# Pteridoideae

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridoideae
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{{Short description|Subfamily of ferns}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Anogramma leptophylla.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Anogramma leptophylla](/source/Anogramma_leptophylla)''
| taxon = Pteridoideae
| authority = C.Chr. ex Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text.
}}

'''''Pteridoideae''''' is one of the five subfamilies of the [fern](/source/fern) family [Pteridaceae](/source/Pteridaceae).  This subfamily contains about 14 genera<ref name=Christenhusz-2011/> and around 400 species.<ref name=Schuettpelz-2007/>

==Taxonomy==
===Phylogeny===
The following diagram shows a likely phylogenic relationship between Pteridoideae and the other the Pteridaceae subfamilies.<ref name=Schuettpelz-2008/>
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%
|label1 = '''[Pteridaceae](/source/Pteridaceae)'''
|1={{clade
   |1=[Cryptogrammoideae](/source/Cryptogrammoideae)
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |1=[Parkerioideae](/source/Parkerioideae) (syn. Ceratopteridoideae)
         |2=Pteridoideae}}
      |2={{clade
         |1=[Cheilanthoideae](/source/Cheilanthoideae)
         |2=[Vittarioideae](/source/Vittarioideae)}}
      }}
   }}
}}

The cladogram below shows one hypothesis for the evolutionary relationships among the genera of the Pteridoideae, based on a maximum likelihood analysis using six [plastid](/source/plastid) markers. The authors of the study identified four major clades. The ''Pteris'' and JAPSTT clades are found worldwide; the GAPCC clade is pantropical; and the ''Actiniopteris''+''Onychium'' clade is restricted to the [Old World](/source/Old_World).<ref name=ZhanZhouLuZhan17/>
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%
|label1=Pteridoideae
|1={{clade
   |label1=''Pteris'' clade
   |1=''[Pteris](/source/Pteris)''
   |2={{clade
      |label1=''Actiniopteris''+''Onychium'' clade
      |1={{clade
         |1=''[Actiniopteris](/source/Actiniopteris)''
         |2=''[Onychium](/source/Onychium_(plant))''
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |label1=GAPCC clade
         |1={{clade
            |1={{clade
               |1=''[Gastoniella](/source/Gastoniella)''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[Cerosora](/source/Cerosora)''
                  |2=''[Pityrogramma](/source/Pityrogramma)''
                  }}
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[Cosentinia](/source/Cosentinia)''
               |2=''[Anogramma](/source/Anogramma)''
               }}
            }}
         |label2=JAPSTT clade
         |2={{clade
            |1=''[Jamesonia](/source/Jamesonia)''
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[Pterozonium](/source/Pterozonium)''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[Tryonia](/source/Tryonia_(plant))''
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=''[Taenitis](/source/Taenitis)''
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=''[Syngramma](/source/Syngramma)''
                        |2=''[Austrogramme](/source/Austrogramme)''
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}

===Genera===
The [Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group](/source/Pteridophyte_Phylogeny_Group) classification of 2016 (PPG I) recognized 13 genera.<ref name=PPGI/> Shortly afterwards, the genus ''Gastoniella'' was created for three species formerly placed in ''Anogramma'' which a [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) analysis had shown to be distinct.<ref name=ZhanZhouLuZhan17/>
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* ''[Actiniopteris](/source/Actiniopteris)'' <small>Link</small>
* ''[Anogramma](/source/Anogramma)'' <small>Link</small>
* ''[Austrogramme](/source/Austrogramme)'' <small>E.Fourn.</small>
* ''[Cerosora](/source/Cerosora)'' <small>Domin</small>
* ''[Cosentinia](/source/Cosentinia)'' <small>Tod.</small>
* ''[Gastoniella](/source/Gastoniella)'' <small>Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang</small>
* ''[Jamesonia](/source/Jamesonia)'' <small>Hook. & Grev.</small>
* ''[Onychium](/source/Onychium_(plant))'' <small>Kaulf.</small>
* ''[Pityrogramma](/source/Pityrogramma)'' <small>Link</small>
* ''[Pteris](/source/Pteris)'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[Pterozonium](/source/Pterozonium)'' <small>Fée</small>
* ''[Syngramma](/source/Syngramma)'' <small>J.Sm.</small>
* ''[Taenitis](/source/Taenitis)'' <small>Willd. ex Schkuhr</small>
* ''[Tryonia](/source/Tryonia_(plant))'' <small>Schuettp.</small>
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|80em|refs=
<ref name=Christenhusz-2011>{{cite journal | first1=Maarten J. M. | last1=Christenhusz | first2=Xian-Chun | last2=Zhang | first3=Harald | last3=Schneider | title=A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns | journal=[Phytotaxa](/source/Phytotaxa) | volume=19 | pages=7–54 | date=18 February 2011 | doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 | bibcode=2011Phytx..19....7C | url=https://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf | issn=1179-3163}}</ref>

<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |mode=cs1 |author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|doi-access=free |bibcode=2016JSyEv..54..563. }}</ref>

<ref name=Schuettpelz-2007>[http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier1047.pdf Schuettpelz ''et al.'' 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820183832/http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier1047.pdf |date=2008-08-20 }} Eric Schuettpelz, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer: "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''44''' 1172–1185 (2007)</ref>

<ref name=Schuettpelz-2008>[http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier1109.pdf Schuettpelz & Pryer, 2008]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}  Eric Schuettpelz & Kathleen M. Pryer: "Ch. 15. Fern phylogeny" in ''Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes''], ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press (2008)</ref>

<ref name=ZhanZhouLuZhan17>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Zhang |first1=Liang |last2=Zhou |first2=Xin-Mao |last3=Lu |first3=Ngan Thi |last4=Zhang |first4=Li-Bing |date=2017 |title=Phylogeny of the fern subfamily Pteridoideae (Pteridaceae; Pteridophyta), with the description of a new genus: ''Gastoniella'' |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=109 |pages=59–72 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.037 |pmid=28049040 |bibcode=2017MolPE.109...59Z |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q9064103}}

Category:Pteridaceae
Category:Plant subfamilies

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pteridoideae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridoideae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridoideae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.