# Public Image: First Issue

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***Public Image: First Issue*** is the debut studio album by the English rock band [Public Image Ltd](/source/Public_Image_Ltd), released on 8 December 1978 by record label [Virgin](/source/Virgin_Records). The album took 35 years to be released in the United States, following a canceled release in 1979.

Coming off of lead vocalist [John Lydon](/source/John_Lydon)'s work with [Sex Pistols](/source/Sex_Pistols), the album was a significant deviation from that band's straightforward [punk](/source/Punk_rock) style. While still featuring elements of [Punk rock](/source/Punk_rock), particularly on the song "[Public Image](/source/Public_Image_(song))", the album features excursions into [dub](/source/Dub_music), [reggae](/source/Reggae), and [Krautrock](/source/Krautrock).[2]

Upon its release, it reached number 22 in the UK Album Charts.[3] Despite its modest commercial success, it was met with largely negative feedback critically, but received acclaim in retrospective reviews and is now considered one of the pioneering records in the development of [post-punk](/source/Post-punk),[1] and is additionally regarded as a forerunner of [Post-rock](/source/Post-rock) music. It received Silver certification in the UK.[4]

## Background

[John Lydon](/source/John_Lydon) had helped popularize and pioneer [Punk rock](/source/Punk_rock) in the United Kingdom with his previous band, [Sex Pistols](/source/Sex_Pistols). However, after releasing their debut album, Lydon became disillusioned with the band and the movement, famously saying at the end of their last concert, "Ever get the feeling that you've been cheated?"[5][6]

Upon leaving the band after this concert, Lydon would search for musicians to form a new band, eventually recruiting [Jah Wobble](/source/Jah_Wobble), [Keith Levene](/source/Keith_Levene), and [Jim Walker](/source/Jim_Walker).[7][8]

## Recording

"[Public Image](/source/Public_Image_(song))", the debut single, was recorded first. Recording started on a Monday in mid-July 1978 (most probably 10 or 17 July) at Advision Studios[9] with engineer [John Leckie](/source/John_Leckie) and assistant engineer [Kenneth Vaughan Thomas](/source/Ken_Thomas_(record_producer)). For mixing and overdubs, the band then went into [Wessex Studios](/source/Wessex_Sound_Studios)[10] with engineer [Bill Price](/source/Bill_Price_(record_producer)) and assistant engineer Jeremy Green.

According to engineer John Leckie, "I [...] came down Monday morning from [The Manor](/source/The_Manor_Studio) after a few hours' sleep to Advision Studios, a studio I hadn't worked in before [...] I engineered the session [...] Keith Levene took the multi-track tape home that night and came in the next day having forgotten it and accused me of stealing it! The track was pretty much a live take with Levene's guitar double-tracked. [John Lydon](/source/John_Lydon) did his vocal through a [Space Echo](/source/Roland_RE-201), dub-style. I did a rough mix and went home. The next day the band never showed up and my rough mix was the record. I got no credit but [Richard Branson](/source/Richard_Branson) did give me £250! It wasn't stressful, just a lot of fun!"[11]

The other engineer, Bill Price, said something similar: "They'd recorded it and he wasn't quite happy, so he came to me to mix and do overdubs. Johnny was nominally in charge but he would look over his shoulder and ask [Jah](/source/Jah_Wobble) 'Is this the right direction?'"[12]

On Saturday, 22 July 1978, the music press reported that the band had been in the recording studio;[13] the following week, Virgin Records announced that PiL's debut single would be released on 8 September 1978.[14]

After *Public Image*, the entire first side of the record was recorded in the autumn of 1978 at [Townhouse Studios](/source/Townhouse_Studios)[15] and The Manor Studio[16] with engineer [Mick Glossop](/source/Mick_Glossop).[17]

The last three songs on the second side were recorded at [Gooseberry Sound Studios](/source/Gooseberry_Sound_Studios),[18] a cheap reggae studio used because the band had run out of money, with engineer Mark Lusardi[19] and assistant engineer Jon Caffery.[20] Lydon knew the studio from the recording of [Sex Pistols](/source/Sex_Pistols) demos in January 1977.

By late September 1978, the recording of the album was finished.[21] The band had briefly considered including an alternative version of "Public Image" with different lyrics on the album, a plan that was finally rejected.[22]

In November or December 1978, Wobble and Levene returned to Gooseberry Sound Studios to record a 12-inch EP, *Steel Leg V. the Electric Dread*, with guest vocalists Vince Bracken and [Don Letts](/source/Don_Letts).

## Release

The album was released on 8 December 1978. The album saw modest commercial success, peaking at No. 22 on the [Official Albums Chart](/source/Official_Albums_Chart) in the UK, and would later be certified silver in the UK. It would also chart in Australia and New Zealand.

In 1979, *[NME](/source/NME)* reported that a court in [Malta](/source/Malta) had halted sales of the album because the lyrics of "Religion" offended public morals and decency.[23]

### Cancelled American release

On 9 February 1979, Warner Bros. Recording Studios in [North Hollywood](/source/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California) manufactured a test pressing of the album for PiL's American label, [Warner Bros. Records](/source/Warner_Bros._Records).[24] The album's sound was considered too non-commercial for an American release, and PiL were asked to re-record parts of it.[25] Although the band recorded new versions of some tracks between March and May 1979,[26] the album was never released in the USA. However, in 1980 Warner Bros. released the song "Public Image" on the compilation album *Troublemakers*, the only album track released in the USA until the 2013 release of the entire album.[27]

The re-recorded version of "Fodderstompf" was released under the title "Megga Mix" as the B-side of the "[Death Disco](/source/Death_Disco)" 12" single (29 June 1979). The track was later included on the PiL compilations *[Plastic Box](/source/Plastic_Box)* (1999) and *[Metal Box](/source/Metal_Box): Super Deluxe Edition* (2016); it was the only track from the February 1979 *First Issue* re-recording sessions to be officially released until 2025 (see below).

On 18 June 2013, the UK version of the album was finally officially released in the US via [Light in the Attic Records](/source/Light_in_the_Attic_Records).[28] In 2025, the band announced that the 1979 US mix would finally be publicly released for [Record Store Day](/source/Record_Store_Day) of that year, featuring alternate artwork.[29]. It peaked at number 29 on the Billboard US Indie Store Album Sales chart.

## Reception

Upon its release, *Public Image: First Issue* received a 2- (out of 5) star review in *[Sounds](/source/Sounds_(magazine))*. Reviewer Pete Silverton said that the single is the "Only wholly worthwhile track on the album." He dubbed the rest of the songs as "morbid directionless sounds with Rotten's poetry running just behind it."[30] [Nick Kent](/source/Nick_Kent) of *NME* was similarly negative, quipping that "unfortunately the 'image', public or otherwise, is a good deal less limited than many of the more practical factors involved in this venture."[31]

However, the album is now considered a groundbreaking post-punk classic. [AllMusic](/source/AllMusic) critic Uncle Dave Lewis stated that the record "helped set the pace" for the post-punk genre, adding that it was "among a select few 1978 albums that had something lasting to say about the future of rock music."[1] *[Pitchfork](/source/Pitchfork_(website))'*s Stuart Berman wrote, "*First Issue's* industrial-strength stompers anticipate the scabrous [art-punk](/source/Art_punk) of the [Jesus Lizard](/source/The_Jesus_Lizard) and [Slint](/source/Slint), while Levene's guitar curlicues on 'Public Image' are the stuff *[Daydream Nation](/source/Daydream_Nation)*s are made of."[2] *Public Image: First Issue* is, along with *[Metal Box](/source/Metal_Box)*, included in the book *[1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die](/source/1001_Albums_You_Must_Hear_Before_You_Die)*.[32]

## Track listing

### Aborted 1979 US mix

On 12 April 2025, the aborted 1979 US mix of the album officially got a release in the form of a limited [Record Store Day](/source/Record_Store_Day) vinyl pressing.[33]

## Personnel

**Public Image Limited**

- [John Lydon](/source/John_Lydon) – vocals, piano
- [Keith Levene](/source/Keith_Levene) – guitar, synthesiser
- [Jah Wobble](/source/Jah_Wobble) – bass, vocals and fire extinguisher on "Fodderstompf"
- [Jim Walker](/source/Jim_Walker_(drummer)) – drums

## Charts

Chart (1978–79) Peak position Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)[34] 77

Chart (2023) Peak position

Chart (2025) Peak position [35]

## References

1. Lewis, Uncle Dave. ["Public Image: First Issue – Public Image Ltd."](http://www.allmusic.com/album/public-image-first-issue-mw0000767689). [AllMusic](/source/AllMusic). Retrieved 9 September 2013.

1. Berman, Stuart (24 June 2013). ["Public Image Ltd: First Issue"](http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/18200-public-image-ltd-first-issue/). *[Pitchfork](/source/Pitchfork_(website))*. Retrieved 9 September 2013.

1. ["PUBLIC IMAGE"](https://www.officialcharts.com/albums/public-image-ltd-public-image/). *Official Charts*. 1978-12-23. Retrieved 2025-08-13.

1. ["Public Image, Public Image, Album - The BPI"](https://www.bpi.co.uk/award). *BPI*. Retrieved 2025-08-13.

1. Cooper 1978.

1. Reynolds 2005, p. 11.

1. Pingitore, Silvia (2020-05-07). ["Interview with post-punk legend Jah Wobble about music, Sid Vicious, star signs, Brexit and everything else you can think of"](https://the-shortlisted.co.uk/jah-wobble-invaders-heart-interview/). *the-shortlisted.co.uk*. Retrieved 2022-03-23.

1. "Classified Advertisements / Work/ Musicians Wanted". *[Melody Maker](/source/Melody_Maker)*. 6 May 1978. Drummer Wanted to play on/off beat for modern band with fashionable outlook and rather well known singer. - Virgin Records, 727 8070

1. *Advision Studios* (23 Gosfield Street, London W1)

1. *Wessex Sound Studios* (106A Highbury Park, London N5)

1. Robert Webb: *"The Story of the Song 'Public Image'"* (*[The Independent](/source/The_Independent)*, 12 December 2003)

1. Nick Hasted: *"The Making Of 'Public Image' By PIL"* (*[Uncut](/source/Uncut_(magazine))*, October 2008)

1. *"T-Zers Goes Camping"* (*[New Musical Express](/source/New_Musical_Express)*, 22 July 1978, page 55)

1. *"Rotten's Return"* (*[Melody Maker](/source/Melody_Maker)*, 29 July 1978, front page)

1. *Townhouse Studios* (150 Goldhawk Road, London W12)

1. *The Manor Studio* (Shipton Manor, Shipton-on-Cherwell OX5)

1. [\[1\]](http://mickglossop.com/discography/1970/1970.html) Mick Glossop Discography 1970–1979 (*Mick Glossop Music Production* official website)

1. *Gooseberry Sound Studios* (19 Gerrard Street, London W1)

1. Phil Strongman: *"Marking 25 Years of Mark Angelo – The Mark Angelo Boss Has Seen It All: Punk, Reggae, Cockroaches"* (*[Pro Sound News](/source/Pro_Sound_News) Europe* website, 1 December 2004)

1. Andreas Hub: *"Produzenten in Deutschland: Jon Caffery"* (*Fachblatt Musikmagazin*, Germany, October 1990, pages 68–75)

1. *Recorded in England Sept. '78* (album sleeve note)

1. Chris Brazier: *"The Danceable Solution"* (*[Melody Maker](/source/Melody_Maker)*, 28 October 1978)

1. "T-Zers". *[NME](/source/NME)*. 1 September 1979.

1. [\[2\]](http://www.popsike.com/PIL-Public-Image-78-Acetate-Unissued-US-LP-Sex-Pistols/350178036937.html) Ebay auction details on *Popsike* website

1. Mikal Gilmore: "John Lydon Improves His Public Image" (*[Rolling Stone](/source/Rolling_Stone)*, 1 May 1980)

1. Scott Murphy: "David Humphrey Interview" (*Fodderstompf.com* website April 2004)

1. [\[3\]](http://www.discogs.com/Various-Troublemakers/release/456496) Various Artists: *Troublemakers* (Warner Bros. Records, US, released 10 July 1980 / release date according to United States Copyright Office website)

1. [\[4\]](http://lightintheattic.net/releases/866-first-issue) First Issue

1. Jones, Damian (14 February 2025). ["Public Image Ltd to release "long lost" alternative US mix of 'First Issue' for Record Store Day 2025"](https://www.nme.com/news/music/public-image-ltd-to-release-long-lost-alternative-us-mix-of-first-issue-for-record-store-day-2025-3838259). *NME*. NME Networks. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250217190031/https://www.nme.com/news/music/public-image-ltd-to-release-long-lost-alternative-us-mix-of-first-issue-for-record-store-day-2025-3838259) 17 February 2025 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 20 February 2025.

1. Silverton, Pete (9 December 1978). ["Public Image Ltd: Public Image (Virgin)"](https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/public-image-ltd-ipublic-imagei-virgin). *[Sounds](/source/Sounds_(magazine))*. Retrieved 2 November 2017. – via [Rock's Backpages](/source/Rock's_Backpages)

1. Kent, Nick (9 December 1978). ["Public Image Ltd.: Public Image Ltd. (Virgin)"](https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/public-image-ltd-ipublic-image-ltdi-virgin). *[NME](/source/NME)*. Retrieved 2 November 2017. – via [Rock's Backpages](/source/Rock's_Backpages)

1. Dimery, Robert (ed.) (2013). *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die*. [Cassell Illustrated](/source/Cassell_(publisher)). p. 406. ISBN 9781844037353.

1. ["RSD '25 Special Release: Public Image Limited - First Issue (US Version)"](https://recordstoreday.com/SpecialRelease/18736), retrieved 2025-04-13

1. Kent, David (1993). *Australian Chart Book 1970–1992*. illustrated ed. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 242. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.

1. ["Indie Record Store Top 50 Ending 4/17"](https://recordstoreday.com/Chart/275101). April 17, 2025.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Public Image: First Issue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Image%3A_First_Issue) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Image%3A_First_Issue?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.