# Pygopterus

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Extinct genus of fishes

Pygopterus Temporal range: Wuchiapingian–Olenekian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N P. humboldti fossil (Museum of Paleontology, Tübingen) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Family: †Pygopteridae Genus: †Pygopterus Agassiz, 1833 Type species †Palaeothrissium humboldti Blainville, 1818 Other species[1] †P. degeeri Stensiö, 1921 †P. crecelli Wilser, 1923 †P. gleerupi Aldinger, 1937 †P. nielseni Aldinger, 1937

***Pygopterus*** is an [extinct](/source/Extinct) [genus](/source/Genus) of prehistoric [bony fish](/source/Bony_fish) that lived during the [Wuchiapingian](/source/Wuchiapingian) to [Olenekian](/source/Olenekian) [ages](/source/Age_(geology)) ([late Permian](/source/Lopingian) to [Early Triassic](/source/Early_Triassic) [epochs](/source/Epoch_(geology))) in what is now [England](/source/England), Germany ([Baden-Württemberg](/source/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg), [Saxony-Anhalt](/source/Saxony-Anhalt)), [Greenland](/source/Greenland) and [Svalbard](/source/Svalbard) (Spitsbergen).[2][3] It is one of the few genera of ray-finned fish known to cross the [Permian-Triassic boundary](/source/Permian-Triassic_boundary).[3]

†*Pygopterus humboldti*

†*Pygopterus humboldti* fossil

Fossils have been found in the [Marl Slate Formation](/source/Marl_Slate_Formation), [Kupferschiefer](/source/Kupferschiefer) ([Werra Formation](/source/Werra_Formation)), [Ravnefjeld Formation](/source/Ravnefjeld_Formation), [Vikinghøgda Formation](/source/Vikingh%C3%B8gda_Formation) and [Buntsandstein](/source/Buntsandstein).[1][2] A report about the discovery of this fish in [Westphalian](/source/Westphalian_(stage)) deposits of Belgium was likely caused by the presence of *[Nematoptychius](/source/Nematoptychius)* which was referred to as *Pygopterus* in late 19th century.[4]

## Synonyms

- *Pygopterus greenockii* [Traquair](/source/Ramsay_Traquair), 1866 → *[Nematoptychius](/source/Nematoptychius) greenockii* (Traquair, 1866)[1]

## See also

- [Paleontology portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Paleontology)
- [Fish portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fish)

- [Prehistoric fish](/source/Prehistoric_fish)

- [List of prehistoric bony fish](/source/List_of_prehistoric_bony_fish)

- [Permian-Triassic mass extinction](/source/Permian-Triassic_mass_extinction)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Schultze2021_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Schultze2021_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Schultze2021_1-2) Schultze, Hans-Peter; Mickle, Kathryn E.; Poplin, Cecile; Hilton, Eric J.; Grande, Lance (2021). *Handbook of Paleoichthyology, 8A. Actinopterygii I. Palaeoniscimorpha, Stem Neopterygii, Chondrostei*. Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München. p. 299. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-89937-272-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89937-272-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Aldinger1937_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Aldinger1937_2-1) Aldinger, Hermann (1937). "Permische Ganoidfische aus Ostgrönland". *Meddelelser om Grønland* (in German). **102** (3): 1–392.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Romano_et_al_2016_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Romano_et_al_2016_3-1) Romano, Carlo; Koot, Martha B.; Kogan, Ilja; Brayard, Arnaud; Minikh, Alla V.; Brinkmann, Winand; Bucher, Hugo; Kriwet, Jürgen (2016). "Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution". *Biological Reviews*. **91** (1): 106–147. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/brv.12161](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbrv.12161). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [25431138](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25431138). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [5332637](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5332637).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** C. Derycke, R. Cloutier, A.-M. Candilier (1995). ["Palaeozoic vertebrates of northern France and Belgium: Part II - Chondrichthyes, Acanthodii, Actinopterygii (Uppermost Silurian to Carboniferous)"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240450097). *Geobios*. **28** (1889–1890): 347. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80136-7](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0016-6995%2895%2980136-7).{{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

v t e Actinopterygian genera Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Superclass: Osteichthyes Gnathostomata see Gnathostomata Actinopterygii see below↓ Actinopterygii Actinopterygii †Austelliscus †Cheirolepis †Cuneognathus †Dialipina? †Kentuckia †Krasnoyarichthys †Ligulalepis? †Limnomis †Meemannia †Moythomasia †Naxilepis? †Orvikuina? †Osorioichthys †Palaeoneiros †Pickeringius †Raynerius †Stegotrachelus †Tegeolepis †Terenolepis? †Howqualepididae Donnrosenia Howqualepis †Mimiidae Gogosardina Mimipiscis Post-Devonian taxa see below↓ Post-Devonian taxa Post-Devonian taxa †Adroichthys †Aetheretmon †Agecephalichthys †Amblypterina †Ambodipia †Aneurolepis †Angatubichthys †Apateolepis †Apholidotus †Arratiaichthys †Asarotus †Australichthys †Avonichthys †Beagiascus †Belichthys †Bethesdaichthys †Birgeria †Bishofia †Bluefieldius †Blourugia †Boreolepis †Brachydegma †Brachypareion †Brazilichthys †Burguklia †Carbonilepis †Caruichthys †Centrolepis †Charleuxia †Chichia †Coccocephalus †Concentrilepis †Cornuboniscus †Cosmolepis †Cosmoptychius †Cretolepis †Cylindrichthys †Daqingshaniscus †Diplospondichthys †Disichthys †Dmitrevichthys †Drydenius †Duwaichthys †Dwykia †Elpisopholis †Ganolepis †Gardinerichthys †Gardinerpiscis †Gondwanichthys †Grandfieldia †Guaymayenia †Guntherichthys †Gyrolepidoides †Huanghelepis †Hyllingea †Illiniichthys †Inichthys †Irajapintoseidon †Itararichthys †Kalops †Kansasiella †Karaunguria †Kazanichthys †Kelliaichthys †Kenderlichthys †Khantausia †Kompasia †Kutaichthys †Lambeia †Lanarkichthys †Lawrenciella †Leptogenichthys †Letovichthys †Lineagruan †Luederia †Mansfieldiscus †Megapteriscus †Melanecta †Mesembrioniscus †Mesonichthys †Mesopoma †Ministrella †Monesedeiphus †Muensterichthys †Myriolepis †Nematoptychius †Neuburgella †Notacmon †Novogonatodus †Nozamichthys †Oxypteriscus †Pacorichthys †Palaeobergia †Paphosiscus †Paradrydenius †Paralogoniscus †Peleichthys †Piratata †Phanerorhynchus †Phanerosteon †Praolepis †Protamblyptera †Pseudohaplolepis †Psilichthys †Pteroniscus †Rastrolepis †Reticulolepis †Roslerichthys †Rubidus †Samarichthys †Santosichthys †Sceletophorus †Schizolepis †Senekichthys †Sinkiangichthys †Sinoniscus †Sixtelia †Sphaerolepis †Spinofacia †Strepheoschema †Sundayichthys †Tanypterichthys †Tanyrhinichthys †Tienshaniscus †Trachelacanthus †Trawdenia †Turgoniscus †Ufalepis †Urosthenes †Usclasichthys? †Uydenia †Uydenichthys †Varialepis †Wayaobulepis †Westlepis †Whiteichthys †Willomorichthys †Woodichthys †Xingshikous †Yogoniscus †Yaomoshania †Zhongweilepis †Acrolepidae Acrolepis Acropholis Challaia Kasanilepis Namaichthys Plegmolepis Progyrolepis? Watsonichthys †Aeduellidae Aeduella Bourbonnella Decazella Neslovicella Platysella Puertollanichthys Schafeevus Spinarichthys Westollia †Aesopichthyidae Aesopichthys Proceramala †Amblypteridae Amblypterus Daphnaechelus Korutichthys? Lawnia Paramblypterus Tchekardichthys Tholonosteon Tholonotus †Bobasatraniiformes Dorypterus Bobasatraniidae Bobasatrania Ebenaqua Ecrinesomus? †Canobiidae Canobius Schaefferius †Discordichthyidae Discordichthys Geryonichthys Mamulichthys Mutovinia †Eigiliidae Eigilia Strelnia †Elonichthyidae Alilepis Elonichthys Palaeostrugia? Meisenheimichthys Rhabdolepis? †Eurynotiformes Mesolepis Paramesolepis Proteurynotus Wardichthys Amphicentridae Amphicentrum Cheirodopsis Eurynotus Styracopteridae Benedenius Fouldenia Styracopterus †Eurynotoidiformes Adzvalepis Alvinichthys Eurynotoides Isadia Kichkassia Lapkosubia Minicholepis Vologdinia †Gonatodidae Gonatodus Pseudogonatodus Usolia †Guildayichthyidae Discoserra Guildayichthys †Haplolepidae Andrewsolepis Blairolepis Braccohaplolepis Haplolepis Millerolepis Parahaplolepis Protohaplolepis Pyritocephalus †Igornichthyidae Commentrya Igornella Igornichthys Setlikia †Palaeoniscidae Atherstonia Cteniolepidotrichia Dicellopyge Ferganiscus Gyrolepis Palaeoniscinotus Palaeoniscum Palaeothrissum Shuniscus Triassodus Weixiniscus †Platysomidae Aestuarichthys Dorsolepis Kargalichthys Ningxiaplatysomus Paranaichthys Platysomus Schaefferichthys Sinoplatysomus Tompoichthys †Ptycholepidae Acrorhabdus Ardoreosomus Boreosomus Chungkingichthys Ptycholepis Yuchoulepis †Pygopteridae Briveichthys Progyrolepis? Pygopterus Zaborichthys †Rhadinichthyidae Cycloptychius Cyranorhis Mentzichthys Pteronisculus? Rhadinichthys Wendyichthys †Saurichthyiformes Yelangichthys Saurichthyidae Costasaurichthys Eosaurichthys Lepidosaurichthys Saurichthys Saurorhynchus Sinosaurichthys †Tarrasiidae Paratarrasius Tarrasius †Turseoidae Pteronisculus? Turfania? Turseodus †Uighuroniscidae Indaginilepis Uighuroniscus Cladistia see Cladistia includes bichirs Actinopteri Chondrostei see Chondrostei includes sturgeons and paddlefish Neopterygii see Neopterygii

Taxon identifiers Pygopterus Wikidata: Q28649118 GBIF: 4839384 IRMNG: 1282740 Open Tree of Life: 4143575 Paleobiology Database: 149731

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