# Production fluid

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**Production fluid**, or well fluid, is the [fluid](/source/Fluid) mixture of [oil](/source/Oil), [gas](/source/Natural_gas) and [water](/source/Water) in [formation fluid](/source/Formation_fluid) that flows to the surface of an [oil well](/source/Oil_well) from a [reservoir](/source/Oil_reservoir). Its consistency and composition varies.

Fluids may be described by a multitude of characteristics including:

- Composition - the quantity of every molecular component within the fluid, eg methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, etc

- Water cut - the proportion of the fluid, which is water rather than hydrocarbons.
- [API gravity](/source/API_gravity) - the oilfield measurement of the weight of the hydrocarbons.
- GOR - Gas to oil ratio describing how many [standard cubic feet](/source/Standard_cubic_feet) of gas can be obtained for every [stock tank barrel](/source/Barrel_(unit)) of oil.
- [H2S](/source/Hydrogen_sulfide) - the concentration of this gas. Fluids with a high concentration of H2S are described as "sour".
- Contaminants such as mercury which may require special material selection and handling
- BS&W - Base sediment and water which settles out during storage

In addition physical properties may include:

- Wellhead flowing pressure
- Wellhead shut-in pressure
- Wellhead flowing temperature

## See also

- [Produced water](/source/Produced_water)

## External links

- [Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary: produced fluid](http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=produced%20fluid) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120716211454/http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=produced%20fluid) 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Production fluid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_fluid) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_fluid?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.