… |journal=Sibirskiye Ogni |year=1979 |issue=1 |page=174 |language=ru}}</ref> In 1899, he entered the [Imperial University of Kazan](/source/Kazan_Federal_University).

=== Exiles in Siberia ===
His involvement in the revolutionary student movement led to two periods of exile in Siberia:
* 1901: Arrested and exiled to the [Perm Governorate](/source/Perm_Governorate).
* 1906: Sentenced to ten years of exile in [Vilyuysk](/source/Vilyuysk), [Yakutia](/source/Yakutia). In 1911, thanks to the intervention of the [Academy of Sciences](/source/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences), he was transferred to [Tomsk](/source/Tomsk).<ref name="autobio">{{cite journal |last=Leifer |first=A. |title=Sibiri ne izmenyu…: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya P. L. Draveta |script-title=ru:«Сибири на изменю…»: К 100-летию со дня рождения П. Л. Драверта |trans-title=I will not betray Siberia…: On the 100th anniversary of the birth of P. L. Dravert |journal=Sibirskiye Ogni |year=1979 |issue=1 |pages=173–192 |language=ru}} (Includes Dravert's autobiography).</ref>

During his exiles, he conducted mineralogical and geographical research in Yakutia, studying salt deposits and mineral springs.{{cn|date=March 2026}}

=== Scientific career ===
In 1914, Dravert completed his studies at the University of Kazan, by then already an established scientist. In 1916, he participated in an expedition of the [Geological Committee](/source/A._P._Karpinsky_Russian_Geological_Research_Institute) to the [Vilyuy River](/source/Vilyuy_River) basin.

From 1918, he lived and worked in [Omsk](/source/Omsk). He became a professor at the Siberian Agricultural Academy and chaired its scientific bureau.

In the aftermath of the Russian Civil War, during a severe famine in 1921, Professor Dravert published a practical brochure titled "On the Use of the Rush Root as a Bread Flour Substitute" . He provided clear instructions on how to find, prepare, and safely consume the local rush plant as an emergency food source, even testing it himself to ensure it was harmless.<ref>[https://ar.culture.ru/en/subject/broshyura-p-dravert-ob-ispolzovanii-kornevishcha-susaka-v-kachestve-surrogata-hleba-18-s Brochure by Pyotr Dravert], 1921.</ref>

He was arrested in 1921 and again in 1931 during the case of the "Society for the Study of Siberia," but was released due to lack of evidence.<ref name="povartsov">Povartsov S. N. chapter: Пётр Драверт и дело ОИС (Pyotr Dravert and the OIS Affair). Писатель. Общество. Власть (Writer. Society. Power). Omsk, 1995. P. 71–87.</ref>

During World War II, he directed a laboratory for construction materials, working on local mineral substitutes. From 1944 until his death, he worked at the Omsk Regional Museum of Local Lore.<ref name="librarybio">Introduction: Brief Biography. Третьи Дравертовские чтения (Third Dravert Readings). Omsk State Library, 2024. P. 6.</ref>

Dravert died on 12 December 1945 in Omsk. His funeral, held at the museum, was a poignant ceremony: his coffin rested on the gown of Empress [Alexandra Feodorovna](/source/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)), and a friend delivered a eulogy in Latin.<ref name="leifer2">{{cite journal |last=Leifer |first=A. |title=Zagadka zamysla boga |script-title=ru:Разгадать замысел бога |trans-title=Deciphering God's Plan |journal=Den i Noch |year=2006 |issue=5–6 |language=ru}}</ref> He was initially buried at the Cossack Cemetery, but his remains were transferred to the Staro-Vostochnoye Cemetery in 1961.<ref>{{cite news |title=Omskiye istoriki prodolzhayut izuchat trudy meteoritoveda i poeta Petra Draveta |script-title=ru:Омские историки продолжают изучать труды метеоритоведа и поэта Петра Драверта |trans-title=Omsk historians continue to study the works of meteoriticist and poet Pyotr Dravert |work=Kommercheskiye Vesti |date=26 November 2019 |language=ru}}</ref>

== Scientific contributions ==
=== Meteoritics ===
A pioneer in the study of meteorites in Siberia, Dravert participated in the first Soviet meteorite expedition in 1921 alongside [Vladimir Vernadsky](/source/Vladimir_Vernadsky), [Alexander Fersman](/source/Alexander_Fersman), and [Leonid Kulik](/source/Leonid_Kulik).<ref name="funt">{{cite journal |last=Funt |first=Igor |title=K istorii pushkinskogo veyera |script-title=ru:К истории пушкинского веера |trans-title=On the history of the Pushkin fan |journal=Moskva |date=January 2013 |language=ru}}</ref> In 1927, he headed the Omsk Commission on Meteorites, and from 1939, he was a member of the Committee on Meteorites of the [USSR Academy of Sciences](/source/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Soviet_Union).<ref name="aranfonds">[http://isaran.ru/?q=ru/fund&guid=9E1E50D2-3A4B-469C-B395-10A2B912EC3A Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Fund 1708.]</ref>

He studied meteorite falls and collected several specimens, including the {{ill|Khmelevka|ru|Хмелевка (метеорит)}}, Kuznetsovo,<ref name="malakhova">{{cite web |editor-last=Malakhova |editor-first=I. G. |title=Osnovnye nauchnye trudy P. L. Draveta |script-title=ru:Основные научные труды П. Л. Драверта |trans-title=Main scientific works of P. L. Dravert |work=Information System "History of Geology and Mining" |publisher=Russian Academy of Sciences |url=http://higeo.ginras.ru/view-person.php?n=Драверт%20Петр%20Людовикович |language=ru}}</ref> and {{ill|Yerofeyevka|ru|Ерофеевка (метеорит)}}<ref>[http://e-heritage.ru/Book/10074213 ''Meteoritica''], issue 1, 1941], p. 43 (search "Изображение №" 59)</ref> meteorites.

He was the first to study in detail "electrophonic bolides" (meteors accompanied by anomalous sounds), a term he himself proposed.<ref name="kaznev">Kaznev V. Yu. Электрофонные болиды (Electrophonic Bolides). Astronomical Calendar. Vol. 94. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. P. 253–264.</ref>

=== Geology and mineralogy ===
Dravert discovered and described several mineral deposits. In 1918, he found a rare variety of [oldhamite](/source/oldhamite) (calcium sulfide), which was later named '''dravertinite''' in his honor.<ref name="chirvinsky2">{{cite journal |last=Chirvinsky |first=P. N. |title=P. L. Dravert i yego rol v meteoritike |script-title=ru:П. Л. Драверт и его роль в метеоритике |trans-title=P. L. Dravert and his role in meteoritics |journal=Meteoritika |year=1948 |issue=4 |pages=31–37 |language=ru}}</ref> A new mineral, CuMg(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, discovered in [Kamchatka](/source/Kamchatka) in 2015, was named {{ill|dravertite|de|Dravertit}} in his honor.<ref name="pekov">{{cite journal |last1=Pekov |first1=I. V. |display-authors=etal |title=Dravertite, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia |journal=European Journal of Mineralogy |year=2017 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=323–330 |doi=10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2596}}</ref>

He studied earthquakes in the [Bayanaul Mountains](/source/Bayanaul_Range) (Kazakhstan) and discovered [rock art](/source/rock_art) in a cave there, which is now known as '''Dravert's Grotto'''.<ref name="chernova">{{cite news |last=Chernova |first=O. |title=Maldybylak i grot Draveta |script-title=ru:Малдыбулак и грот Драверта |trans-title=Maldybylak and Dravert's Grotto |work=Vesti Ekibastuza |date=1 July 2010 |page=6 |language=ru}}</ref>

He introduced the scientific term "[lithophagy](/source/lithophagy)" He defined the term as ingestion of minerals for nutritional purposes, what is commonly called [geophagia](/source/geophagia) now.<ref name="lithophagy">Dravert P. [https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/43513/ About Lithophagy] (О литофагии) in journal ''Sibirskaya Priroda''. 1922. No 1, pages 3–6.</ref>

== Literary work ==
thumb|1920th
Dravert's first collection, ''Shadows and Echoes'', was published in Kazan in 1904. His poetry, imbued with Siberian themes and scientific terminology, was appreciated for its originality.<ref name="martynov">Martynov L. Друг Вернадского (Friend of V. Vernadsky). Gift to the Future: Poems and Memoirs. Moscow: Veche, 2008. P. 508.</ref> He also wrote short stories, including a [fantasy](/source/fantasy) tale, ''The Tale of the Mammoth and the Ice Age Man'' (1909), published under the pseudonym '''Hector D.'''<ref name="utkov">Utkov V. G. Люди, судьбы, события  (People, Destinies, Events). Novosibirsk, 1970. P. 5–40.</ref>

== Honours and legacy ==
Minerals named after Dravert:
* [Dravertinite](/source/Dravertinite) (a variety of [oldhamite](/source/oldhamite), CaS)<ref name="chirvinsky3">{{cite journal |last=Chirvinsky |first=P. N. |title=Petr Lyudovikovich Dravert |journal=Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva |year=1946 |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=345–347 |language=ru}}</ref>
* {{ill|dravertite|de|Dravertit}} (CuMg(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="pekov" />
Animal::
* ''[Lymnaea](/source/Lymnaea) palustris draverti'', Mozley, 1934 - water snail<ref name="mozley">{{cite journal |last=Mozley |first=A. |title=New fresh-water mollusks from Northern Asia |journal=Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London |year=1934 |volume=21 |issue=2}}</ref>
Toponyms:
* Dravert's Grotto (Kazakhstan), an archaeological and geological site<ref name="chernova" />
* Dravert Shore (Omsk Oblast), a paleontological site on the [Irtysh River](/source/Irtysh_River)<ref>{{cite web |title=Bereg Draveta – urochishche na pravoberezhye Irtysha |script-title=ru:Берег Драверта — урочище на правобережье Иртыша |trans-title=Dravert Shore – a tract on the right bank of the Irtysh |author=Andrey S.R. |url=https://omchanin.livejournal.com/1116379.html |language=ru}}</ref>
* Dravert Street in [Omsk](/source/Omsk) (named in 2007)<ref>{{cite news |last=Davydova |first=Svetlana |title=Nobelevsky tupik |script-title=ru:Нобелевский тупик |trans-title=Nobel dead end |work=[Rossiyskaya Gazeta](/source/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta) |date=11 January 2008 |url=https://rg.ru/2008/01/11/reg-omsk/nobelevsky-tupik.html |language=ru}}</ref>
* Dravert’s Quarters - modern residents in Omsk. 

Notable students:
* [Leonid Martynov](/source/Leonid_Martynov) (1905–1980), poet<ref name="martynov2">Martynov L. Dar budushchemu: poems and memories (Дар будущему: стихи и воспоминания). pages 502–513.</ref>
* [Sergei Zalygin](/source/Sergei_Zalygin) (1913–2000), writer<ref>Dedkov I. A. Sergey Zalygin: Pages of life, pages of work (страницы жизни, страницы творчества. Moscow: Sovremennik, 1985. pages 5–16.</ref>

=== Archives ===
His personal library is preserved at the Omsk State Scientific Library.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lichnaya biblioteka P. L. Draveta |script-title=ru:Личная библиотека П. Л. Драверта |trans-title=Personal library of P. L. Dravert |work=Center for Book Treasures |publisher=Omsk State Scientific Library |url=http://omsklib.ru/kollekcii/fond_knig_pamjatnikov/redkaja_kniga/lichnye_biblioteki/dravert |language=ru}}</ref> His documents and collections are held in the archives of the [Russian Academy of Sciences](/source/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences)<ref name="aranfonds" /> and the Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geologicheskaya kollektsiya |script-title=ru:Геологическая коллекция |trans-title=Geological collection |publisher=Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore |url=https://sibmuseum.ru/fonds/estestvennaya-kollekciya/geologicheskaya-kollekciya/ |language=ru}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Selected scientific works:
* Expedition to the Syuntar salt region (Экспедиция в соленосный район Сюнтар). Yakutsk, 1908. 43 c.
* Materials for the Ethnography and Geography of the Yakutsk Region (Материалы для этнографии и географии Якутской области). Kazan, 1912. 50 pp. 
* On lithophagy: [stone eating] (О литофагии: [камнеедении]) // Siberian nature. 1922. No. 1. P. 3-6.
* Useful minerals of the Omsk-Tara region (Полезные ископаемые Омско-Тарского края). Omsk: Omsk Bureau of Local History, 1933. 20 pp.
* Shower of meteoritic stone in the neighbourhood of the village Kuznetzovo, West Siberia, on May 26, 1932 // Mineralogical Magazine. 1934. Vol. 23. N 144. P. 509-512.
* [https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1939JRASC..33...51M A new iron meteorite from Kazakhstan] // Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 1938. Vol. 33. No 2. P. 51.
* Some lost meteorites of the USSR (Asiatic part) // Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 1938. Vol. 33. No 2. P. 53-56.
* Agronomic ores in the Omsk region (Агрономические руды в Омской области). Omsk: Omgiz, 1944. 21 p.
* Lost meteorites of the Asian part of the USSR (Потерянные метеориты азиатской части СССР). Meteoritika. 1948. Vol. 4. 

Selected literary works:
* [https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80:%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82 Тени и отзвуки] (Shadows and Echoes). Kazan, 1904 (Poetry)
* Под небом якутской страны (Under the Sky of the Yakut Land). Tomsk, 1911 (Poetry)
* Сибирь (Siberia). Novo-Nikolayevsk, 1923 (Poetry)
* Сказание о маманте и ледниковом человеке (The Tale of the Mammoth and the Ice Age Man). 1909. (Fantasy story, as Hector D.)

=== About P. Dravert ===
* Leifer A. E. "I Will Not Betray Siberia!.." Pages of One Life («Сибири не изменю!..». Страницы одной жизни). Novosibirsk, 1979. 134 p. Circulation 5,000 copies.
* Dravertite, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. ''European Journal of Mineralogy'', 2017.
* Siberia as a Symbolistic Topos: Shadows and Echoes (1904) by Pyotr L. Dravert. ''Vestnik NSU, Series History and Philology'', 2022.
* P. L. Dravert’s Prehistoric Science Fiction in the “Siberian Text” of Russian Literature. 2023. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.1.791 
* ''Pyotr Ludovikovich Dravert and Pyotr Nikolaevich Chirvinsky: Scientific correspondence (1934-1945)''. editor N. I. Bryanchaninova; compiled by I. P. Vtorov, E. N. Senkova. Introduction by: V. I. Onoprienko and G. B. Buslaeva. 2024. https://doi.org/10.24108/preprints-3113203
* Dravert's Materials in the Collection of the A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://higeo.ru/view?type=person&id=949 Bibliography] in the [History of Geology and Mining (Information System)](/source/History_of_Geology_and_Mining_(Information_System))
* {{cite web |title=Biography of P. L. Dravert |publisher=Pushkin Library, Omsk |url=http://www.omsklib.ru/novosti/vydayushchiesya_zemlyaki/dravert_petr_lyudovikovich |language=ru}}
* {{cite web |title=List of publications by P. L. Dravert |work=in PDF |publisher=Omsk |url=https://omsklib.ru/files/news/our_izdania/2014/Dravert.pdf |language=ru}} 
* [https://www.meteorites.ru/menu/description-e/index.php?active=khmelevka Khmelevka meteorite].
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dravert, Pierre}}
Category:1879 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category:People from Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Category:People from Vyatka Governorate
Category:Kazan Federal University alumni
Category:Russian geologists
Category:Soviet geologists
Category:Russian mineralogists
Category:Meteorite researchers
Category:20th-century Russian poets
Category:Soviet poets
Category:Russian male poets
Category:Soviet male poets
Category:Russian fantasy writers
Category:Soviet fantasy writers
Category:Russian people of French descent
Category:Russian people of Polish descent

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyotr Dravert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Dravert) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Dravert?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.