# Prut

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Prut.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prut
> Source revision: 1344761774
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|River in Eastern Europe; part of Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine}}
{{for|the village in Ukraine|Mahala, Chernivtsi Oblast}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Prut
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| name_other = Porata, Pyretus
| name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image = Prut near Hoverla.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption = Prut River near [Hoverla](/source/Hoverla), [Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast](/source/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast)
| map = Prut river.jpg
| map_size = 
| map_caption = Map of the Prut River
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 5
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[Ukraine](/source/Ukraine)|[Romania](/source/Romania)|[Moldova](/source/Moldova)}}
| subdivision_type2 = Oblasts/<br />Counties/<br />Districts
| subdivision_name2 = {{ubl|'''Ukraine''': {{hlist|[Ivano-Frankivsk](/source/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast)|[Chernivtsi](/source/Chernivtsi_Oblast)}}|'''Romania''': {{hlist|[Botoșani](/source/Boto%C8%99ani_County)|[Iași](/source/Ia%C8%99i_County)|[Vaslui](/source/Vaslui_County)|[Galați](/source/Gala%C8%9Bi_County)}}|'''Moldova''': {{hlist|[Briceni](/source/Briceni_District)|[Edineț](/source/Edine%C8%9B_District)|[Rîșcani](/source/R%C3%AE%C8%99cani_District)|[Glodeni](/source/Glodeni_District)|[Fălești](/source/F%C4%83le%C8%99ti_District)|[Ungheni](/source/Ungheni_District)|[Nisporeni](/source/Nisporeni_District)|[Hîncești](/source/H%C3%AEnce%C8%99ti_District)|[Leova](/source/Leova_District)|[Cantemir](/source/Cantemir_District)|[Cahul](/source/Cahul_District)}}}}
| subdivision_type3 = Cities
| subdivision_name3 = {{hlist|[Kolomyia](/source/Kolomyia)|[Chernivtsi](/source/Chernivtsi)|[Ungheni](/source/Ungheni)|[Leova](/source/Leova)|[Cahul](/source/Cahul)}}
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->| length = {{convert|953|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min = 
| width_avg = 
| width_max = 
| depth_min = 
| depth_avg = 
| depth_max = 
| discharge1_location = [mouth](/source/River_mouth)
| discharge1_min = 
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|110|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1 = [Mt. Hoverla](/source/Hoverla),
[Carpathian Mountains](/source/Carpathian_Mountains)
| source1_location = [Yablunytsia](/source/Yablunytsia), [Nadvirna Raion](/source/Nadvirna_Raion), [Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast](/source/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast), [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine)
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|48|9|16.9194|N|24|30|32.2194|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = 
| mouth = [Danube](/source/Danube)
| mouth_location = {{ubli|[Galați](/source/Gala%C8%9Bi), [Romania](/source/Romania)
|[Giurgiulești](/source/Giurgiule%C8%99ti), [Moldova](/source/Moldova)}}
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|45|28|8|N|28|12|28|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = 
| progression = {{RDanube}}
| river_system = 
| basin_size = {{convert|27540|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left = 
| tributaries_right = [Cheremosh](/source/Cheremosh), [Jijia](/source/Jijia)
| custom_label = 
| custom_data = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Prut River Headwaters
| designation1_date = 20 March 2019
| designation1_number = 2395<ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Prut River Headwaters|website=[Ramsar](/source/Ramsar_Convention) Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2395|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref>}}
}}

The '''Prut''' (also spelled in English as '''Pruth'''; {{IPA|ro|prut}}, {{langx|uk|Прут}}) is a river in [Eastern Europe](/source/Eastern_Europe). It is a left [tributary](/source/tributary) of the [Danube](/source/Danube),{{GeoSource|RO|Annex7|1022-1024}}{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|445-463|XIII.1}} and is {{Convert|953|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=prut>{{cite web|url=https://www.icpdr.org/main/sites/default/files/3.2%20Prut%20RBM%20-%20FR-inclAnx.pdf|title=Prut River Basin Management - Case Study|date=December 2006|publisher=Centre for Environmentally Sustainable Economic Policy|author=O. Islam |author2=A. Savin |author3=T. Belous |page=15}}</ref> Part of its course forms [Romania](/source/Romania)'s border with [Moldova](/source/Moldova) and [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine).

==Characteristics==
The Prut originates on the eastern slope of Mount [Hoverla](/source/Hoverla), in the [Carpathian Mountains](/source/Carpathian_Mountains) in [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine) ([Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast](/source/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast)). At first, the river flows to the north. Near [Yaremche](/source/Yaremche) it turns to the northeast, and near [Kolomyia](/source/Kolomyia) to the south-east. Having reached the border between Moldova and Romania, it turns even more to the south-east, and then to the south. It eventually joins the [Danube](/source/Danube) near [Giurgiulești](/source/Giurgiule%C8%99ti), east of [Galați](/source/Gala%C8%9Bi) and west of [Reni](/source/Reni%2C_Ukraine).

Between 1918 and 1939, the river was partly in [Poland](/source/Poland) and partly in [Greater Romania](/source/Greater_Romania) (Romanian: ''România Mare''). Prior to [World War I](/source/World_War_I), it served as a border between Romania and the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire). After [World War II](/source/World_War_II), the river once again denoted a border, this time between Romania and the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union). Nowadays, for a length of {{cvt|31|km}}, it forms the [border between Romania and Ukraine](/source/Romania%E2%80%93Ukraine_border), and for {{cvt|711|km}}, it forms the [border between Romania and Moldova](/source/Moldova%E2%80%93Romania_border).<ref name=prut/> It has a hydrographic basin of 27,540&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>,{{GeoSource|Danube||12}} of which  {{cvt|10,990|km2}} are in Romania{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|445-463|XIII.1}} and {{cvt|7,790|km2}} in Moldova. The largest city along its banks is [Chernivtsi](/source/Chernivtsi), [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine).

The [Stânca-Costești Dam](/source/St%C3%A2nca-Coste%C8%99ti_Dam), operated jointly by Moldova and Romania, is built on the Prut. There is also a Hydro-Electric Station in [Sniatyn](/source/Sniatyn) ([Ukraine](/source/Ukraine)). Ships travel from the river's mouth to the port city of [Leova](/source/Leova) (southern [Moldova](/source/Moldova)).

The lowermost part of the basin is strongly marshy. The average [discharge](/source/discharge_(hydrology)) at its [mouth](/source/River_mouth) is {{cvt|110|m3/s}}.{{GeoSource|Danube||12}} The average discharge at the city of Leova is {{cvt|69.2| m3/s}}. The slope of the river varies from 100 m/km (near the source) to 0.05 m/km (near the mouth). In the upper reaches (to Delyatyn) it has a mountainous character, with a steep right bank, sometimes the cross-sectional profile of the channel has the form of a ridge. Near the city of Yaremche is the waterfall of Probiy.

==Name==
The Prut was known in [Antiquity](/source/Classical_Antiquity) as the ''Pyretus'' ({{langx|grc|Πυρετός|Pyretós}}), or Scythian ''Porata'' (possibly),<ref>Herodotus, translated by Thomas Gaisford and edited by Peter Edmund Laurent, ''The Nine Books of the History of Herodotus'', Henry Slatter 1846, p. 299</ref> ''Hierasus'' ({{langx|grc|Ἱέρασος|Hiérasos|label=none}}) or ''Gerasius''.<ref>Peter Heather, ''The Goths'', Blackwell Publishing, 1998, p. 100</ref> Herodotus lists the Prut, under the name of Porata or Pyretus, as being among the five rivers flowing through the [Scythian](/source/Scythians) country which swell the Danube.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://perseus.uchicago.edu/perseus-cgi/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekFeb2011&getid=1&query=Hdt.+4.48.1|title=Perseus Under Philologic: Hdt. 4.48.1|website=perseus.uchicago.edu}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the second volume of the Ottoman-Bulgarian chronicles of Iman "Jagfar Tarihi" (1680) the Prut River is referred to as Burat. And in the Byzantine treatise of [Constantine Porphyrogennetos](/source/Constantine_VII) "[On the management of the empire](/source/De_Administrando_Imperio)" it is mentioned as the Brut river (Chap. 38) or as Burat (Chapter 42).

==Towns==

The following towns are situated along the river Prut, from source to mouth: [Vorokhta](/source/Vorokhta), [Yaremche](/source/Yaremche), [Deliatyn](/source/Deliatyn), [Lanchyn](/source/Lanchyn), [Kolomyia](/source/Kolomyia), [Zabolotiv](/source/Zabolotiv), [Sniatyn](/source/Sniatyn), [Nepolokivtsi](/source/Nepolokivtsi), [Luzhany](/source/Luzhany), [Chernivtsi](/source/Chernivtsi), [Novoselytsia](/source/Novoselytsia), [Darabani](/source/Darabani), [Lipcani](/source/Lipcani), [Ungheni](/source/Ungheni), [Leova](/source/Leova), [Cantemir](/source/Cantemir%2C_Moldova) and [Cahul](/source/Cahul)[Prisacani](/source/Prisacani)

==Tributaries==

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Prut (source to mouth):{{GeoSource|RO|Atlas|445-463|XIII.1}}

Left: [Turka](/source/Turka_(Prut)), [Chorniava](/source/Chorniava), [Sovytsia](/source/Sovytsia), [Rokytna](/source/Rokytna), [Rynhach](/source/Rynhach_(river)), [Cherlena](/source/Cherlena), [Larga (Briceni)](/source/Larga_(Briceni)), [Vilia](/source/Vilia_(Prut)), [Lopatnic](/source/Lopatnic_(river)), [Racovăț](/source/Racov%C4%83%C8%9B_(Prut)), [Ciuhur](/source/Ciuhur), [Camenca](/source/Camenca_(Prut)), [Delia](/source/Delia_(river)), [Nârnova](/source/N%C3%A2rnova), [Lăpușna](/source/L%C4%83pu%C8%99na_(Prut)), [Sărata](/source/S%C4%83rata_(Prut)), [Larga (Cantemir)](/source/Larga_(Cantemir))

Right: [Pistynka](/source/Pistynka), [Rybnytsia](/source/Rybnytsia), [Cheremosh](/source/Cheremosh), [Derelui](/source/Derelui), [Hertsa](/source/Hertsa_(river)), Poiana, Cornești, [Isnovăț](/source/Isnov%C4%83%C8%9B), Rădăuți, [Ghireni](/source/Ghireni), [Volovăț](/source/Volov%C4%83%C8%9B_(Prut)), Badu, [Bașeu](/source/Ba%C8%99eu), [Corogea](/source/Corogea), Berza Veche, Râioasa, [Soloneț](/source/Solone%C8%9B_(Prut)), [Cerchezoaia](/source/Cerchezoaia), [Jijia](/source/Jijia), [Bohotin](/source/Bohotin), [Moșna](/source/Mo%C8%99na_(Prut)), [Pruteț](/source/Prute%C8%9B), Gârla Boul Bătrân, Copăceana, Belciug, [Elan](/source/Elan_(Prut)), [Horincea](/source/Horincea), Oancea, Stoeneșa, Brănești, [Chineja](/source/Chineja)

==Historical events==

[[File:AlexanderYpsilantisPruth.jpg|thumb|left|''[Alexandros Ypsilantis](/source/Alexandros_Ypsilantis) crosses the Pruth [in 1822]'' by [Peter von Hess](/source/Peter_von_Hess), [Benaki Museum](/source/Benaki_Museum), [Athens](/source/Athens).]]
In 1538, the Ottoman army of [Suleiman the Magnificent](/source/Suleiman_the_Magnificent) crossed the Prut during the campaign of Karaboğdan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raillynews.com/2020/07/who-is-architect-sinan/|title=Who is Mimar Sinan?|date=July 24, 2020|website=RaillyNews}}</ref>

During the [Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1711](/source/Russo-Turkish_War_(1710%E2%80%931711)), on 19 July 1711 Russian forces initially divided among [Peter the Great](/source/Peter_the_Great)'s army on the west bank and [Boris Sheremetev](/source/Boris_Sheremetev)'s army on the east bank of the Pruth and allied with [Dimitrie Cantemir](/source/Dimitrie_Cantemir), the ruler of Moldova, met with the Ottoman army led by [Grand Vizier](/source/Grand_Vizier) [Baltaci Mehmed Pasha](/source/Baltaci_Mehmed_Pasha). The Turks and Crimean Tatars attacked first against Sheremetev, who then retreated to the other side to join Peter the Great. Afterwards the Russian army set up a defensive camp between [Stănilești](/source/St%C4%83nile%C8%99ti) and the river, which was then completely surrounded by the Ottoman army. Negotiations started on 21 July 1711 and the [Treaty of the Prut](/source/Treaty_of_the_Prut) was signed on 23 July 1711. After this treaty, Dimitrie Cantemir had to go in exile at Moscow. This treaty led to the end of local dynasties of kings and inauguration of Greek rulers from the Fanar Quarter of Istanbul ([Phanariote](/source/Phanariote)s).

During the [Russo-Turkish War of 1768-74](/source/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)), on 1 August 1770, Russian forces led by Field Marshal [Pyotr Rumyantsev](/source/Pyotr_Rumyantsev) defeated a larger Ottoman army led by Grand Vizier Ivazzade Halil Pasha in the [Battle of Kagul](/source/Battle_of_Kagul) on the Prut.

In 1821, the Greek Nationalist leader [Alexander Ypsilantis](/source/Alexander_Ypsilantis) crossed the Prut river at [Sculeni](/source/Sculeni), with the intention of touching off a rebellion in the [Danubian Principalities](/source/Danubian_Principalities). Though the [Wallachian uprising](/source/Wallachian_uprising_(1821)) ultimately failed —  due especially to irreconcilable differences between Ypsilantis and his Wallachian ally [Tudor Vladimirescu](/source/Tudor_Vladimirescu) — it did touch off the [Greek War of Independence](/source/Greek_War_of_Independence), leading to the [Kingdom of Greece](/source/Kingdom_of_Greece) gaining independence ten years later. In the Principalities it led to the end of Greek Phanariote rule, and indirectly to increasing self-government and eventually to the independence of [Romania](/source/Romania) several decades later. In Greek history, Ypsilantis' crossing of the Prut is an important historical event, commemorated in a famous painting displayed at [Athens](/source/Athens).

==Popular culture==
[Sydir Vorobkevych](/source/Sydir_Vorobkevych): '''Within that Prut Valley''' (Над Прутом у лузі).<ref>[http://www.ukrweekly.com/archive/pdf1/1933/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1933-02.pdf#search="1933" The Ukrainian Weekly 1933-02.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229020317/http://ukrweekly.com/archive/pdf1/1933/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1933-02.pdf#search= |date=2017-12-29 }} {{in lang|en}}</ref>

Within that Prut Valley a cabin rests close<br />
In which lives a lassie—a beautiful rose:<br />
Her eyes like the bright stars that lighten the sky;<br />
When you see them, laddie, you'll pause with a sigh.

Within that Prut Valley the moon does not shine,<br />
'Tis only a lover has come to his shrine.<br />
A sweet conversation in murmur now goes<br />
While dreamy old river just quietly flows.

Within that Prut Valley the flowers are plucked<br />
And wreathes for the wedding with [myrtle](/source/Myrtus) are tucked;<br />
Inside of the cabin play fiddles and bass<br />
While friends sing together: To their Happiness!<br />

Translated by [Waldimir Semenyna](/source/Waldimir_Semenyna) (13 October 1933, ''[Ukrainian Weekly](/source/Ukrainian_Weekly)'').

==Bridges==
*[Lipcani–Rădăuți-Prut Bridge](/source/Lipcani%E2%80%93R%C4%83d%C4%83u%C8%9Bi-Prut_Bridge)
*[Eiffel Bridge, Ungheni](/source/Eiffel_Bridge%2C_Ungheni)
*[Costești-Stânca](/source/Coste%C8%99ti-St%C3%A2nca)
* Fălciu-Cantemir
* Oancea-Cahul
* Galați-Giurgiulești

==See also==
*[Moldavia](/source/Moldavia)
*[Pokuttya](/source/Pokuttya)

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Skelia sphinx.JPG|Skelia sphinx
File:Pruth Giurgiulesti.JPG|Prut near [Giurgiulești](/source/Giurgiule%C8%99ti), [Cahul District](/source/Cahul_District)
File:01898 Brücke über den Pruth (Prut) bei Jaremcze (Jaremze) von Karl Jeczmieniowski.jpg|Bridge over the Prut at [Yaremche](/source/Yaremche). Drawing by Karl Jeczmieniowski, 1893
File:Banks of the Pruth, the boundary between the Russian territory and Moldavia.jpg|Banks of the Prut in an 1876 edition of ''[The Illustrated London News](/source/The_Illustrated_London_News)''
File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F016198-0033, Rumänien, Brückenbau über den Pruth.jpg|German engineers building a [pontoon bridge](/source/pontoon_bridge) across the Prut River during the advance towards [Uman](/source/Battle_of_Uman), 1941
File:Prut at its beginning.jpg|Prut at its beginning
File:Prut River im. 1499.jpg|Prut River between [Dămideni](/source/Rom%C3%A2ne%C8%99ti%2C_Boto%C8%99ani) (Romania) and [Balatina](/source/Balatina) (Moldova)
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Prut River}}
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CP%5CR%5CPrutRiver.htm Prut River] at the [Encyclopedia of Ukraine](/source/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine)

{{Danube}}
{{Rivers of Ukraine}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Portal bar|Romania}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prut River}}
Category:Prut
Category:Prut basin
Category:International rivers of Europe
Category:Moldova–Romania border
Category:Ramsar sites in Ukraine
Category:Rivers of Botoșani County
Category:Rivers of Chernivtsi Oblast
Category:Rivers of Galați County
Category:Rivers of Iași County
Category:Rivers of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Category:Rivers of Moldova
Category:Rivers of Romania
Category:Rivers of Vaslui County
Category:Border rivers
Category:Romania–Soviet Union border

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Prut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prut) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prut?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.