# Populus euphratica

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Species of tree

Populus euphratica Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Salicaceae Genus: Populus Species: P. euphratica Binomial name Populus euphratica Oliv. Synonyms[2] Balsamiflua euphratica (Olivier) Kimura Balsamiflua illicitana (Dode) Kimura Populus ariana Dode Populus diversifolia Schrenk Populus illicitana Dode Populus litwinowiana Dode Populus transcaucasica Jarm. ex Grossh. Turanga ariana Kimura Turanga diversifolia Kimura Turanga euphratica (Olivier) Kimura Turanga litwinowiana (Dode) Kimura

***Populus euphratica***, commonly known as the **Euphrates poplar**,[3] **desert poplar**,[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] **diversiform-leaved poplar**, or **poplar diversifolia**,[4] is a species of [poplar](/source/Populus) tree in the [willow](/source/Salicaceae) [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)).

## Description

Leaf detail

In a [tugay](/source/Tugay) in the [Gobi Desert](/source/Gobi_Desert).

The Euphrates poplar is a medium-sized [deciduous](/source/Deciduous) tree that may grow to a height of about 15 m (49 ft)and a [girth](/source/Circumference) of 2.5 m (8.2 ft) where conditions are favorable. The stem is typically bent and forked; old stems have thick, rough, [olive-green](/source/Olive_(color)) [bark](/source/Bark_(botany)). While the [sapwood](/source/Wood#Heartwood_and_sapwood) is white, the heartwood is red, darkening to almost black at the center. The roots spread widely but not deeply. The [leaves](/source/Leaf) are highly variable in shape.

The flowers are borne as [catkins](/source/Catkin); those of the male are 25–50 mm (0.98–1.97 in) long, and those of the female 50–70 mm (2.0–2.8 in). The fruits are ovoid-lanceolate capsules, 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) long, containing tiny seeds enveloped in silky hairs.[5]

## Distribution and habitat

The species has a very wide range, occurring naturally from [North Africa](/source/North_Africa), across the [Middle East](/source/Middle_East) and [Central Asia](/source/Central_Asia) to western [China](/source/China). It may be found in dry [temperate broadleaf and mixed forests](/source/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest) and [subtropical dry broadleaf forests](/source/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests) at altitudes of up to 4,000 m (2.5 miles) above sea level.

It is a prominent component of [Tugay](/source/Tugay) [floodplain](/source/Floodplain) ecosystems along river valleys in [arid](/source/Desert_climate) and [semi-arid](/source/Semi-arid_climate) regions, mixed with [willow](/source/Willow), [tamarisk](/source/Tamarix) and [mulberry](/source/Morus_(plant)) in dense thickets. It grows well on land that is seasonally flooded and is tolerant of saline and [brackish](/source/Brackish) water. Much used as a source of [firewood](/source/Firewood), its forests have largely disappeared or become fragmented over much of its natural range.[5][6]

## Uses

The species is used in [agroforestry](/source/Agroforestry) to provide leaves as [fodder](/source/Fodder) for [livestock](/source/Livestock), [timber](/source/Timber) and, potentially, [fiber](/source/Fibre) for [making paper](/source/Papermaking). It is also used in [afforestation](/source/Afforestation) programs on [saline soils](/source/Soil_salinity) in desert regions, and to create [windbreaks](/source/Windbreak) and check [erosion](/source/Erosion). The bark is reported to have [Anthelmintic](/source/Anthelmintic) properties.[5]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Barstow, M. (2018). ["*Populus euphratica*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19178509/117646829). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2018** e.T19178509A117646829. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T19178509A117646829.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T19178509A117646829.en). Retrieved 7 December 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [*The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species*](http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-5000084), retrieved 26 September 2016

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Geptner1972_3-0)** Heptner, V. G.; Sludskij, A. A. (1992) [1972]. [*Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola*](https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/83/mode/2up) [*Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)*]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 1–732.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Hugh Cross (report leader), Jeff Ball, Dugald Black, Lee Bowling, Jean Hung, Ary van der Lely, Overseas Projects Corporation of Victoria Limited (July 1999). [INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE TARIM BASIN](https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/212421468012932368/pdf/E21120EA0SF1EA10Box338877B01PUBLIC1.pdf) (PDF) (Report). World Bank. Retrieved 10 October 2021.{{[cite report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_report)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aftd_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aftd_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-aftd_5-2) ["*Populus euphratica*"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120731033029/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1335). *Agroforestry Tree Database*. World Agroforestry Centre. Archived from [the original](http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1335) on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2013-04-16.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Treshkin, S.Y., S.K. Kamalov, A. Bachiev, N. Mamutov, A.I. Gladishev and I. Aimbetov. 1998. Present status of the tugai forests in the lower Amu-Dar'ya Basin and problems of their protection and restoration. Pages 43-53 in Ecological Research and Monitoring of the Aral Sea Deltas. A Basis for Restoration. UNESCO Aral Sea Project, 1992-1996 Final Scientific Reports, UNESCO, Paris, France.](http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002204/220466eo.pdf)

Media related to [Populus euphratica](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Populus_euphratica) ([category](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Populus_euphratica)) at Wikimedia Commons Data related to [Populus euphratica](https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Populus_euphratica) at Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers Populus euphratica Wikidata: Q1374188 Wikispecies: Populus euphratica APDB: 153317 BOLD: 254506 CoL: 4LVL6 Ecocrop: 8866 EoL: 2871975 EPPO: POPEU EUNIS: 182705 FNA: 200005667 FoC: 200005667 FoIO: POPEUP GBIF: 3804846 GRIN: 29386 iNaturalist: 82162 IPNI: 776672-1 ISC: 43470 IUCN: 19178509 NCBI: 75702 Observation.org: 124686 Open Tree of Life: 164191 Plant List: kew-5000084 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776672-1 Tropicos: 28300581 WoI: 204 WFO: wfo-0000928122

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Populus euphratica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_euphratica) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_euphratica?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.