# Pulpulak

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__NOTOC__
[[File:Yerevan Republic Square pulpulak.jpg|thumb|250px|In [Yerevan](/source/Yerevan)'s [Republic Square](/source/Republic_Square%2C_Yerevan) ]]
250px|thumb|A closeup look at a pulpulak

A '''pulpulak''' ({{langx|hy|պուլպուլակ}}, {{IPA|hy|pulpuˈlɑk}}) is a public [water fountain](/source/Water_fountain) common in [Armenia](/source/Armenia) and in the former [Armenian](/source/Armenians)-populated [Republic of Artsakh](/source/Republic_of_Artsakh).<ref>{{cite web|last=Hayrapetyan|first=Varsine|title=Ջուրը կյանքի աղբյուր է... ''[Water is the source of life]''|url=http://www.artsakhtoday.com/?p=25174|publisher=ArtsakhToday|accessdate=24 October 2012|date=21 September 2012|language=hy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151957/http://www.artsakhtoday.com/?p=25174|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pulpulaks are a significant part of [Armenian culture](/source/Armenian_culture),<ref name=sovmonsc>{{cite book|title=Советская монументальная скульптура, 1960-1980 ''(Soviet Monumental sculpture, 1960-1980)''|author=Nikita Voronov|publisher=Iskustvo ("Искусство")|year=1984|pages=221|language=ru}}</ref> and first appeared on the streets of [Yerevan](/source/Yerevan) in the 1920s before becoming extremely popular. Pulpulaks were, and still are, often used by people to appoint meetings and by couples as dating locations.<ref name="Sarukhanyan"/>

== Name ==
The word pulpulak is colloquial and derives from the sound of the murmuring of water "pul-pul", suffixed with "ak" (ակ), meaning "water source".<ref name="Khachkar">{{cite web|title=Пулпулак ''(Pulpulak)''|url=http://www.khachkar.ru/encyclopedia/?id=101|publisher=Khachkar journal|accessdate=25 October 2012|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="atb"/> They are rarely referred to as ''tsaytaghbyur'' ({{langx|hy|ցայտաղբյուր}}), meaning "squirt spring".

== Description ==
Pulpulaks are small, usually one meter tall, stone memorials with running water, often fed by a mountain spring.<ref name="atb">{{cite web|title=Useful information about Armenia|url=http://www.atb.am/en/tourist/|publisher=Armenian Travel Bureau|accessdate=27 October 2012}}</ref> Some pulpulaks are erected in memory of dead relatives. In drinking from a memorial pulpulak, passersby give their blessing to the person in memory of whom it is constructed. Memorial pulpulaks are related to ''[khatchkar](/source/khatchkar)s''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shahnazaryan|first=Gnel|title=Պատմության դասեր ''[Lessons of history]''|url=http://www.hayzinvor.am/15128.html|newspaper=Zinvor|publisher=Defense Ministry of Armenia|accessdate=25 October 2012|date=5–11 July 2011|language=hy}}</ref>

==Yotnaghbyur==
Yotnaghbyur (Յոթնաղբյուր, meaning "seven springs") is the name of the famous pulpulak in [Yerevan](/source/Yerevan)'s [Republic Square](/source/Republic_Square%2C_Yerevan). It was erected by Spartak Gndeghtsyan in 1965, and was restored in 2008 by Moscow-based Armenian designer Nur.<ref name="Sarukhanyan">{{cite news|last=Sarukhanyan|first=Petros|title=Յոթնաղբյուրի վերածնունդը ''[The Revival of Yotnaghbyur]''|url=http://www.hhpress.am/?sub=hodv&hodv=20080503_18&flag=am|accessdate=24 October 2012|date=3 May 2008|newspaper=[Hayastani Hanrapetutyun](/source/Hayastani_Hanrapetutyun)|language=hy}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Пулпулак около церкви святой Богородицы Ка.jpeg|Pulpulak near the [Katoghike Church, Yerevan](/source/Katoghike_Church%2C_Yerevan)
File:Пулпулак в Гегарде.jpg|Pulpulak near the [Geghard](/source/Geghard) monastery
File:Գյումրվա ցայտաղբյուր 03.jpg
File:Գյումրվա ցայտաղբյուր 01.jpg
File:Գյումրվա ցայտաղբյուր 02.jpg
File:Tsaytaghbyur in Norashen, Tavush.jpg
File:Vaikmemorialfountain-meta.jpg|Pulpulak in honor of an Armenian soldier killed in the [First Nagorno-Karabakh War](/source/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War)
File:Pulpulak on M-4 road.jpg|In [Gegharkunik Province](/source/Gegharkunik_Province)
File:Pulpulak in Bjni.JPG|In [Bjni](/source/Bjni)
2014 Górski Karabach, Klasztor [Gandzasar](/source/Gandzasar_monastery), Fontanna do picia.jpg|Pulpulak near the Gandzasar monastery in Nagorno-Karabakh.
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Pulpulaks}}
*[Khatchkars](/source/Khatchkars)
*[Armenian architecture](/source/Armenian_architecture)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Category:Drinking fountains
Category:Architecture in Armenia

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pulpulak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulpulak) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulpulak?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.