# Protohippus

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***Protohippus*** is an extinct three-toed [genus](/source/Genus) of [horse](/source/Horse).[3] It was roughly the size of a modern donkey. Fossil evidence suggests that it lived during the Late Miocene ([Clarendonian](/source/Clarendonian) to [Hemphillian](/source/Hemphillian)), from about 13.6 Ma to 5.3 Ma.[4]

Analysis of *Protohippus'* skull and teeth suggests that it is most closely related to the genus *[Calippus](/source/Calippus_(mammal))*.[4]

## Species

- *P. vetus*
- *P. perditus*
- *P. supremus* (also *P. simus*)
- *P. gidleyi*

## See also

- *[Eohippus](/source/Eohippus)*
- *[Mesohippus](/source/Mesohippus)*

## References

1. Leidy, Joseph (1858). ["Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition"](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47535620). *Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia*. **10**: 20–29. [JSTOR 4059296](https://www.jstor.org/stable/4059296)

1. Leidy, Joseph (1869). ["The Extinct Mammalian Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska: Including an Account of Some Allied Forms from Other Localities, Together with a Synopsis of the Mammalian Remains of North America"](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35884887). *Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia*. **7**: 275–279, 401. Ser. 2.

1. MacFadden, Bruce J. & Dobie, James L. (1998). "Late Miocene Three-Toed Horse Protohippus (Mammalia, Equidae) from Southern Alabama". *Journal of Paleontology*. **72** (1): 149–152. [Bibcode:1998JPal...72..149M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JPal...72..149M). [doi:10.1017/S0022336000024082](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000024082). [JSTOR 1306685](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1306685). [S2CID 132815106](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:132815106)

1. Hulbert, Richard C. Jr. (1988). ["*Calippus* and *Protohippus* (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Miocene (Barstovian-Early Hemphillian) of the Gulf Coastal Plain"](https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/5314/7180/5153/Vol-32-No-3.PDF). *Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences*. **32** (3): 221–340.

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