# Pycnothele

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{{Short description|Genus of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = 
| image = 
| image_caption = 
| image2 = 
| image2_caption = 
| taxon = Pycnothele
| authority = [Chamberlin](/source/Ralph_Vary_Chamberlin), 1917<ref name=wsc />
| type_species = ''[P. perdita](/source/Pycnothele_perdita)''
| type_species_authority = Chamberlin, 1917
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 12, see text
| synonyms = *''Agersborgia'' <small>[Strand](/source/Embrik_Strand), 1936</small><ref name=Luca1973 />
*''Androthelopsis'' <small>[Mello-Leitão](/source/C%C3%A2ndido_Firmino_de_Mello-Leit%C3%A3o), 1934</small><ref name=Pere1989 />
*''Pycnothelopsis'' <small>Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942</small><ref name=Rave1985 />
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=wsc />
}}

'''''Pycnothele''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of South American [mygalomorph](/source/Mygalomorphae) spiders in the family [Pycnothelidae](/source/Pycnothelidae). First described by [Ralph Vary Chamberlin](/source/Ralph_Vary_Chamberlin) in 1917,<ref name=Cham1917 /> it was moved to the [funnel-web trapdoor spiders](/source/Nemesiidae) in 1985,<ref name=Rave1985 /> but moved back to Pycnothelidae in 2020.<ref name=Opat2020 /> It is a [senior synonym](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) of ''Agersborgia''<ref name=Luca1973 /> and ''Androthelopsis''.<ref name=Pere1989 />

==Species==
{{as of|2022|04}} it contains 12 species, found in [Argentina](/source/Argentina), [Uruguay](/source/Uruguay), and [Brazil](/source/Brazil):<ref name=wsc />
*''[Pycnothele arapongas](/source/Pycnothele_arapongas)'' <small>Passanha, Indicatti, [Brescovit](/source/Ant%C3%B4nio_Brescovit) & [Lucas](/source/Hippolyte_Lucas), 2014</small> – [Brazil](/source/Brazil)
*''[Pycnothele araraquara](/source/Pycnothele_araraquara)'' <small>Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014</small> – Brazil
*''[Pycnothele auripila](/source/Pycnothele_auripila)'' <small>([Mello-Leitão](/source/C%C3%A2ndido_Firmino_de_Mello-Leit%C3%A3o), 1946)</small> – [Uruguay](/source/Uruguay)
*''[Pycnothele auronitens](/source/Pycnothele_auronitens)'' <small>([Keyserling](/source/Eugen_von_Keyserling), 1891)</small> – Brazil
*''[Pycnothele gauderio](/source/Pycnothele_gauderio)'' <small>Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014</small> – Brazil
*''[Pycnothele gigas](/source/Pycnothele_gigas)'' <small>(Vellard, 1925)</small> – Brazil
*''[Pycnothele jatai](/source/Pycnothele_jatai)'' <small>Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014</small> – Brazil
*''[Pycnothele labordai](/source/Pycnothele_labordai)'' <small>(Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014)</small> – Brazil, Uruguay
*''[Pycnothele modesta](/source/Pycnothele_modesta)'' <small>(Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942)</small> – Uruguay, [Argentina](/source/Argentina)
*''[Pycnothele perdita](/source/Pycnothele_perdita)'' <small>[Chamberlin](/source/Ralph_Vary_Chamberlin), 1917</small> ([type](/source/Type_species)) – Brazil
*''[Pycnothele rubra](/source/Pycnothele_rubra)'' <small>Passanha, Indicatti, Brescovit & Lucas, 2014</small> – Brazil
*''[Pycnothele singularis](/source/Pycnothele_singularis)'' <small>(Mello-Leitão, 1934)</small> – Brazil

'''Formerly included:'''
*''P. piracicabensis'' <small>(Piza, 1938)</small> (Transferred to ''[Rachias](/source/Rachias)'')

==References==
<references>
  <ref name="wsc">{{cite journal| title=Gen. Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917| website=World Spider Catalog Version 20.0| accessdate=2020-07-11| year=2020| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/2030| doi=10.24436/2| last1=Gloor| first1=Daniel| last2=Nentwig| first2=Wolfgang| last3=Blick| first3=Theo| last4=Kropf| first4=Christian}}</ref>
  <ref name="Cham1917">{{cite journal| last=Chamberlin| first=R. V.| year=1917| title=New spiders of the family Aviculariidae| journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology| pages=25–75| volume=61| author-link=Ralph Vary Chamberlin}}</ref>
  <ref name="Luca1973">{{cite journal| last1=Lucas| first1=S.| last2=Bücherl| first2=W.| year=1973| title=Revision von Typenmaterial der Vogelspinnensammlung des Institutes Butantan| journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger| volume=190| page=241}}</ref>
  <ref name="Opat2020">{{cite journal| last=Opatova| first=V.| display-authors=etal| year=2020| title=Phylogenetic systematics and evolution of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using genomic scale data| journal=Systematic Biology| volume=69| issue=4| pages=701–702| doi=10.1093/sysbio/syz064| pmid=31841157| doi-access=free| url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/05/02/531756.full.pdf}}</ref>
  <ref name="Pere1989">{{cite journal| last1=Pérez-Miles| first1=F.| last2=Capocasale| first2=R. M.| year=1989| title=Revision of the genus ''Pycnothele'' (Araneae, Nemesiidae)| journal=Journal of Arachnology| volume=16| page=288}}</ref>
  <ref name="Rave1985">{{cite journal| last=Raven| first=R. J.| year=1985| title=The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics| journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History| volume=182| pages=79–101}}</ref>
</references>

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal| last=Passanha| first=V.| display-authors=etal| year=2014| title=Revision of the spider genus ''Pycnothele'' (Araneae, Nemesiidae)| journal=Iheringia, Série Zoologia| pages=228–251| volume=104| issue=2| doi=10.1590/1678-476620141042228251| doi-access=free}}
*{{cite journal| last=Bücherl| first=W.| year=1957| title=Sôbre a importância dos bulbos copuladores e das apófises tibiais dos machos na sistemática das aranhas caranguejeiras (Orthognatha)| journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências| pages=377–416| volume=29}}

{{Taxonbar| from=Q2114865}}

Category:Mygalomorphae genera
Category:Pycnothelidae
Category:Spiders of South America
Category:Taxa named by Ralph Vary Chamberlin
Category:Taxa described in 1917

{{Pycnothelidae-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pycnothele](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnothele) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnothele?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.