# Pusharo

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Archaeological site in Peru

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The **Petroglyphs of Pusharo** constitute a unique and extensive ancient [rock art](/source/Rock_art) [archaeological site](/source/Archaeological_site) in southeastern [Peru](/source/Peru)'s [Manú National Park](/source/Man%C3%BA_National_Park), an expanse of [rain forest](/source/Rain_forest) that still contains unexplored and little known areas, and for which an official government permit is required for entry.

## Discovery

It appears that a [rubber tapper](/source/Rubber_tapping) who participated in a violent attack on [indigenous people](/source/Indigenous_people) in 1909 may have been the first non-indigenous person to encounter the [petroglyphs](/source/Petroglyph), with the next visit having been made by Vicente Cenitagoya, a missionary of the [Dominican Order](/source/Dominican_Order), in 1921. A smattering of [adventurers](/source/Adventurers) began to arrive at the site in the 1950s, and in 1969 it was visited by the Peruvian physician Dr. [Carlos Neuenschwander Landa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Neuenschwander_Landa&action=edit&redlink=1) (who would return in later years accompanied by Peruvian explorer, Sr. [Santiago Yábar](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Y%C3%A1bar&action=edit&redlink=1)). In 1970 another Dominican, Padre Adolfo Torrealba, reached the site, followed by Japanese explorer [Yoshiharo Sekino](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoshiharo_Sekino&action=edit&redlink=1), and the French-Peruvian explorers Herbert and Nicole Cartagena in 1978. Two years later, it was visited by Peruvian [archaeologist](/source/Archaeologist) [Federico Kauffmann Doig](/source/Federico_Kauffmann_Doig). In 1991 the party of North American explorer [Gregory Deyermenjian](/source/Gregory_Deyermenjian), including Peruvian explorer Paulino Mamani and the previously mentioned Santiago Yábar, arrived at Pusharo. The site has since been visited and studied by rock art scholar [Rainer Hostnig](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainer_Hostnig&action=edit&redlink=1).

In 2008, it was the subject of a documentary-trek filmed for the [BBC](/source/BBC) television series *[Extreme Dreams](/source/Extreme_Dreams_with_Ben_Fogle)* presented by [Ben Fogle](/source/Ben_Fogle).

In 2016, the petroglyphs of the site played an important role in the research of Vincent Pélissier, as he searched for the mythical lost city of [Paititi](/source/Paititi). In the research, the petroglyphs were interpreted as a map, leading from the glyphs to the city.[1] The research assumes two things as fact: the petroglyphs are a map, and the carvings were made by the Inca. Neither of these assumptions have been proven definitively.

## Description

The site is made up of an array of deeply incised rock carvings that cover up to a height of 9 feet, a perpendicular rock face that is over 100 feet long and 75 feet high. Its location is on the south shore of the [Río Palatoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Palatoa&action=edit&redlink=1) (designated on some maps at this location as the Porotoa, and known by others as the [Palatoa Chico](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palatoa_Chico&action=edit&redlink=1)). The petroglyphs are thought by some researchers to be purely pan-Amazonian in origin, and of mistico-religious or shamanic significance to those Amerindians of past centuries who must have been their creators. Others believe that there is an Inca component that is now coming to light, and that the petroglyphs constitute parts of a map. Definitive word on the meaning of Pusharo's petro glyphs must wait until further research is conducted and completed. The petroglyphs contain elements such as heart-shaped faces, some with double borders, spirals, zigzags, suns, "curlicue Xs" and others that defy verbal description.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Vincent Pélissier (2016). ["The Discovery of Paititi Last Capital of the Incas"](http://paititieldorado.fr/en/). Vincent Pélissier. Retrieved December 15, 2021.

- *The Petroglyphs of Pusharo: Peru's Amazonian Riddle* by [Gregory Deyermenjian](/source/Gregory_Deyermenjian). Pub. 2000, Volume 2/Number 3 issue of Athena Review.[\[1\]](https://web.archive.org/web/20090427131850/http://www.athenapub.com/pusharo1.htm)

- Rainer Hostnig.[\[2\]](http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/arqueologia/pusharo.htm)

- "PUSHARO: La Memoria Recobrada de los Incas" by Thierry Jamin, Pub: 2007

- "Peru's Amazonian Eden: MANU", by [Kim MacQuarrie](/source/Kim_MacQuarrie), Pub: 1992

v t e Archaeological sites in Peru Acaray Ahuila Gencha Machay Amaru Marka Wasi Arhuaturo Asana Asiru Phat'jata Aspero Auga Punta Auquilohuagra Awkin Punta Awkimarka (Apurímac) Awkimarka (Huánuco) Aya Muqu Ayamachay Ayawayq'u Azángaro Baths of Boza Bandurria Buena Vista Cahuachi Cajamarquilla Cao Viejo Carachupa Carajía Caral Caves of Sumbay Cerro Baúl Cerro Pátapo Cerro Trinidad Chacamarca Chan Chan Chanquillo Chauchilla Cemetery Chavín de Huantar Chawaytiri Cheqollo Chichakuri Chipaw Marka Choquepuquio Choquequirao Choquequirao Puquio Churajón Chuya Cochabamba Cochapata Colcampata Collor Condorcaga Cota Coca Coricancha Cumbemayo Cutimbo El Brujo El Cañoncillo El Ingenio El Paraíso Garagay Gran Pajatén Gran Vilaya Guellayhuasin Guitarrero Cave Hatun Machay Hatun Misapata Hatun Rumiyoc Hatun Uchku Hatun Usnu Hatunmarka Honcopampa Huaca de la Luna Huaca del Dragón Huaca del Sol Huaca Huallamarca Huaca Prieta Huaca Pucllana Huaca San Marcos Huaca Santa Ana Huacramarca Hualpayunca Huamanmarca, La Convención Huamboy Huankarán Huaycán de Pariachi Huánuco Pampa Huari Huayna Picchu Huayrapongo Huchuy Qosqo Huiñao Inca Uyo Incahuasi, Lima Ingatambo Inka Mach'ay Inka Raqay, Apurímac Inka Raqay, Ayacucho Inka Tampu, Huayopata Inka Tampu, Vilcabamba Inka Tunuwiri Inka Wasi, Ayacucho Inka Wasi, Huancavelica Inkapintay Inkilltambo Inti Punku Inti Watana, Ayacucho Inti Watana, Calca Inti Watana, Urubamba Intikancha Intini Uyu Pata Intipa Ñawin Intiyuq K'uchu Iskuqucha Isog Jinkiori Jisk'a Iru Muqu Kanamarka Kanichi Kenko Killa Mach'ay Killarumiyuq Kotosh Kuelap Kukuli Kuntur Wasi Kunturmarka, Ayacucho Kunturmarka, Pasco Kuntuyuq Kusichaka valley Khichuqaqa Khuchi Mach'ay K'allapayuq Urqu K'ipakhara La Otra Banda Laguna de las Momias Lauricocha Caves Layzón Llactan Llamachayuq Llamachayuq Qaqa Llamayuq Llamuqa Llaqta Qulluy, Acoria Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca Llaqta Qulluy, Tayacaja Llaqta Qulluy, Vilca Llaqtapata Machu Colca Machu Picchu Machu Pirqa Machu Pitumarka Machu Q'inti Mallkuamaya Mameria Maray Qalla Marayniyoq Marcahuamachuco Markahirka Markansaya Markapukyu Marpa Mawk'allaqta, Castilla Mawk'allaqta, Espinar Mawk'allaqta, La Unión Mawk'allaqta, Melgar Mawk'allaqta, Paruro Mawk'allaqta, Sandia Mawk'ataray Mazur Miculla Millka Miraflores Mirq'imarka Miyu Pampa Molloko Moray Mulinuyuq Mullu Q'awa Muyu Muyu Muyu Urqu Muyuq Marka Nazca Lines Nina Kiru Ninamarca Ñawpallaqta, Huanca Sancos Ñawpallaqta, Fajardo Ñawpallaqta, Lucanas Ñusta Hispana Ollantaytambo Pacatnamu Pachacamac Pachatusan Paiján Pañamarca Paracas Candelabra Paraccra Patallaqta Pikillaqta Pikimach'ay Pilluchu Pinkuylluna Pirca Pirca, La Libertad Pirca Pirca, Lima Pirhuaylla Piruro Pirwayuq Písac Puka Pukara Puka Tampu Puka Urqu Pukara, Coporaque Pukara, Fajardo Pukara, Puno Pukara, Vilcas Huamán Pukarani Pumamarka, San Sebastián Pumamarka, Urubamba Pumaq Hirka Pumawasi Punkuri Puqin Kancha Puruchuco Purunllacta, Cheto Purunllacta, Soloco Pusharo Pusuquy Pata Puyupatamarca Qaqapatan Qenko Qillqatani Qillqa Qillqay Mach'ay Quiaca Quillarumi Quishuar Qullqapampa Qulu Qulu Qunchamarka Qunchupata Quri Winchus Qurimarka, Apurímac Qurimarka, Cusco Quriwayrachina, Anta Quriwayrachina, Ayacucho Quriwayrachina, La Convención Qasa Pata Qhapaq Kancha Raqch'i Revash Rumicolca Rumiwasi Runayoc Runkuraqay Sacsayhuamán Sara Sara Sayacmarca Sayhuite Sechín Sillustani Sipán Sóndor Soro Mik'aya Patjxa Susupillu Tambo Totem Tambomachay Tampu Mach'ay, Huancavelica Tampukancha Tanqa Tanqa Tantarica Taqrachullu Tarahuasi Tarmatambo Templo del Zorro The Toads of Wiraqucha Tikra Tinyaq Tipón Titiqaqa Toquepala Caves Toro Muerto Trinchera Túcume Tunanmarca Tunay Q'asa Tupu Inka T'akaq T'uqu T'uquyuq Uchkus Inkañan Urpish Uskallaqta Usnu, Ayacucho Usnu, Huánuco Usnu Muqu Usqunta Uyu Uyu Venado cautivo Ventanillas de Otuzco Ventarron Vilcabamba Vilcashuamán Viracochapampa Vitcos Waman Pirqa Wamanilla Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas Wamanmarka, Lima Wanakawri, Cusco Wanakawri, Huánuco Waqlamarka Waqra Pukara Waqutu Warahirka Waraqayuq Waraqu Urqu Warawtampu Wari Willka Waruq Wat'a, Cusco Wat'a, Huánuco Wayna Q'inti Wayna Tawqaray Wichama Wichqana Wich'un Wila Wilani Wilca Wilcahuaín Willkaraqay Wiñay Wayna Wiraqucha Pirqa Yanaca Yanaqi - Qillqamarka Yaynu Yuraq Mach'ay

[12°35′03″S 71°29′10″W / 12.5843°S 71.4860°W / -12.5843; -71.4860](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pusharo&params=12.5843_S_71.4860_W_source:wikidata)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pusharo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusharo) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusharo?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.