# Provanna

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{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|fossil_range = {{fossil range|Cretaceous|Recent|[Cretaceous](/source/Cretaceous)-Recent}}
|image = Provanna hirokoae.png
|image_caption = ''[Provanna hirokoae](/source/Provanna_hirokoae)''
|taxon = Provanna
|authority = [Dall](/source/William_Healey_Dall), 1918
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" />
|synonyms = ''Trichotropis (Provanna)'' <small>Dall, 1918</small> (original rank)
|type_species = ''Trichotropis (Provanna) lomana'' <small>Dall, 1918</small>
|display_parents= 3
}}

'''''Provanna''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [sea snail](/source/sea_snail)s, [marine](/source/marine_(ocean)) [gastropod](/source/gastropod) [mollusk](/source/mollusk)s in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Provannidae](/source/Provannidae).<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|391510|''Provanna'' Dall, 1918||4 May 2010}}</ref>

The species was named after Dall's first wife.

This is a very old genus with species already existing in [Cretaceous](/source/Cretaceous) seep deposits off Japan (93 - 100 million years ago). The Caribbean and the Pacific fauna were isolated about 3 million years ago by the closure of the [Central American Isthmus](/source/Central_American_Isthmus).

==Description==
The apical whorls of the [protoconch](/source/protoconch) are lacking through decollation. The opening is then sealed with a calcareous plug. The sculpture of the ovate fusiform shell shows scattered sigmoidal axial ribs that are crossed by spiral cords. The whorls are broad.

==Habitat==
They are common in [hydrothermal vents](/source/hydrothermal_vents), hydrocarbon cold seeps and (more rarely) on deep-water food-falls, depending on the species. Most species feed on filamentous bacteria, while others feed on [detritus](/source/detritus).
 
==Species==
[[File:Provanna alexi.png|thumb|''[Provanna alexi](/source/Provanna_alexi)'']]
Species within the genus ''Provanna'' include:

* ''[Provanna abyssalis](/source/Provanna_abyssalis)'' <small>Okutani & Fujikura, 2002</small><ref>{{WRMS species|395595|''Provanna abyssalis'' Okutani & Fujikura, 2002||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna admetoides](/source/Provanna_admetoides)'' <small>Warén & Ponder, 1991</small><ref>{{WRMS species|419518|''Provanna admetoides'' Warén & Ponder, 1991||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[Provanna alexi](/source/Provanna_alexi)'' <small>Amano & Little, 2014</small> 
* † ''[Provanna antiqua](/source/Provanna_antiqua)'' <small>Squires, 1995</small> 
* † ''[Provanna azurini](/source/Provanna_azurini)'' <small>Kiel, Aguilar & Kase, 2020</small>
* ''[Provanna beebei](/source/Provanna_beebei)'' <small>Linse, Nye, Copley & C. Chen, 2019</small>
* ''[Provanna buccinoides](/source/Provanna_buccinoides)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1993</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450001|''Provanna buccinoides'' Warén & Bouchet, 1993||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna chevalieri](/source/Provanna_chevalieri)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 2009</small><ref>{{WRMS species|458599|''Provanna chevalieri'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna cingulata](/source/Provanna_cingulata)'' <small>C. Chen, Watanabe & Ohara, 2018</small>
* ''[Provanna clathrata](/source/Provanna_clathrata)'' <small>Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016</small>
* ''[Provanna cooki](/source/Provanna_cooki)'' <small>Linse, Nye, Copley & C. Chen, 2019</small>
* ''[Provanna fenestrata](/source/Provanna_fenestrata)'' <small>C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019</small>
* † ''[Provanna fortis](/source/Provanna_fortis)'' <small>Hybertsen & Kiel, 2018</small> 
* ''[Provanna glabra](/source/Provanna_glabra)'' <small>Okutani, Tsuchida & Fujikura, 1992</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450002|''Provanna glabra'' Okutani, Tsuchida & Fujikura, 1992||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna goniata](/source/Provanna_goniata)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1986</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450003|''Provanna goniata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[Provanna hirokoae](/source/Provanna_hirokoae)'' <small>Amano & Little, 2014</small>
* ''[Provanna ios](/source/Provanna_ios)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1986</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450004|''Provanna ios'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna kuroshimensis](/source/Provanna_kuroshimensis)'' <small>Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016</small>
* ''[Provanna laevis](/source/Provanna_laevis)'' <small>Warén & Ponder, 1991</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450005|''Provanna laevis'' Warén & Ponder, 1991||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna lomana](/source/Provanna_lomana)'' <small>(Dall, 1918)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450006|''Provanna lomana'' (Dall, 1918)||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna lucida](/source/Provanna_lucida)'' <small>Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016</small>
* ''[Provanna macleani](/source/Provanna_macleani)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1989</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450007|''Provanna macleani'' Warén & Bouchet, 1989||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[Provanna marshalli](/source/Provanna_marshalli)'' <small>Saether, Little & K. A. Campbell, 2010</small>
* ''[Provanna muricata](/source/Provanna_muricata)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1986</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450008|''Provanna muricata'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[Provanna nakagawaensis](/source/Provanna_nakagawaensis)'' <small>Kaim, Jenkins & Hikida, 2009</small>
* ''[Provanna nassariaeformis](/source/Provanna_nassariaeformis)'' <small>Okutani, 1990</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450009|''Provanna nassariaeformis'' Okutani, 1990||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna pacifica](/source/Provanna_pacifica)'' <small>(Dall, 1908)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450010|''Provanna pacifica'' (Dall, 1908)||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* † ''[Provanna pelada](/source/Provanna_pelada)'' <small>Kiel, Hybertsen, Hyžný & Klompmaker, 2019</small> 
* ''[Provanna reticulata](/source/Provanna_reticulata)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 2009</small><ref>{{WRMS species|458600|''Provanna reticulata'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna sculpta](/source/Provanna_sculpta)'' <small>Warén & Ponder, 1991</small><ref>{{WRMS species|419519|''Provanna sculpta'' Warén & Ponder, 1991||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna segonzaci](/source/Provanna_segonzaci)'' <small>Warén & Ponder, 1991</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450011|''Provanna segonzaci'' Warén & Ponder, 1991||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna shinkaiae](/source/Provanna_shinkaiae)'' <small>Okutani & Fujikura, 2002</small><ref>{{WRMS species|395596|''Provanna shinkaiae'' Okutani & Fujikura, 2002||4 May 2010}}</ref>
* ''[Provanna stephanos](/source/Provanna_stephanos)'' <small>C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019</small>
* ''[Provanna subglabra](/source/Provanna_subglabra)'' <small>Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016</small> 
*† ''[Provanna tappuensis](/source/Provanna_tappuensis)'' <small>Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008</small> 
*† ''[Provanna urahoroensis](/source/Provanna_urahoroensis)'' <small>Amano & Jenkins, 2013</small> 
* ''[Provanna variabilis](/source/Provanna_variabilis)'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1986</small><ref>{{WRMS species|450012|''Provanna variabilis'' Warén & Bouchet, 1986||4 May 2010}}</ref>

Several fossil species have been described, predominantly identified from hydrocarbon seep deposits (Saether et al., 2010), including:
* ''[Provanna antiqua](/source/Provanna_antiqua)'' <small>Squires & Goedert, 1995</small> <ref>Steffen Kiel, New Records and Species of Molluscs from Tertiary Cold-Seep Carbonates in Washington State, USA; Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 80, No. 1 (Jan., 2006), pp. 121-137</ref>
* ''[Provanna marshalli](/source/Provanna_marshalli)'' <small>Saether, Little & Campbell, 2010</small>
* ''[Provanna nakagawaensis](/source/Provanna_nakagawaensis)'' <small>Kaim, Jenkins & Hikida, 2009</small>
* ''[Provanna tappuensis](/source/Provanna_tappuensis)'' <small>Kaim, Jenkins & Warén, 2008</small>

There also are several fossil species known, but not formally described and named, from Central America, Japan, and possibly the Philippines (see Saether et al., 2010).
;Species brought into synonymy:
*  ''Provanna marianensis'' <small>Okutani & Fujikura, 1990</small>: synonym of  ''[Desbruyeresia marianensis](/source/Desbruyeresia_marianensis)'' <small>(Okutani & Fujikura, 1990)</small>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Healy,  J. M.  1990. ''Taxonomic affinities of the deep-sea  genus Provanna:  new evidence from sperm structure''; J. Molluscan Stud.  56: 119-122 
* Warén, A. & Bouchet, P. (1993). New records, species, genera, and a new family of gastropods from hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps. Zoologica Scripta. 22: 1-90.
* Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. 2009 ''Recent Mollusca''. pp 196–219 in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.), ''The New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia''. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch
* Saether, K.P., Little, C.T.S. & Campbell, K.A. (2010) ''A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand.'' ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' 55, 507–517.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Provanna}}
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3332127 Dall, W. H. (1918). ''Description of new species of shells, chiefly from Magdalena Bay, Lower California.'' Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 31: 5-8]
* [https://doi.org/10.18941/venus.74.1-2_1 Sasaki T., Ogura T., Watanabe H.K. & Fujikura K. (2016). Four new species of Provanna (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from vents and a seep off Nansei-shoto area, southwestern Japan. Venus. 74 (1-2): 1-17]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7252287}}

Category:Provanna
Category:Provannidae
Category:Taxa named by William Healey Dall

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Provanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provanna) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provanna?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.