# Pre-nominal letters > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pre-nominal_letters > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pre-nominal_letters.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters > Source revision: 1344044877 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Letters indicating a title}} {{Distinguish|Post-nominal letters}} {{Redirect|Prenominal|"pronominal"|Pronoun}} '''Pre-nominal letters''' are a [title](/source/title) which is placed ''before'' the name of a person as distinct from a [post-nominal](/source/post-nominal_letters) title which is placed ''after'' the name. Examples of pre-nominal titles, for instance professional titles, include [Doctor](/source/Doctor_(title)), [Captain](/source/Captain_(land)), [EUR ING](/source/EUR_ING) (European Engineer), Ir. ([ingenieur](/source/Engineer)), Ts. ([professional technologist](/source/professional_technologist)), Ar. ([architect](/source/architect)), Sr. ([surveyor](/source/surveyor)), Br. (certified [builder](/source/general_contractor)), Gs. ([geologist](/source/geologist)), Mons. ([monsignore](/source/monsignore)), Cllr ([Councillor](/source/Councillor)), CA (Indian [chartered accountant](/source/chartered_accountant)){{cite news | last = Shenoy | first = Jaideep | date = 28 January 2006 | title = Chartered accountants allowed CA prefix | url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/chartered-accountants-allowed-ca-prefix/article3245869.ece | work = [The Hindu](/source/The_Hindu) | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130125051902/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/28/stories/2006012809530500.htm | archive-date = 25 January 2013 | access-date = 11 September 2021 }} and [Professor](/source/Professor). These distinctive titles replace the standard honorifics used in polite address, indicating gender and, for women, marital status; the common English forms are [Mr.](/source/Mr.), [Ms.](/source/Ms.), [Mrs.](/source/Mrs.) and [Miss](/source/Miss). These honorifics are not normally considered as titles. ==Academic degrees== In some [Continental Europe](/source/Continental_Europe)an countries, all [academic degree](/source/academic_degree)s were traditionally pre-nominal. Pre-nominal academic degrees in German-speaking countries include: ''[Dipl.-Ing.](/source/Engineer's_degree)'' (Master's degree in engineering), ''[Dipl.-Kfm.](/source/Diplom)'' (master's degree in management), ''Dipl.-Phys.'' (master's degree in physics), ''Dipl.-Inf.'' or ''Dipl.-Inform.'' (master's degree in computer science), ''Dr.-Ing.'' (German [doctorate](/source/Doctor_of_Philosophy) in engineering), ''Dr. med.'' (German [doctorate](/source/Doctor_of_Philosophy) in Medicine) and ''Mag.'' (Austrian master's degree (Magister) in all disciplines except engineering). Pursuant to the [Bologna process](/source/Bologna_process), most of these pre-nominal degrees will be replaced by post-nominal bachelor's and master's degrees; but people who held academic degrees before the Bologna process may continue to use the pre-nominal academic degrees. In contexts where pre-nominal academic letters are used, such degrees may be placed prenominally for consistency (for example, "[MMathPhil](/source/Degrees_of_the_University_of_Oxford) Marcos Cramer").{{cite web |url=http://www.math.uni-bonn.de/people/logic/members.shtml |title=Members of the Bonn Mathematical Logic Group |access-date=11 September 2021}} In the Czech Republic, all academic degrees are widely used before the name: ''Bc.'' – for Bachelor, ''Mgr.'' – for Master, ''Ing.'' – for Engineer, "lesser" doctors such as ''MUDr.'' (doctor of medicine), ''MDDr.'' (dentist doctor), ''JUDr.'' (doctor of Law), ''RNDr.'' (doctor of Natural Sciences), ''PhDr.'' (doctor of Philosophy), ''ThDr.'' (doctor of Theology). Before them appear titles given to university teachers (''prof.'' for Professor and ''doc.'' for "docent" = Associated Professor). These degrees could be combined, with the highest degree appearing first, e. g. ''prof. JUDr. Ing. Bc.'' The titles of the same rank are separated by "et", e. g. ''Mgr. et Mgr.''{{cite web | url=https://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/?id=783 | title=Internetová jazyková příručka: Pořadí titulů }}{{cite web | url=https://vesmir.cz/cz/casopis/archiv-casopisu/2011/cislo-7/titulomanie.html | title=Titulománie }} Army titles include ''gen.'' for General, ''plk.'' for Colonel; Church titles include P. (pater) and R.D. (Reverendissimus Dominus). In Finland, abbreviated academic titles can appear before or after the name (for example, FM Matti Meikäläinen or Matti Meikäläinen, FM). In the United States a person may at their discretion use "Dr." as a pre-nominal or their doctoral degree's initials as a post-nominal, but rarely at the same time. It would also be very unusual to see a professional license (such as for an engineer) used as a pre-nominal in any form. In Poland, abbreviated academic titles appear as pre-nominal letters: ''inż.'' for holders of inżynier degree (Polish equivalent for a [Bachelor of Science](/source/Bachelor_of_Science) (BSc), Bachelor of Engineering (BEng), or [Bachelor of Applied Science](/source/Bachelor_of_Applied_Science) (BASc)) awarded by a [polytechnical university](/source/Institute_of_technology) or faculty; ''mgr'' for holders of a [Magister](/source/Magister_(degree)) (Polish equivalent for a [master's degree](/source/master's_degree)); ''mgr inż.'' for holders of a [Magister](/source/Magister_(degree)) awarded by a [polytechnical university](/source/Institute_of_technology) or faculty; ''dr'' for holders of a [Doktorat](/source/Doctor_of_Philosophy) (Polish Doctorate); ''dr inż.'' for holders of a [Doktorat](/source/Doctor_of_Philosophy) awarded by a [polytechnical university](/source/Institute_of_technology) or faculty; ''dr hab.'' for holders of a [Doktorat](/source/Doctor_of_Philosophy) and a [habilitacja](/source/Habilitation) (Polish post-doctoral [habilitation](/source/habilitation) qualification); ''dr hab. inż.'' for holders of a [Doktorat](/source/Doctor_of_Philosophy) and a [habilitacja](/source/Habilitation) awarded by a [polytechnical university](/source/Institute_of_technology) or faculty. In [Portugal](/source/Portugal) and the other [Portuguese-speaking countries](/source/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries), it is usual for a person with a university degree to be generally referred by the abbreviated pre-nominal title ''dr.'' (''doutor''), independently of the real degree that he or she holds. The main exceptions to this are the holders of degrees in engineering and architecture, who are referred respectively by the pre-nominal abbreviated titles ''eng.'' (''engenheiro'') and ''arq.'' (''arquiteto''). ==Order of titles== In the UK, those with both a [knighthood](/source/knighthood) and rank in the [armed forces](/source/armed_forces) (or [clergy](/source/clergy), or [academic titles](/source/List_of_academic_ranks)) put the ''[Sir](/source/Sir)'' after the other title;{{cite web |url=http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/titles/knight.aspx |title=Address a Knight |access-date=2009-08-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825170811/http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/titles/knight.aspx |archive-date=2009-08-25 }} for example: [Lieutenant General](/source/Lieutenant_General) Sir [William Leishman](/source/William_Boog_Leishman);{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Zt_5TqZcSI6dp_eQ1GGz1g |title=Lieutenant Tulloch's RAMC microscope |website=BBC - A History of the World |publisher=[BBC](/source/BBC) |access-date=11 September 2021}} [His Eminence](/source/His_Eminence) Sir [Norman Cardinal Gilroy](/source/Norman_Gilroy), [KBE](/source/Knight_Commander_of_the_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire);{{cite book|author=Bloomsbury Publishing|date=31 January 2007|title=Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use|edition=22nd|publisher=[Bloomsbury Publishing](/source/Bloomsbury_Publishing)|isbn=9781408148129}} [Professor](/source/Professor) Sir [Richard Peto](/source/Richard_Peto).{{cite web |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4530057.stm |title= Experts Examined - Sir Richard Peto |author= |date= 13 June 2005 |website= [BBC News](/source/BBC_News) |access-date= 11 September 2021}} ==See also== * [Form of address](/source/Form_of_address) * [Honorific](/source/Honorific) * [Post-nominal letters](/source/Post-nominal_letters) * [Suffix](/source/Suffix_(name)) * [Title](/source/Title) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Personal names}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pre-Nominal Letters}} Category:Titles --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pre-nominal letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.