# Prambanan Temple Compounds > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Prambanan_Temple_Compounds > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Prambanan_Temple_Compounds.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan_Temple_Compounds > Source revision: 1322149944 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Group of temples in Indonesia Prambanan Temple Compounds Prambanan, 2010 Interactive map of Prambanan Temple Compounds 7°45′8″S 110°29′30″E / 7.75222°S 110.49167°E / -7.75222; 110.49167 Location Bokoharjo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta; and Bugisan Village, Prambanan District, Klaten Regency, Central Java History Built Circa 8th to 9th century CE UNESCO World Heritage Site Type Cultural Criteria i, iv Designated 1991 (15th session) Reference no. 642 Region Southeast Asia **Prambanan Temple Compounds** is the [World Heritage](/source/World_Heritage) designation of a group of Hindu temple compounds that lie on the border between [Yogyakarta](/source/Yogyakarta) and [Central Java](/source/Central_Java), [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia). It comprises [Prambanan](/source/Prambanan), [Lumbung](/source/Lumbung), [Bubrah](/source/Bubrah) and [Sewu](/source/Sewu) temple compounds, all are located within Prambanan Archaeological Park.[1] These temples are known locally as *[candi](/source/Candi_of_Indonesia)* in [Indonesian](/source/Indonesian_language) and [Javanese](/source/Javanese_language) languages. The temple compounds are located along [Opak River](/source/Opak_River) valley within Prambanan Plain or [Kewu Plain](/source/Kewu_Plain), an archaeologically rich area dotted with numerous Hindu temples dated from the 8th and 9th centuries CE, historically linked with the [Mataram kingdom](/source/Mataram_kingdom).[2] The diversity and sophistication of the temple compounds and archaeological sites in this area are comparable to [Angkor](/source/Angkor) archaeological site in Cambodia. ## History Statue of Shiva in the ruin of Prambanan main temple in 1895 The temple compounds date from the 8th to 9th century CE, linked with historic [Mataram kingdom](/source/Mataram_kingdom) that ruled Central Java during that period. [Shailendras](/source/Shailendra_Dynasty), the ruling family of the kingdom were known as the avid temple builders. Indeed, some temples in the area, including [Kalasan](/source/Kalasan), [Sari](/source/Sari_temple), and Sewu are credited to their second monarch King [Panangkaran](/source/Panangkaran). Among these temple compounds, Sewu is the oldest, completed in 792 according to [Manjusrigrha inscription](/source/Manjusrigrha_inscription). Lumbung and Bubrah also dated from around the same period or slightly later. Prambanan however, was the latest addition in the complex, finished and inaugurated in 856 during the reign of [King Pikatan](/source/Rakai_Pikatan) according to [Shivagrha inscription](/source/Shivagrha_inscription). After the move of the capital to eastern Java circa the 11th century, the temple was neglected. For centuries later, it fell into disrepair, buried under [Mount Merapi](/source/Mount_Merapi) volcanic debris and shaken by earthquakes.[3] The temple collapsed around the 1600s due to a massive earthquake.[4] The temple was in ruins during its rediscovery back in early 19th century in the [British Java](/source/British_Java) period. In 1918, the [Dutch colonial government](/source/Dutch_East_Indies) began the reconstruction of the compound, and proper restoration took place in 1930 with modest result due to loss of the temple stones. Only a number of the smaller *pervara* shrines of Prambanan and Sewu complex were reconstructed during the Dutch East Indies period prior to the [Pacific War](/source/Pacific_War). After the World War II, the reconstruction efforts continues by implementing the [anastylosis](/source/Anastylosis) method, which means the temple will be reconstructed if only at least 75 percent of the original stones remains. The reconstruction of the main Shiva temple in Prambanan complex was completed around 1953 and inaugurated by Indonesia's first president [Sukarno](/source/Sukarno). Brahma temple reconstruction was finished in 1987, while Vishnu temple was completed in 1991, both were inaugurated by [Suharto](/source/Suharto). In 1991, the temple compounds gained [UNESCO World Heritage Site](/source/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site) status.[1] The temple compounds are located within Prambanan Tourism Park ([Indonesian](/source/Indonesian_language): *Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan*).[5] Sewu main temple was completed in 1993, while Bubrah restoration was completed in 2017. Since the temple compound consists of hundreds of *pervara* temples or complementary smaller shrines that most are still in ruins, restoration efforts still continue to this day. ## Temple compounds Temples and archaeological sites in [Prambanan Plain](/source/Kewu_Plain) Prambanan is a [Hindu](/source/Hinduism) temple compound dedicated to [Trimurti](/source/Trimurti), the three highest gods in Hinduism, while Sewu, Lumbung and Bubrah temples are [Mahayana](/source/Mahayana) [Buddhist temples](/source/Buddhist_temples). Both Prambanan and Sewu are actually temple compounds arranged in the [mandala](/source/Mandala) layout, surrounded with hundreds of *pervara* (guardian complementary) temples. Originally, Prambanan consists of 240 structures, Sewu consists of 249 structures, while Lumbung temple consists of 17 structures. With combined numbers of over 500 temples, Prambanan Temple Compounds represents not only an architectural and cultural treasure, but also an example of religious harmony and peaceful cohabitation between faiths in Indonesia's past.[1] ### Prambanan Main article: [Prambanan](/source/Prambanan) Prambanan temple or locally known in [Javanese](/source/Javanese_language) as *Rara Jonggrang*, is a grand Hindu temple complex dating from the 9th century, it is notable for its shrines and statues of Hindu patheon and [Ramayana](/source/Ramayana) bas relief. [Murtis](/source/Murti) or Hindu deity statues venerated in Prambanan complex including the main deity Shiva Mahadeva, Vishnu, Brahma, Durga Mahisasuramardini, Ganesha, Agastya, and Nandi bull.[1] ### Sewu Main article: [Sewu](/source/Sewu) Sewu or originally known as Manjusrigrha complex, with its four pairs of [Dvarapala](/source/Dvarapala) giant statues, is the largest Buddhist temple complex in Indonesia, and the second largest Buddhist temple after [Borobudur](/source/Borobudur). Archaeologists believe the original name for the temple compound to be *Manjusrigrha*, which means "the house of [Manjusri](/source/Manjusri)", one of the major [Bodhisattva](/source/Bodhisattva) in [Mahayana Buddhism](/source/Mahayana_Buddhism) belief.[6][7] ### Bubrah Main article: [Bubrah](/source/Bubrah) Bubrah is a 9th-century [Buddhist](/source/Buddha) [temple](/source/Buddhist_temple) located between Lumbung in the south and Sewu in the north. Experts believe that the temple was designed as a part of the greater Sewu temple compound [mandala](/source/Mandala).[8] ### Lumbung Main article: [Lumbung](/source/Lumbung) Candi Lumbung a 9th-century [Buddhist](/source/Buddha) [temple](/source/Temple) compound located within the complex of [Prambanan Temple Tourism Park](/source/Candi_Prambanan), [Central Java](/source/Central_Java), [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia). The original name of this temple is unknown, however the local [Javanese](/source/Javanese_people) named the temple "[Candi](/source/Candi_of_Indonesia) Lumbung", which means "[rice barn](/source/Rice_barn) temple" in [Javanese language](/source/Javanese_language).[9] Prambanan temple compound Sewu temple compound Lumbung temple Bubrah temple ## Surrounding temples Main article: [Kewu Plain](/source/Kewu_Plain) Outside of Prambanan Temple Tourism Park there are numerous temples and archaeological sites located just a few kilometres away, they are: - **[Plaosan](/source/Plaosan)**. Buddhist temple located a few kilometres east from Sewu temple compound. The temple probably dated from 9th century. Thought to have been built by a Hindu king for his Buddhist queen. Two main temples with reliefs of [Boddhisatva](/source/Boddhisatva) and [Tara](/source/Tara_(Buddhism)). Also rows of slender [stupas](/source/Stupa). - **[Ratu Boko](/source/Ratu_Boko)**. Complex of fortified gates, bathing pools, and elevated walled stone enclosure, all located on top of the hill. - **[Sajiwan](/source/Sajiwan)**. Buddhist temple decorated with reliefs concerning education. The base and staircase are decorated with animal fables from the [Jatakas](/source/Jataka). - **[Banyunibo](/source/Banyunibo)**. A Buddhist temple with unique design of roof. - **[Barong](/source/Barong_Temple)**. A Hindu temple complex with large stepped stone courtyard. Located on the slope of the hill. - **[Ijo](/source/Ijo_temple)**. A cluster of Hindu temple located near the top of Ijo hill. The main temple houses a large [lingam](/source/Lingam) and [yoni](/source/Yoni). - **Arca Bugisan**. Seven Buddha and [bodhisattva](/source/Bodhisattva) statues, some collapsed, representing different poses and expressions. - **[Kalasan](/source/Candi_Kalasan)**. This 8th-century Buddhist temple is the oldest in the area. Built to house the image of Boddhisattvadevi Tara by King [Panangkaran](/source/Panangkaran), ornamented with finely carved reliefs. - **[Sari](/source/Candi_Sari)**. Once a sanctuary for Buddhist monks. 8th century. Nine stupas at the top with two rooms beneath, each believed to be places for monks to meditate. - **[Sambisari](/source/Sambisari)**. 9th-century Hindu temple discovered in 1966, once buried 6.5 metres under volcanic ash. The main temple houses a linga and yoni, and the wall surround it displayed the images of Agastya, Durga, and Ganesha. - **[Kedulan](/source/Kedulan)**. Discovered in 1994 by sand diggers, 4 metres deep. Square base of main temple visible. Secondary temples not yet fully excavated. ## See also - [Indonesia portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) - [Hinduism portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hinduism) - [Angkor](/source/Angkor) - [Borobudur Temple Compounds](/source/Borobudur_Temple_Compounds), 9th century CE Buddhist temple in Central Java built by Hindu-Buddhist [Shailendra dynasty](/source/Shailendra_dynasty) of [Mataram kingdom](/source/Mataram_kingdom) - [Buddhism in Indonesia](/source/Buddhism_in_Indonesia) - [Candi of Indonesia](/source/Candi_of_Indonesia) - [Greater India](/source/Greater_India) - [Gunung Padang Megalithic Site](/source/Gunung_Padang_Megalithic_Site), in West Java, part of which were developed during Sunda Kingdom - [Hinduism in Indonesia](/source/Hinduism_in_Indonesia) - [Hinduism in Java](/source/Hinduism_in_Java) - [History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia](/source/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia) - [Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism](/source/Indonesian_Esoteric_Buddhism) - [Sunda Kingdom](/source/Sunda_Kingdom), Sundanese Hindu kingdom from 669 to around 1579 covering western and central Java including Gunung adang site ## Notes 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-UNESCO-Prambanan_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-UNESCO-Prambanan_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-UNESCO-Prambanan_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-UNESCO-Prambanan_1-3) ["Prambanan Temple Compounds"](https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/642/). *UNESCO World Heritage Centre*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200114181457/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/642) from the original on 2020-01-14. Retrieved 2020-01-23. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Ramirez-Faria, Carlos (2007). [*Concise Encyclopedia Of World History*](https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&dq=Prambanan+Mataram+Kingdom&pg=PA390). Atlantic Publishers & Dist. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-269-0775-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0775-5). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211110034757/https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA390&lpg=PA390&dq=Prambanan+Mataram+Kingdom#q=Prambanan%20Mataram%20Kingdom) from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2021-11-10. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Jolis, Ester M.; Budd, David A.; Dahren, Börje; Schwarzkopf, Lothar M. (2015-03-01). ["Ancient oral tradition describes volcano–earthquake interaction at merapi volcano, indonesia"](https://doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12099). *Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography*. **97** (1): 137–166. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/geoa.12099](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fgeoa.12099). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0435-3676](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0435-3676). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [129186824](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129186824). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210321185651/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1111/geoa.12099) from the original on 2021-03-21. Retrieved 2021-11-10. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Prambanan"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200127131442/http://bumn.go.id/borobudur/berita/0-PRAMBANAN). *Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik*. Archived from [the original](http://bumn.go.id/borobudur/berita/0-PRAMBANAN) on 2020-01-27. Retrieved 2020-01-27. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-TWC-PRambanan_5-0)** ["Prambanan"](http://borobudurpark.com/en/temple/prambanan-2/). *Taman Wisata Candi*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200929175956/https://borobudurpark.com/en/temple/prambanan-2//) from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2020-01-23. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Gunawan Kartapranata; Septa Inigopatria; Emille Junior (2015-04-20), ["Candi Sewu Mandala Suci Manjusrigrha"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riCSpUwgoJQ), *Harian Kompas via Youtube*, [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200209222354/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riCSpUwgoJQ) from the original on 2020-02-09, retrieved 2018-09-08 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Schliesinger_7-0)** Joachim Schliesinger (2016). [*Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 5: Part 2; Hindu Temples in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago*](https://books.google.com/books?id=fIu9CwAAQBAJ&dq=Manjusrigrha+inscription&pg=PA7). Booksmango. p. 7. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781633237308](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781633237308). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211110034758/https://books.google.com/books?id=fIu9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=Manjusrigrha+inscription#q=Manjusrigrha%20inscription) from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2020-01-27. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-BP-Bubrah_8-0)** ["Bubrah Temple"](http://borobudurpark.com/en/activity/bubrah-temple/). *Taman Wisata Candi*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211110034813/https://borobudurpark.com/en/activity/bubrah-temple/) from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2020-01-22. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["SEAlang Library Javanese Lexicography"](http://sealang.net/java/dictionary.htm). *sealang.net*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190630120659/http://sealang.net/java/dictionary.htm) from the original on 2019-06-30. Retrieved 2019-04-19. ## External links - Geographic data related to [Prambanan Temple Compounds](https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=Prambanan%20temple#map=16/-7.7491/110.4913) at [OpenStreetMap](/source/OpenStreetMap) v t e World Heritage Sites in Indonesia Borobudur Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy Komodo National Park Lorentz National Park Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto Prambanan Temple Compounds Sangiran Early Man Site Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra Ujung Kulon National Park --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Prambanan Temple Compounds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan_Temple_Compounds) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan_Temple_Compounds?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.