# Prolamin

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{{Short description|Type of plant storage protein}}
{{redirect|Prolamine|the heterocyclic compound|Pyrrolidine}}
'''Prolamins''' are a group of plant [storage protein](/source/storage_protein)s characterised by a high [glutamine](/source/glutamine) and [proline](/source/proline) amino acid content. They are found in plants, mainly in the seeds of cereal grains such as [wheat](/source/wheat) ([gliadin](/source/gliadin)), [barley](/source/barley) ([hordein](/source/hordein)), [rye](/source/rye) ([secalin](/source/secalin)), [corn](/source/maize) ([zein](/source/zein)), [sorghum](/source/sorghum) ([kafirin](/source/kafirin)), and [oats](/source/oats) ([avenin](/source/avenin)). They have poor solubility in water and solubilise best in strong alcohol (70–80%), light acid, and alkaline solutions. The prolamins of the tribe [Triticeae](/source/Triticeae), such as wheat [gliadin](/source/gliadin), and related proteins (see [Triticeae glutens](/source/Triticeae_glutens)) are known to trigger [coeliac disease](/source/coeliac_disease), an autoimmune condition, in genetically predisposed individuals.<ref>Shewry PR, Halford NG. Cereal seed storage proteins: structures, propertin utilization. ''J Exp Bot'' 2002;53:947-58. PMID__ 11912237.</ref>

Maize and sorghum prolamins are sorted by molecular weight into four classes, α, β, γ and δ. Alpha- and delta- prolamins cluster in a broad phylogenetic group (Group 1). The rest cluster into Group 2. Group 1 is widely duplicated in the two plants.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holding |first1=DR |title=Recent advances in the study of prolamin storage protein organization and function. |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |date=2014 |volume=5 |pages=276 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2014.00276 |pmid=24999346|pmc=4064455 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A database of Triticeae prolamins (glutens) is available.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bromilow |first1=S |last2=Gethings |first2=LA |last3=Buckley |first3=M |last4=Bromley |first4=M |last5=Shewry |first5=PR |last6=Langridge |first6=JI |last7=Clare Mills |first7=EN |title=A curated gluten protein sequence database to support development of proteomics methods for determination of gluten in gluten-free foods. |journal=Journal of Proteomics |date=23 June 2017 |volume=163 |pages=67–75 |doi=10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.026 |pmid=28385663|pmc=5479479 |doi-access=free }}</ref> There does not seem to be an analysis that tries to cluster both sources of prolamins into a grand classification.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}

== See also ==

* [Gluten-related disorders](/source/Gluten-related_disorders)

* [Oat sensitivity](/source/Oat_sensitivity)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
* [https://pfam.xfam.org/clan/Prolamin Pfam clan Prolamin] - a group of prolamin N-terminal domains with similar disulfide-bonding patterns

Category:Glycoproteins
P

{{protein-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Prolamin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolamin) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolamin?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.