# President of Iran

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Head of government of Iran

For the list, see [List of presidents of Iran](/source/List_of_presidents_of_Iran).

President of the Islamic Republic of Iran رئیس جمهور ایران (Persian) Emblem Flag of Iran Incumbent Masoud Pezeshkian since 28 July 2024 Presidential Administration Style Mr. President[1] Type Head of state[2][3] Head of government Acting Head of the Executive Branch[a][4] Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces Historical: Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces (1980–1981) Status Second-highest ranking official[b] Member of Cabinet Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution (Chairman) Expediency Discernment Council Supreme National Security Council (Chairman) Supreme Council of Cyberspace (Chairman) Residence Sa'dabad Complex Seat Presidential Administration building, Pasteur Street, Tehran Appointer Direct vote Term length 4 years, renewable once consecutively Formation 4 February 1980; 46 years ago (1980-02-04) First holder Abolhassan Banisadr Deputy First Vice President Website Official website ^ Except in matters directly related to the supreme leader. ^ Ranked after the supreme leader.

The **president of the Islamic Republic of Iran**[a] is the [head of government](/source/Head_of_government) and the second-highest ranking official of [Iran](/source/Iran), after the [supreme leader](/source/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran). While the president is also Iran's [head of state](/source/Head_of_state), the system of government of the [Islamic Revolution](/source/Islamic_Revolution) provides that the president must perform his functions in conformity with the directives of the supreme leader, who is the highest political and religious authority in the country.

The office was established after the adoption of the [new constitution](/source/Constitution_of_Iran) following the [Iranian Revolution](/source/Iranian_Revolution) of 1979. The [first presidential election](/source/1980_Iranian_presidential_election) was held in 1980. The president is the second in command of the [executive branch](/source/Executive_branch) of [government](/source/Government_of_Iran) after the supreme leader, and chairperson of the [cabinet](/source/Cabinet_of_Iran), and is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the government. The president answers to the supreme leader and executes his [decrees](/source/Decree).

The president appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament and the supreme leader, who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers and [vice presidents](/source/Vice_presidents_of_Iran) at any time. The president issues decrees, sends and receives foreign ambassadors, signs referendum results and legislation approved by parliament and the judiciary, and signs treaties, protocols, contracts, after parliamentary approval. The president is listed in the United Nations' "Heads of State, Heads of Government" as the country's head of state, rather than its supreme leader.[5]

The president is elected for a four-year term in a national [election](/source/Election) by [universal adult suffrage](/source/Universal_adult_suffrage) by Iranians of at least 18 years of age, and can only be reelected once if in a consecutive manner. Candidates for the presidency must be approved by the [Guardian Council](/source/Guardian_Council). [Masoud Pezeshkian](/source/Masoud_Pezeshkian) is currently the president of Iran, after being elected in the [2024 Iranian presidential election](/source/2024_Iranian_presidential_election) and being officially endorsed by the supreme leader.

## History

Main article: [List of presidents of Iran](/source/List_of_presidents_of_Iran)

Politics of Iran Government of Iran • Constitution of Iran Leadership Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist Assembly of Experts Chairman: Mohammad-Ali Movahedi Kermani First Deputy Chairman: Hashem Hosseini Bushehri Second Deputy Chairman: Alireza Arafi Executive President (list) Masoud Pezeshkian First Vice President (list) Mohammad Reza Aref Supervisor of Presidential Administration Mohammad Ja'far Ghaempanah Head of President's Office Mohsen Haji-Mirzaei Spokesperson of the Government Fatemeh Mohajerani Cabinet Government of Masoud Pezeshkian Legislative Islamic Consultative Assembly Speaker: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf First Vice: Ali Nikzad Second Vice Hamid-Reza Haji Babaee Guardian Council De facto leader: Ahmad Jannati Secretary: Ahmad Jannati Judicial Chief Justice Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ezhe'i Attorney General Mohammad Movahedi-Azad Ministry of Justice Minister: Amin Hossein Rahimi Supreme Audit Court President: Unknown Supreme Court Head: Mohammad Jafar Montazeri Islamic Revolutionary Court Special Clerical Court Head: Mohammad Jafar Montazeri General Inspection Office High Council for Human rights Secretary: Nasser Seraj Supreme councils Supreme National Security Council Chairman: Masoud Pezeshkian (as President) Secretary: Mohammad Bagher Zolghadr Defence Council Chairman: Masoud Pezeshkian (as President) Secretary: Vacant Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution Chairman: Masoud Pezeshkian (as President) Secretary: Abdol Hossein Khosrow Panah Expediency Discernment Council Chairman: Sadiq Larijani Secretary: Mohammad Bagher Zolghadr Spokesperson: Mohsen Dehnavi Local government Local councils Elections Democracy Election Office Guardian Council Recent and future elections Supreme Leader: 1989 2026 Presidential: 2021 2024 Next Legislative: 2020 2024 Experts: 2016 2024 Local: 2021 2025 Political ideologies and factions Main factions Reformists Principlists ideologies Conservatism Liberalism Monarchism Nationalism Pan-Iranism Socialism Intellectual backdrop Anti-capitalism Hossein Borujerdi Ahmad Fardid Islamic Government Ruhollah Khomeini Propaganda in Iran Ali Shariati Sayyid Qutb Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Abbas Araghchi Diplomatic missions of / in Iran Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Related topics Armed Forces Taxation Iran portal Politics portal Other countries v t e

President [Ali Khamenei](/source/Ali_Khamenei) visiting a battlefield during the [Iran–Iraq War](/source/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War), August 1988

After the [Iranian Revolution](/source/Iranian_Revolution) of early 1979 and then the [Iranian Islamic Republic referendum](/source/1979_Iranian_Islamic_Republic_referendum) in March, the new government needed to craft a new constitution. The religious leader [Ruhollah Khomeini](/source/Ruhollah_Khomeini) ordered an election for the [Assembly of Experts](/source/Assembly_of_Experts), the body tasked with writing the constitution. The assembly presented the constitution on 24 October 1979, and Khomeini and Prime Minister [Mehdi Bazargan](/source/Mehdi_Bazargan) approved it.[6]

The 1979 Constitution designated the religious leader as the [supreme leader of Iran](/source/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran), with executive power divided between the president, in a largely ceremonial role, and the [prime minister](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Iran), holding the real executive power.[7] Executive power was centralised through [amendment of the constitution](/source/1989_Iranian_constitutional_referendum) in 1989, with the post of prime minister being abolished and all his powers transferred to the president.[8][9]

The [first Iranian presidential election](/source/1980_Iranian_presidential_election) was held in January 1980, and resulted in the election of [Abolhassan Banisadr](/source/Abolhassan_Banisadr) with 76% of the votes. Banisadr was impeached in June 1981, by [Parliament](/source/Parliament_of_Iran).[10] Until the [early election in July 1981](/source/July_1981_Iranian_presidential_election), the duties of the president were undertaken by the Provisional Presidential Council.[11] [Mohammad-Ali Rajai](/source/Mohammad-Ali_Rajai) was elected president on 24 July 1981, and took office on 2 August. Rajai was in office for less than one month because he and his prime minister [were assassinated in a bombing](/source/1981_Iranian_Prime_Minister's_office_bombing).[12]

A Provisional Presidential Council filled the office until 13 October 1981, when [Ali Khamenei](/source/Ali_Khamenei) was elected president. Khamenei served as president until 1989, when he succeeded Khomeini as the supreme leader of Iran. In 1989, [Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani](/source/Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani) was elected as the president, and served until 1997. He was succeeded by [Mohammad Khatami](/source/Mohammad_Khatami), who served from 1997 to 2005.[13]

The [August 2005 election](/source/2005_Iranian_presidential_election) resulted in a victory for [Mahmoud Ahmadinejad](/source/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad).[13] The [June 2009 election](/source/2009_Iranian_presidential_election) was reported as a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the incumbent candidate, although this is greatly disputed by supporters of rival candidates, who noted the statistical anomalies in voting reports and large-scale overvoting in the officially announced tallies.[14]

[Hassan Rouhani](/source/Hassan_Rouhani) was elected in 2013, and spent eight years in office until 2021.[15] He was succeeded by [Ebrahim Raisi](/source/Ebrahim_Raisi). On 19 May 2024, [a helicopter carrying Raisi crashed](/source/2024_Varzaqan_helicopter_crash) in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. There were no survivors at the crash site.[16] Raisi was the second president of Iran to have died in office.[12] [Taghi Rahmani](/source/Taghi_Rahmani), the husband of detained activist and Nobel laureate [Narges Mohammadi](/source/Narges_Mohammadi), said Raisi's death would not structurally change the Iranian leadership under Khamenei.[17] Following his death, first vice president [Mohammad Mokhber](/source/Mohammad_Mokhber) was designated as acting president until new elections could be held on 28 June.[18] [Masoud Pezeshkian](/source/Masoud_Pezeshkian) won the presidential runoff election in July 2024[19] and was appointed as the President on 28 July 2024.[20][21]

## Qualifications and election

Chapter IX of the [Constitution of Iran](/source/Constitution_of_Iran) sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates. The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the [supreme leader](/source/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran).[22] The president of Iran is elected for a four-year term in a national [election](/source/Election) by [universal adult suffrage](/source/Universal_adult_suffrage) by everyone of at least 18 years of age.[23] Presidents can only be reelected once if in a consecutive manner.[24]

Candidates for the presidency must be approved by the [Guardian Council](/source/Guardian_Council), which is a twelve-member body consisting of six clerics selected directly by the supreme leader (who may also dismiss them and replace them at any time), and six lawyers proposed by the supreme leader–appointed [head of Iran's judicial system](/source/Chief_Justice_of_Iran) and subsequently approved by the [Majles](/source/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly).[25][26] According to the Constitution of Iran candidates for the presidency must possess the following qualifications:

- Iranian origin;

- administrative capacity and resourcefulness;

- a good past record;

- trustworthiness and piety; and

- convinced belief in the fundamental principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the official [madhhab](/source/Madhhab) of the country.[27][28]

Within these guidelines the council [vetoes](/source/Veto) candidates who it deems unacceptable. The approval process is considered to be a check on the president's power, and usually amounts to a small number of candidates being approved.[29] In [the 1997 election](/source/1997_Iranian_presidential_election), for example, only four out of 238 presidential candidates were approved by the council.[30][31]

Some Western observers have routinely criticized the approvals process as a way for the council and supreme leader to ensure that only conservative and like-minded Islamic fundamentalists can win office.[32] The council denies this, citing approval of [Iranian reformists](/source/Iranian_reformists) in several elections. The council rejects most of the candidates stating that they are not "a well-known political figure", a requirement by the current law.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

The president must be elected with a [simple majority](/source/Majority) of the popular vote. If no candidate receives a majority in the first round, a [runoff election](/source/Two-round_system) is held between the top two candidates. The president is then sworn in by the [Parliament](/source/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly).[33]

### Legality of a woman to be candidate

The legality of women running for presidency depends upon the meaning of one of the criteria the candidate is required to fill. The 115th article of the Iranian constitution states that the president must be elected from among "religious and political *men*" or "religious and political *personalities*", depending on the interpretation ([Persian](/source/Persian_language): رجال مذهبی و سیاسی, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Persian): *rejāl-e mazhabi va siāsi*).[27] In 1997, the Guardian Council used the first interpretation to reject the candidature of [Azam Taleghani](/source/Azam_Taleghani), the first woman to run for presidency. However, before the 2021 presidential election, the guardian council's spokesman said that legally there is no impediment for a woman to be president.[34]

### Inability

The supreme leader holds the authority to dismiss the elected president if the president has been impeached by Parliament or found guilty of violating the Constitution by the Supreme Court.[35]

According to the article 131 of the [Iranian constitution](/source/Constitution_of_Iran), "In case of death, dismissal, resignation, absence, or illness lasting longer than two months of the President or when his term in office has ended and a new president has not been elected due to some impediments, or similar other circumstances, his [first deputy](/source/First_Vice_President_of_Iran) shall assume, with the approval of the [leader](/source/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran), the powers and functions of the president. The Council, consisting of the [speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly](/source/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly#Leadership), [Chief Justice](/source/Chief_Justice_of_Iran), and the first deputy of the president, is obliged to arrange for a new president to be elected within a maximum period of fifty days. In case of death of the first deputy to the president, or other matters which prevent him to perform his duties or when the president does not have a first deputy, the Leader shall appoint another person in his place."[36]

## Powers and responsibilities

[Presidential Administration of Iran](/source/Presidential_Administration_of_Iran), office of the President in Pastor Street, Tehran

The president is the second-highest ranking official in Iran after the supreme leader, and is responsible for the day-to-day running of the government.[37][22] The president answers to the supreme leader, who functions as the country's [head of state](/source/Head_of_state).[38][39] Unlike the executive in other countries, the president of Iran does not have full control over the government, which is ultimately under the direct control of the supreme leader.[38][39] The president's duties include the following, subject to supervision, policy guidance and approval by the supreme leader:[40]

- Second in command (after the supreme leader) of the [executive branch](/source/Executive_branch) of [government](/source/Government_of_Iran) and chairperson of the [cabinet](/source/Cabinet_of_Iran)

- The deputy [commander-in-chief](/source/Commander-in-chief) of the [Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces](/source/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces)

- Declares a [state of emergency](/source/State_of_emergency) after passage by the parliament (the proclamation of martial law is forbidden)

- Heads the [Supreme National Security Council](/source/Supreme_National_Security_Council)

- Heads the [Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution](/source/Supreme_Council_of_the_Cultural_Revolution)

- Appoints the [first vice president of Iran](/source/Vice_President_of_Iran) and other vice presidents

- Nominates [Cabinet](/source/Cabinet_of_Iran) members to the [Parliament](/source/Parliament_of_Iran)

- Sends and receives all foreign ambassadors

- Issues [decrees](/source/Decrees)

- Issues [medals](/source/Medals) in honor of service for the nation

- Signs treaties, protocols, contracts, after parliamentary approval

- Signs referendum results and legislation approved by parliament and the judiciary

Presidential Guard

The president appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament and the supreme leader, who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers and [vice presidents](/source/Vice_President_of_Iran) at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision.[41][42][43] The supreme leader also directly chooses the ministers of defense, intelligence, foreign affairs, and interior, as well as certain other ministries, such as the Science Ministry.[44]

Iran's foreign policy is directly controlled by the [Office of the Supreme Leader](/source/Office_of_the_Supreme_Leader_of_Iran), with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' role limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. All of Iran's [ambassadors](/source/Ambassadors) to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the [Quds Force](/source/Quds_Force), which reports directly to the supreme leader.[45]

The president functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the supreme leader, including: signing [treaties](/source/Treaties) with foreign countries and international organizations; and administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs.[46][47] The supreme leader [Ali Khamenei](/source/Ali_Khamenei), who ruled Iran for more than three decades from 1989 until his [assassination](/source/Assassination_of_Ali_Khamenei) in 2026, has issued decrees and made final decisions on [economy](/source/Economy_of_iran), [education](/source/Education_in_iran), environment, [foreign policy](/source/Foreign_relations_of_iran), national planning, and almost everything else in the country.[45][46][48][49][50][51][52] Khamenei has also made final decisions on the degree of transparency in [elections in Iran](/source/Elections_in_Iran),[22] and has fired and reinstated [presidential cabinet](/source/Cabinet_of_Iran) appointments.[41][42]

## Latest election

Main article: [2024 Iranian presidential election](/source/2024_Iranian_presidential_election)

Candidate Party or alliance First round Second round Votes % Votes % Masoud Pezeshkian Independent Reformists 10,415,991 44.36 16,384,403 54.76 Saeed Jalili Independent Principlists 9,473,298 40.35 13,538,179 45.24 Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran Principlists 3,383,340 14.41 Mostafa Pourmohammadi Combatant Clergy Association Principlists 206,397 0.88 Total 23,479,026 100.00 29,922,582 100.00 Valid votes 23,479,026 95.70 29,922,582 98.01 Invalid/blank votes 1,056,159 4.30 607,575 1.99 Total votes 24,535,185 100.00 30,530,157 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 61,452,321 39.93 61,452,321 49.68 Source: ISNA, IranIntl, Tejarat News

## See also

- [List of presidents of Iran](/source/List_of_presidents_of_Iran)

- [Advisor to the President of Iran](/source/Advisor_to_the_President_of_Iran)

- [Aide to the President of Iran](/source/Aide_to_the_President_of_Iran)

- [Presidential Administration of Iran](/source/Presidential_Administration_of_Iran)

- [List of spouses of the president of Iran](/source/List_of_spouses_of_the_president_of_Iran)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Persian](/source/Persian_language): رئیس‌جمهور ایران, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Persian): *Rais Jomhur-e Irân*

## References

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Heads of State, Heads of Government, and Ministers for Foreign Affairs"](https://www.un.org/dgacm/sites/www.un.org.dgacm/files/Documents_Protocol/hspmfmlist.pdf) (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 8 April 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/supreme-leader/background-role-of-supreme-leader](https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/supreme-leader/background-role-of-supreme-leader)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Chapter IX, Article 113

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Heads of State, Heads of Government, and Ministers for Foreign Affairs"](https://www.un.org/dgacm/sites/www.un.org.dgacm/files/Documents_Protocol/hspmfmlist.pdf) (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 8 April 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Tauris-1997-19-23_9-0)** Asghar Schirazi (1997). *The Constitution of Iran: Politics and the State in the Islamic Republic*. I.B. Tauris. pp. 19–23.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-:12_20-0)** Parent, Deepa (20 May 2024). ["'People are in no mood to mourn': mixed reactions in Tehran after death of President Ebrahim Raisi"](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/may/20/people-are-in-no-mood-to-mourn-mixed-reactions-in-tehran-after-death-of-president-ebrahim-raisi). *The Guardian*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240520205135/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/may/20/people-are-in-no-mood-to-mourn-mixed-reactions-in-tehran-after-death-of-president-ebrahim-raisi) from the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [Who was Mohammad Mokhber, the man set to become Iran's interim president?](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/who-is-mohammad-mokhber-irans-interim-president-2024-05-20/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240520174626/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/who-is-mohammad-mokhber-irans-interim-president-2024-05-20/) 20 May 2024 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Reuters. Retrieved 20 May 2024.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-:1_23-0)** ["Iran's Khamenei formally grants Masoud Pezeshkian presidential powers"](https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/irans-khamenei-formally-grants-masoud-pezeshkian-presidential-powers/article68456408.ece). *Agence France-Presse*. The Hindu. 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Iran's supreme leader endorses reformist Pezeshkian as new president. He takes oath Tuesday"](https://apnews.com/article/iran-supreme-leader-endorsement-new-president-khamenei-pezeshkian-a9ecb0eb8e20ed8b92602e5d507fe616). *AP News*. 28 July 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Tehran_Times_25-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Tehran_Times_25-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Tehran_Times_25-2) ["Leader outlines elections guidelines, calls for transparency"](http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/407304/Leader-outlines-elections-guidelines-calls-for-transparency). *Tehran Times*. 15 October 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143515/http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/407304/Leader-outlines-elections-guidelines-calls-for-transparency) from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

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