# Pyongbu Line

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Railway line in North Korea

P'yŏngbu Line View of Sonha Station near the inter-Korean border Overview Native name 평부선; 平釜線 Status Operational Owner Korean State Railway Locale P'yŏngyang, North Hwanghae Province, South Hwanghae Province Termini P'yŏngyang P'anmun (in North Korea) Busan (in South Korea) Stations 26 Service Type Heavy rail, Regional rail passenger/freight Operator Korean State Railway Depot(s) Sariwŏn, Sŏhŭng, P'anmun History Opened 5 November 1905 (freight) 3 April 1906 (passenger) Technical Line length 187.3 km (116.4 mi) Number of tracks single track Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Minimum radius 300 m (980 ft) Electrification 3000 V DC Overhead line Operating speed 100 km/h (62 mph) Maximum incline 11‰ Route map Legend P'yŏngŭi Line P'yŏngnam Line 0.0 P'yŏngyang [bridge appx 350 m (1,150 ft)] [bridge appx 435 m (1,427 ft)] Rubber Factory Textile Machinery Plant 2.6 Taedonggang Kim Jŏng-suk Textile Mill Grain Processing Factory P'yŏngdŏk Line Rangrang Line 10.8 Ryŏkp'o 17.8 Chunghwa [tunnel appx 425 m (1,394 ft)] 24.4 Hŭkkyo 31.1 Kindŭng Songrim Line 36.5 Hwangju 2.4 Hwangju Airport [bridge appx 145 m (476 ft)] 46.7 Ch'imch'on 53.8 Chŏngbang former Changyŏn Line 60.5 Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn Sariwŏn Textile Factory Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 65.1 East Sariwŏn Pongsan Line 70.5 Pongsan 77.5 Ch'ŏnggye coal mine 85.4 Hŭngsu [bridge appx 105 m (344 ft)] [tunnel appx 170 m (560 ft)] [bridge appx 100 m (330 ft)] 90.2 Munmu (coal mine) [new tunnel appx 80 m (260 ft)] [old tunnel appx 120 m (390 ft)] [tunnel appx 160 m (520 ft)] 100.6 Sŏhŭng 107.4 Sinmak [new tunnel appx 375 m (1,230 ft)] [old tunnel appx 355 m (1,165 ft)] 117.9 Mulgae [new bridge appx 75 m (246 ft)] [new tunnel appx 95 m (312 ft)] [old tunnel appx 85 m (279 ft)] 5.0 Paegol (fluorspar mine) 126.7 P'yŏngsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn Line [tunnel appx 180 m (590 ft)] 135.3 T'aebaeksansŏng [tunnel appx 205 m (673 ft)] [tunnel appx 110 m (360 ft)] 141.0 Hanp'o [new bridge appx 405 m (1,329 ft)] Ryesŏng River [old bridge appx 410 m (1,350 ft)] [tunnel appx 240 m (790 ft)] 151.3 Kŭmch'ŏn [old bridge appx 380 m (1,250 ft)] [old tunnel appx 100 m (330 ft)] [new bridge appx 140 m (460 ft)] Ojoch'ŏn [old bridge appx 150 m (490 ft)] 5.9 Maeha-dong Closed [tunnel appx 505 m (1,657 ft)] 163.2 Kyejŏng [tunnel appx 230 m (750 ft)] 170.4 Ryŏhyŏn Former T'ohae Line 178.2 Kaep'ung (silica mine) [tunnel appx 360 m (1,180 ft)] 187.3 Kaesŏng 191.2 Sonha 195.1 Pongdong 197.6 P'anmun ↑North Korea DMZ north gate Sach'ŏn River [bridge appx 270 m (890 ft)] Military Demarcation Line [tunnel appx 40 m (130 ft)] DMZ south gate ↓South Korea 202.9 Changdan Closed 1950 204.6 Dorasan Gyeongui Line

Pyongbu Line Hangul 평부선 Hanja 平釜線 RR Pyeongbuseon MR P'yŏngbusŏn

The **P'yŏngbu Line** is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the [Korean State Railway](/source/Korean_State_Railway) running from [P'yŏngyang](/source/Pyongyang) to [Kaesŏng](/source/Kaes%C5%8Fng) in [North Korea](/source/North_Korea) and further south across the DMZ to [Seoul](/source/Seoul) in [South Korea](/source/South_Korea); the name comes from the two (theoretical) termini of the line: P'yŏngyang and [Busan](/source/Busan).[1]

The total length of the line from P'yŏngyang to Busan is 719.8 km (447.3 mi); however, due to the [Korean Demilitarized Zone](/source/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone), regular operation is restricted to the 187.3 km (116.4 mi) section between P'yŏngyang and Kaesŏng.[1] 22% of the line is laid with concrete sleepers, and it is the only railway line in North Korea capable of speeds of 100 km/h (62 mph). The ruling grade is 11‰, the minimum curve radius is 300 m (980 ft), and there are 99 bridges [total length 4,310 m (14,140 ft)] and 13 tunnels [total length 3,244 m (10,643 ft)].[2]

The P'yŏngyang–[Hwangju](/source/Hwangju_station) section is under the jurisdiction of the P'yŏngyang Railway Bureau, whilst the rest of the line from Hwangju south is under the Sariwŏn Railway Bureau. There are 28 stations on the line, and the average distance between stations is 6.7 km (4.2 mi). Along with locomotive depots at [Sariwŏn](/source/Sariwon_Chongnyon_station), [Sŏhŭng](/source/Sohung_station), and [P'anmun](/source/Panmun_station), there are large freight-handling facilities at Hwangju, [Chunghwa](/source/Chunghwa_station), [East Sariwŏn](/source/Tongsariw%C5%8Fn_station), Sŏhŭng, [P'yŏngsan](/source/Pyongsan_station) and Kaesŏng.[2]

The P'yŏngbu Line connects to the P'yŏngui, [P'yŏngnam](/source/Pyongnam_Line), and [P'yŏngra](/source/Pyongra_Line) lines at [P'yŏngyang](/source/Pyongyang_station), to the [P'yŏngdŏk Line](/source/Pyongdok_Line) at [Taedonggang](/source/Taedonggang_station), to the [Songrim Line](/source/Songrim_Line) at Hwangju, to the [Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line](/source/Hwanghae_Ch'%C5%8Fngny%C5%8Fn_Line) at Sariwŏn, and the [Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn Line](/source/Ch'%C5%8Fngny%C5%8Fn_Ich'%C5%8Fn_Line) at P'yŏngsan.[1]

## History

*For the original line's history and other information before 1945, see [Gyeongui Line (1904–1945)](/source/Gyeongui_Line_(1904%E2%80%931945)).*

Construction of the [Seoul](/source/Seoul)–Kaesŏng railway line began in 1902.[3] After the outbreak of the [Russo-Japanese War](/source/Russo-Japanese_War) it became imperative to transport freight north from Seoul to [Sinŭiju](/source/Sinuiju). Thus the [Kyŏngŭi Line](/source/Gyeongui_Line) was rapidly built, being opened by the [Temporary Military Railway](/source/Temporary_Military_Railway) for freight traffic on 5 November 1905 and to passengers on 3 April 1906. It was subsequently taken over by the [Chosen Government Railway](/source/Chosen_Government_Railway) (*Sentetsu*) on 1 September 1906. By 1 April 1908, when the "Ryuki" express train from Busan to Sinŭiju entered service, every station on the line was operational.[4]

The railway bridge across the [Yalu River](/source/Yalu_River) between Sinŭiju and [Andong](/source/Dandong) (now Dandong) was opened in November 1911, connecting the line to the [South Manchuria Railway](/source/South_Manchuria_Railway). Starting in 1913, tickets from Seoul to [London](/source/London) were sold, traveling via the Kyongŭi Line, the South Manchuria Railway, and the [Trans-Siberian Railway](/source/Trans-Siberian_Railway). By the 1930s Sentetsu had put international trains between Korea and Manchuria, such as the *Hikari*, *Nozomi*, and *Koa* express trains, into service on this line.

The ruins of [Mate 10](/source/Sentetsu_Mate_class_locomotives) at Changdan in 1976.

After the [Pacific War](/source/Pacific_War) and the end of [Japanese rule](/source/Korea_under_Japanese_rule) in 1945, [Korea was partitioned](/source/Partition_of_Korea) along the 38th parallel, with the northern half under [Soviet](/source/Soviet_Union) control. This cut the line in half between [Sariwŏn](/source/Sariwon) and [Kaep'ung](/source/Kaepung), with the [Korean State Railway](/source/Korean_State_Railway) of the DPRK—initially the [Soviet Army](/source/Soviet_Army)—operating trains between P'yŏngyang and Sariwŏn,[1] and the [Korean National Railroad](/source/Korail) of South Korea operating passenger trains between Seoul and [T'osŏng](/source/Kaepung_station) (now Kaep'ung).[5] On 31 December 1950 a train consisting of the locomotive "[Mate 10](/source/Sentetsu_Mate_class_locomotives)" and 25 cars, going from [Hanp'o](/source/Hanpo_station) to [Munsan](/source/Munsan_station), was ordered to stop at Changdan by the [US Army](/source/United_States_Army) and was destroyed. The locomotive is now on display at [Imjingak](/source/Imjingak).[1] The end of the [Korean War](/source/Korean_War) established the current inner-Korean border, after which the North Korean section of the former Kyongŭi Line was split into two separate lines—the P'yŏngŭi Line from P'yŏngyang north to Sinŭiju, and the P'yŏngbu line from P'yŏngyang south to Kaesŏng, [P'anmun](/source/Panmun_station) and the DMZ.[1]

After having been closed since 1948, on 15 June 2000 an inter-Korean Joint Declaration was made, announcing the intention to reconnect the railways between North and South. On 31 July at the ministerial talks it was agreed to reopen the connection between the P'yŏngbu Line and the [Gyeongui Line](/source/Gyeongui_Line) from Kaesŏng to [Dorasan](/source/Dorasan_station) through the DMZ. Celebrations marking the reconnection were held on 14 June 2003 in North and South Korea. On 17 May 2007 the first train between North and South crossed the DMZ, carrying invited dignitaries from both sides of the inner-Korean border. The new stations at [Sonha](/source/Sonha_station) and [P'anmun](/source/Panmun_station) were opened at this time. The first scheduled freight train ran on 11 December 2007, carrying construction materials from Munsan in the South to Kaesong, and footwear and clothing on the return trip to the South.[6]

The rebuilt station at [Pongdong](/source/Pongdong_station) between Sonha and P'anmun was also opened on this date. From then on, freight trains from the south to the Kaesŏng Industrial District were operated until 28 November 2008, when the North temporarily closed the line due to changes in the political situation. On 25 August 2009 it was closed once again, subsequently reopening on 1 December of that year. Tensions between North and South escalated again in 2013, leading to the closure of the border again on 4 May of that year,[7] remaining closed until 16 September when it was reopened.[8] As of 10 February 2016 the border crossing is once again closed.[9]

## Services

### Freight

Freight forwarded on the line is greatly dependent on the direction of movement. Between [Taedonggang](/source/Taedonggang_station) and Hwangju, southbound freight traffic is 1.8 to 2 times greater than northbound, between Sariwŏn and P'yŏngsan, 56% of freight traffic is northbound, slightly higher than southbound.[2]

Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn station is the most important in freight traffic, having a large, automated freight sorting yard. Important freight yards are also in Chunghwa, Hwangju, P'yŏngsan, Sŏhŭng and Kaesŏng. Major commodities arriving at Sariwŏn include anthracite, fertilizer, steel, logs, stone, sand, and gravel. Freight arriving to Kaesŏng includes anthracite, wood, fertilizer, salt, steel, and cement, while outbound shipments from Kaesŏng are made up of [granite](/source/Granite) and iron ore towards the north,[2] and (when the border crossing is open) clothing, footwear and other products from the [Kaesong Industrial Complex](/source/Kaesong_Industrial_Complex).[6]

The P'yŏngbu Line serves important industries such as the [Hwanghae Iron & Steel Complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hwanghae_Iron_%26_Steel_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1), the [February 8 Cement Complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=February_8_Cement_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1), the [Sariwŏn Textile Factory](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sariwon_Textile_Factory&action=edit&redlink=1), the [Haeju](/source/Haeju) Industrial Zone via the [Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line](/source/Hwanghae_Ch'%C5%8Fngny%C5%8Fn_Line), as well as several mines, quarries, and other small- and medium-sized industries in [South Hwanghae province](/source/South_Hwanghae_Province). Further, as it runs through one of North Korea's most important agricultural areas, grain, fertiliser, pesticides and agricultural machinery make up a large part of freight moved on the line.[2]

Cement makes up a very significant portion of freight forwarded from points on the P'yŏngbu Line. Cement from the February 8 Cement Complex at [West Pongsan](/source/Sopongsan_station) on the [Pongsan Branch](#Pongsan_Branch) accounts for up to 39% of northbound freight traffic on the Pongsan–Sariwŏn section, a portion of this being destined for the port at Haeju for export, via the Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line. Ore and minerals also make up a notable portion of freight moved on the line, destined for the Hwanghae Iron & Steel Complex at [Changch'ŏlli](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changcholli_station&action=edit&redlink=1) on the Songrim Line, and for the [Ch'ŏllima Steel Complex](/source/Chollima_Steel_Complex) and the [Namp'o Smelting Complex](/source/Nampo_Smelting_Complex) on the P'yŏngnam Line. This includes minerals from sources on the P'yŏngbu Line, such as limestone from [Munmu](/source/Munmu_station), [silica](/source/Silica) from [Kaep'ung](/source/Kaepung_station), and [fluorspar](/source/Fluorspar) from P'yŏngsan, as well as iron ore from [Ch'ŏlgwang](/source/Cholgwang_station) on the [Ŭllyul Line](/source/Ullyul_Line), which is brought onto the P'yŏngbu Line via the Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line via Sariwŏn. Pig iron, steel and other ferrous metals from the Hwanghae Iron & Steel Complex make up up to 22% of northbound freight traffic from Hwangju towards P'yŏngyang. There is no northbound coal traffic, yet coal accounts for the majority of southbound freight, due to the lack of coal deposits in South and [North Hwanghae](/source/North_Hwanghae_Province) provinces. Coal forwarded from the [P'yŏngdŏk Line](/source/P'y%C5%8Fngd%C5%8Fk_Line) is brought onto the P'yŏngbu Line at Taedonggang, from where some goes to P'yŏngyang, but the bulk moves south; in particular, up to 76% of southbound freight between Taedonggang and Hwangju is coal, most of it destined for the Hwanghae Iron & Steel Complex.[2]

### Passenger

Main article: [List of passenger train services in North Korea](/source/List_of_passenger_train_services_in_North_Korea)

The P'yŏngbu Line is connected to several other lines in P'yŏngyang, and, as such, is responsible for a portion of passenger traffic from Kaesŏng and South Hwanghae province. However, passenger traffic on the P'yŏngbu Line is relatively light in comparison to the high volumes of passenger movements on the P'yŏngŭi and [P'yŏngra Lines](/source/P'y%C5%8Fngra_Line). Hwangju, Sŏhŭng, [Kŭmch'ŏn](/source/Kumchon_station), and P'yŏngsan stations are transfer points for passengers from [Yŏnt'an](/source/Yontan_County), [Rinsan](/source/Rinsan_County) and [T'osan](/source/Tosan_County) counties, which have no railways.[2]

The following passenger trains are known to operate on the North Korean section of the line:[1]

- Express trains **15-16/17-18**, operating between [Haeju Ch'ŏngnyŏn](/source/Haeju_Chongnyon_station) and [Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn](/source/Manpo_Chongnyon_station), run on this line between Sariwŏn and P'yŏngyang.

- Semi-express trains **104-107/108-111**, operating between Haeju Ch'ŏngnyŏn and [Hyesan Ch'ŏngnyŏn](/source/Hyesan_Ch'%C5%8Fngny%C5%8Fn_station), run on this line between Sariwŏn and P'yŏngyang.

- Semi-express trains **119-122/120-121**, operating between [Sinch'ŏn](/source/Sinchon_station) and [Ch'ŏngjin Ch'ŏngnyŏn](/source/Chongjin_Chongnyon_station), run on this line between Sariwŏn and P'yŏngyang.

- Semi-express trains **138-139/140-141**, operating between Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn and [Changyŏn](/source/Changyon_station), run on this line between Taedonggang and Sariwŏn;.

- Semi-express trains **142-143/144-145**, operating between [Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn](/source/Sinuiju_Chongnyon_station) and [Kaesŏng](/source/Kaesong_station), run on this line between P'yŏngyang and Kaesŏng;

- Local trains **202-203-204/205-206-207**, operating between [Hamhŭng](/source/Hamhung_station) and [Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn](/source/Sariwon_Chongnyon_station), run on this line between P'yŏngyang and Sariwŏn.

- Local trains **219/220**, operating between [Taedonggang](/source/Taedonggang_station) and [Ch'ŏlgwang](/source/Cholgwang_station), run on this line between Taedonggang and Sariwŏn.

- Local trains **222-223/224**, operating between [Kalli](/source/Kalli_station) and Kaesŏng, run on this line between P'yŏngyang and Kaesŏng.

- Local trains **236-237/238-239**, operating between Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn and [Tŏkch'ŏn](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokchon_station&action=edit&redlink=1), run on this line between Sariwŏn and Taedonggang.

- Local trains **240-241/242-243**, operating between Haeju Ch'ŏngnyŏn and [Namp'o](/source/Namp'o_Station_(P'y%C5%8Fngnam_Line)), run on this line between Sariwŏn and P'yŏngyang.

In the 1980s there was a long-distance local train running between Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn and [Hamhŭng](/source/Hamhung_station), which ran from Sariwŏn to P'yŏngsan via the P'yŏngbu Line, from P'yŏngsan to [Sep'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn](/source/Sepo_Chongnyon_station) via the Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ichŏn Line, from Sep'o to [Kowŏn](/source/Kowon_station) via the [Kangwŏn Line](/source/Kangw%C5%8Fn_Line), and from Kowŏn to Hamhng via the P'yŏngra Line—a distance of 398.1 km (247.4 mi).[2] The current status of this service is not known.

There is only one express train operating on this line, due to a far greater demand for short-distance commuter service than long-distance travel.[2]

## Route

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

P'yŏngbu Line tracks at Dorasan station in the DMZ

View of the railway yard of P'anmun station at the Kaesŏng industrial complex

Distance (km) Station name Former name Total S2S from Seoul Transcribed Chosŏn'gŭl (Hanja) Transcribed Chosŏn'gŭl (Hanja) Connections 0.0 0.0 261.0 P'yŏngyang 평양; 平壤 P'yŏngnam Line P'yŏngra Line, P'yŏngŭi Line ● Ch'ŏllima Line Yŏnggwang Station ● Tram Line 1 2.6 2.6 258.4 Taedonggang 대동강; 大同江 P'yŏngdŏk Line ● Tram Line 2 10.8 8.0 250.4 Ryŏkp'o 력포; 力浦 Rangrang Line 17.8 7.2 243.2 Chunghwa 중화; 中和 24.4 6.6 236.6 Hŭkkyo 흑교; 黑橋 31.1 6.7 229.9 Kindŭng 긴등 (긴登) 36.5 5.4 224.5 Hwangju 황주; 黃州 Hwanghae Hwangju 황해황주; 黃海黃州 Songrim Line 46.7 10.2 214.3 Ch'imch'on 침촌; 沈村 53.8 7.1 207.2 Chŏngbang 정방; 正方 Kyedong 계동; 桂東 60.5 6.7 200.5 Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn 사리원청년; 沙里院靑年 Sariwŏn 사리원; 沙里院 Hwanghae Ch. Line 65.1 4.6 195.9 East Sariwŏn 동사리원; 東沙里院 70.5 5.4 190.5 Pongsan 봉산; 鳳山 Madong 마동; 馬洞 Pongsan Line 77.5 7.0 183.5 Ch'ŏnggye 청계; 淸溪 85.4 7.9 175.6 Hŭngsu 흥수; 興水 90.2 4.8 170.8 Munmu 문무; 文武 Munmuri 문무리; 文武里 100.6 10.4 160.4 Sŏkhyŏn 석현; 石峴 Sŏhŭng 서흥; 瑞興 107.4 6.8 153.6 Sŏhŭng 서흥; 瑞興 Sinmak 신막; 新幕 117.9 10.5 143.1 Mulgae 물개; 物開 126.7 8.8 134.3 P'yŏngsan 평산; 平山 Namch'ŏn 남천; 南川 Ch. Ich'ŏn Line 135.3 8.6 125.7 T'aebaeksansŏng 태백산성; 太白山城 P'yŏngsan 평산; 平山 141.0 5.7 120.0 Hanp'o 한포; 汗浦 151.3 10.3 109.7 Kŭmch'ŏn 금천; 金川 Kŭmgyo 금교; 金郊 163.2 11.9 97.8 Kyejŏng 계정; 鷄井 170.4 7.2 90.6 Ryŏhyŏn 려현; 礪峴 Yŏhyŏn 여현; 礪峴 178.2 7.8 82.8 Kaep'ung 개풍; 開豊 T'osŏng 토성; 土城 former T'ohae Line 187.3 9.1 73.7 Kaesŏng 개성; 開城 Tracks past Kaesŏng not in regular use 191.2 3.9 69.8 Sonha 손하; 孫河 195.1 3.9 65.9 Pongdong 봉동; 鳳東 197.6 2.5 63.4 P'anmun 판문; 板門 ↑↑ Kukch'ŏl P'yŏngbu Line ↑↑ Demilitarized Zone ↓↓ Korail Gyeongui Line ↓↓ 204.9 7.3 56.1 Dorasan 도라산; 都羅山 208.7 3.8 52.3 Imjingang 임진강; 臨津江 211.0 2.3 50.0 Uncheon 운천; 雲泉 214.7 3.7 46.3 Munsan 문산; 文山 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 261.0 - 0.0 Seoul 서울 (-) Gyeongseong 경성; 京城 Gyeongbu Line, Gyeongbu KTX, , , ↓↓ Korail Gyeongbu Line ↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 702.7 - 441.7 Busan 부산; 釜山 Gyeongbu KTX, Super Rapid Train,

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Hayato_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Hayato_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Hayato_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Hayato_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Hayato_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Hayato_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Hayato_1-6) Kokubu, Hayato (2007), 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō), Tokyo, Shinchosha, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-4-10-303731-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-10-303731-6)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-Naver_2-8) ["평부선"](http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2090767&cid=44454&categoryId=44461). *terms.naver.com*. Retrieved 1 January 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-megalodon_3-0)** ["【魚拓】聯合ニュース"](https://megalodon.jp/2009-0606-1103-03/japanese.yonhapnews.co.kr/misc/2009/04/16/9000000000AJP20090416003200882.HTML). *[Yonhap News Agency](/source/Yonhap_News_Agency)*. 2009-05-08. Archived from [the original](http://japanese.yonhapnews.co.kr/misc/2009/04/16/9000000000AJP20090416003200882.HTML) on 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2018-01-01 – via [Megalodon (website)](/source/Megalodon_(website)).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-jgr1937_4-0)** [Japanese Government Railways](/source/Japanese_Government_Railways) (1937), 鉄道停車場一覧. 昭和12年10月1日現在 (List of the Stations as of 1 October 1937), Tokyo, Kawaguchi Printing Company, pp. 483–484

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RT100_5-0)** 百年の鉄道旅行 (The railway travel for 100 years): [The situation of the division of Korea](http://www.geocities.jp/travel_100years/travelguidemap_476.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150724022432/http://www.geocities.jp/travel_100years/travelguidemap_476.htm) 2015-07-24 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) (in Japanese)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-rg_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-rg_6-1) DVV Media UK. ["Freight crosses the Korean divide"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190424104427/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/freight-crosses-the-korean-divide.html). *Railway Gazette*. Archived from [the original](http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/freight-crosses-the-korean-divide.html) on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["개성공단 사실상 잠정폐쇄"](http://www.kgnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=342329). *Kyeong Ki News*. Retrieved 5 May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** K .J. Kwon (16 September 2013). ["North and South Korea reopen Kaesong Industrial Complex"](https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/15/world/asia/kaesong-korea-complex-reopens/). CNN. Retrieved 17 January 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nknews2016feb_9-0)** ["S.Korea temporarily closes Kaesong Industrial Complex | NK News - North Korea News"](https://www.nknews.org/2016/02/breaking-south-korea-temporarily-closes-the-kic/). *nknews.org*. 10 February 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2018.

v t e P'yŏngbu Line P'yŏngyang Taedonggang Ryŏkp'o Chunghwa Hŭkkyo Kindŭng Hwangju Ch'imch'on Ch'ŏngnyŏn Chŏngbang Sariwŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn East Sariwŏn Pongsan Ch'ŏnggye Hŭngsu Munmu Sokhyon Sŏhŭng Mulgae P'yŏngsan Taebaeksansŏng Hanp'o Kŭmch'ŏn Kyejŏng Ryŏhyŏn Kaep'ung Kaesŏng Sonha Pongdong P'anmun (across the MDL to Dorasan and then on to Korail's Gyeongui Line towards Seoul)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pyongbu Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongbu_Line) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongbu_Line?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.