# Punctelia microsticta

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{{Short description|Species of lichen}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Punctelia microsticta
| authority = ([Müll.Arg.](/source/M%C3%BCll.Arg.)) [Krog](/source/Hildur_Krog) (1982)
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Krog 1982"/>
| synonyms = *''Parmelia microsticta'' {{small|Müll.Arg. (1879)}}
}}

'''''Punctelia microsticta''''' is a species of [foliose lichen](/source/foliose_lichen) in the family [Parmeliaceae](/source/Parmeliaceae). It occurs in Brazil and Argentina, where it [grows on bark](/source/corticolous_lichen).

==Taxonomy==
The lichen was first [described](/source/species_description) to science in 1879 by Swiss botanist [Johannes Müller Argoviensis](/source/Johannes_M%C3%BCller_Argoviensis) as ''Parmelia microsticta''. The [type specimen](/source/type_(biology)) was collected from [Apiaí](/source/Apia%C3%AD) ([São Paulo](/source/S%C3%A3o_Paulo), Brazil), by botanist Juan Ignacio Puiggari. He found it growing on the trunk of lemon tree (''[Citrus limon](/source/Citrus_limon)''). The original description noted its similarity to ''[Punctelia rudecta](/source/Punctelia_rudecta)'', with differences in the grey colour of the thallus, the pale apothecia, and the much larger spores.<ref name="Müller 1879"/> [Hildur Krog](/source/Hildur_Krog) transferred it to the newly [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) genus ''[Punctelia](/source/Punctelia)'' in 1982.<ref name="Krog 1982"/>

''Punctelia'' species with a black lower [thallus](/source/thallus) surface and lacking vegetative [propagule](/source/propagule)s (like [isidia](/source/isidia) or [soredia](/source/soredia)) are called the ''Punctelia microsticta'' group. This [complex](/source/species_complex) of [morphologically](/source/morphology_(biology)) similar species includes ''[P.&nbsp;borrerina](/source/Punctelia_borrerina)'', ''[P.&nbsp;riograndensis](/source/Punctelia_riograndensis)'', ''[P.&nbsp;jujensis](/source/Punctelia_jujensis)'', and ''[P.&nbsp;subpraesignis](/source/Punctelia_subpraesignis)''; all occur in South America.<ref name="Canêz & Marcelli 2010"/>

==Description==
''Punctelia microsticta'' has [ascospore](/source/ascospore)s that are greater than 20&nbsp;[μm](/source/micrometre) long (those of the type are most typically in the range 22–26 by 14–18&nbsp;μm), hook-like (unciform) [conidia](/source/conidia), and has negative [medullary](/source/medulla_(lichenology)) chemical [reactions](/source/spot_test_(lichen)) for [C](/source/sodium_hypochlorite) and KC. This combination of features distinguishes it from other species of the ''P.&nbsp;microsticta'' species complex.<ref name="Canêz & Marcelli 2010"/>

==Habitat and distribution==
In addition to Brazil, ''Punctelia microsticta'' has been recorded from Argentina.<ref name="Estrabou 2014"/> In an assessment of the potential use of local lichens as air quality [biomonitor](/source/biomonitor)s in central Argentina, ''Punctelia microsticta'' was determined to be a [pollution](/source/air_pollution)-tolerant species. Although the lichen typically occurs on the bark of trees and shrubs,<ref name="Estrabou et al. 2011"/> one report from Argentina noted its growth on the painted metal bars of the "La Postrera", an iron bridge on [Provincial Route 2](/source/Provincial_Route_2_(Buenos_Aires)).<ref name="Rosato 2003"/>

==Chemistry==
[Secondary compounds](/source/Secondary_metabolite) that have been found in ''Punctelia microsticta'' include [isomuronic acid](/source/isomuronic_acid), [gyrophoric acid](/source/gyrophoric_acid) and [dihydropertusaric acid](/source/dihydropertusaric_acid).<ref name="Maier et al. 1999"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="Canêz & Marcelli 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Canêz |first1=Luciana |last2=Marcelli |first2=Marcelo |title=The ''Punctelia microsticta''-group (Parmeliaceae) |journal=The Bryologist |volume=113 |issue=4 |year=2010 |pages=728–738 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745-113.4.728}}</ref>

<ref name="Estrabou 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Estraboua |first1=Cecilia |last2=Quiroga |first2=Carolina |last3=Rodríguez |first3=Juan Manuel |year=2014 |title=Lichen community diversity on a remnant forest in south of Chaco region (Cordoba, Argentina) |journal=Bosque |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=49–55 |doi=10.4067/S0717-92002014000100005|hdl=11336/32371 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Estrabou et al. 2011">{{cite journal |last1=Estrabou |first1=Cecilia |last2=Filippini |first2=Edith |last3=Soria |first3=Juan Pablo |last4=Schelotto |first4=Gabriel |last5=Rodriguez |first5=Juan Manuel |title=Air quality monitoring system using lichens as bioindicators in Central Argentina |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |volume=182 |pages=375–383 |doi=10.1007/s10661-011-1882-4|hdl=11336/44134 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Krog 1982">{{cite journal |last1=Krog |first1=Hildur |year=1982 |title=''Punctelia'', a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=287–292 |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01191.x}}</ref>

<ref name="Maier et al. 1999">{{cite journal |last1=Maier |first1=Marta S |last2=González Marimon |first2=Diego I. |last3=Stortz |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Adler |first4=Mónica T. |year=1999 |title=A revised structure for (−)-dihydropertusaric acid, a γ-butyrolactone acid from the lichen ''Punctelia microsticta'' |journal=Journal of Natural Products |volume=62 |issue=11 |pages=1565–1567 |doi=10.1021/np990110n}}</ref>

<ref name="Müller 1879">{{cite journal |last1=Müller |first1=J. |year=1879 |title=Lichenologische Beiträge. VIII |journal=Flora (Regensburg) |volume=62 |issue=11 |pages=161–169 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/65035 |language=la}}</ref>

<ref name="Rosato 2003">{{cite book |last1=Rosato |first1=V.G. |year=2003 |chapter=Lichens found on the bridge "La Postrera" across the Salado river, Cháscomús (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) |title=RILEM International Conference on Microbial Impact on Building Materials |editor-last1=Silva |editor-first1=M. Ribas |pages=77–83 |doi=10.1617/2351580184.008 |isbn=2-912143-43-8}}</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10646751}}

microsticta
Category:Lichen species
Category:Lichens of Argentina
Category:Lichens of Brazil
Category:Lichens described in 1879
Category:Taxa named by Johannes Müller Argoviensis

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Punctelia microsticta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctelia_microsticta) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctelia_microsticta?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.