# Populus ciliata

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Populus_ciliata
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Populus_ciliata.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_ciliata
> Source revision: 1314646754
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Species of tree

Populus ciliata Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Salicaceae Genus: Populus Section: Populus sect. Tacamahaca Species: P. ciliata Binomial name Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle

***Populus ciliata***, the **Himalayan poplar**, is a large [deciduous](/source/Deciduous) tree with tall clean straight trunk and wide rounded crown.[2] The bark of the young trees is smooth and greenish-grey while the bark of the old trees is dark brown with vertical cracks. Leaves are broadly ovate with hairy [serrulate-crenate](/source/Leaf#Edge_(margin)) margins.[2] Flowers are drooping [raceme](/source/Raceme) [catkins](/source/Catkins) that appear before or with leaves.[2] *Populus ciliata* flowers are [dioecious](/source/Dioecy). Male flowers have a bell-shaped [perianth](/source/Perianth) and female flowers are bluntly toothed. A single capsule encloses an average of 100–150 seeds, which are covered by long silky hair.[2]

## Ecology and distribution

### Geographical distribution

*Populus ciliata* is natively distributed along the [Himalayas](/source/Himalayas) through China, Pakistan, India ([Jammu and Kashmir](/source/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)), [Himachal Pradesh](/source/Himachal_Pradesh), [Uttarakhand](/source/Uttarakhand), [Sikkim](/source/Sikkim), [Arunachal Pradesh](/source/Arunachal_Pradesh)), [Nepal](/source/Nepal), [Bhutan](/source/Bhutan), and [Myanmar](/source/Myanmar).[1][3] *Populus ciliata* is exotic to Afghanistan, France, Iran, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States.[2]

### Natural habitat

*Populus ciliata* prefers moist cool places and grows in sandy, loamy, and clay soil.[2] It grows well in acidic or neutral soil conditions.[2] Shade inhibits the growth of *P. ciliata*.[2]

### Reproductive biology

*Populus ciliata* is a dioecious tree pollinated by the wind.[2] The fruits grow in about 3 months after pollination.[2] Seed dispersal takes place from about the middle of June to the middle of July depending upon the climate.[2] It can reproduce through seed and vegetative means.[4]

## Propagation

The seeds weigh about 15 million/kg.[2] In spring, seeds disperse as soon as they mature due to an extremely short period of viability of a few days after maturation.[4] Fresh seeds exhibit high viability with a germination rate of up to 75–90%.[2]

## Uses

### Food

*Populus ciliata* is chopped for food and stored to be fed to livestock during times of food shortage.[2]

### Fuel

*Populus ciliata* is used as fuel wood.[2]

### Timber

*Populus ciliata* wood is used for making boxes for packing purposes, as well as for poles, trucks, barrow-trays, coaches, furniture and cross-beams.[2]

### Medicine

The bark is used to make tonics, stimulants and blood purifiers. The paste of the bark, when mixed with the ash of cow dung, can be used to treat muscular swellings.[2]

### Other

*Populus ciliata* provides paper for writing, wrapping and printing.[2]

## Erosion control

This tree can be used to control [erosion](/source/Erosion) as it easily establishes in shallow soils, exhibits a fast growth rate, and produces numerous strong lateral roots with little taper.[2] Hence, it has been used extensively in China, Japan, the USA and New Zealand to bind soil in erosion-prone areas.[2]

## Pests and diseases

During rainy season, the leaves of the tree are extensively colonized by leaf defoliators such as *[Pyragea cupreata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyragea_cupreata&action=edit&redlink=1)* and *[P. fulgurita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pyragra_fulgurita&action=edit&redlink=1)*.[2] In India, records show that this tree has been a victim of the plant parasite *[Loranthus elatus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loranthus_elatus&action=edit&redlink=1)*.[2] Other pathogens that cause premature defoliation in this species include *[Bipolaris mydis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bipolaris_mydis&action=edit&redlink=1)*, *[Pseudocercospora salicia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudocercospora_salicia&action=edit&redlink=1)* and *[Phorma macrostoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phorma_macrostoma&action=edit&redlink=1)*.[2] Incidents of ganoderma root rot have also been reported in this species.[2]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCN_1-1) Barstow, M. (2018). ["*Populus ciliata*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61959792/61959807). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2018** e.T61959792A61959807. Retrieved 23 January 2023.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-15) [***q***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-16) [***r***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-17) [***s***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-18) [***t***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-19) [***u***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-20) [***v***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-21) [***w***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-22) [***x***](#cite_ref-AFTDB_2-23) Orwa, C; Mutua, A; Kindt, R; Jamnadass, R; Simons, A (2009). ["Populus ciliata"](https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Populus_ciliata.PDF) (PDF). *Agroforestree Database*. Retrieved 15 June 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOP_3-0)** ["Populus ciliata"](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200005658). *Flora of Pakistan*. Retrieved 15 June 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Sheikh_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Sheikh_4-1) Sheikh, MI (1992). ["Populus ciliata"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120915211059/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABW250.pdf) (PDF). *Trees of Pakistan*: 5–142. Archived from [the original](http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABW250.pdf) (PDF) on September 15, 2012.,

## External links

["Poplar"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Poplar_(tree)). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)*. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 89–90.

Taxon identifiers Populus ciliata Wikidata: Q2331107 Wikispecies: Populus ciliata BOLD: 634634 CoL: 4LVKN Ecocrop: 305323 EPPO: POPCI FNA: 200005658 FoC: 200005658 GBIF: 7266620 GRIN: 406381 iNaturalist: 542553 IPNI: 776642-1 IUCN: 61959792 NCBI: 60009 Open Tree of Life: 17844 Plant List: tro-28300081 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776642-1 Tropicos: 28300081 WFO: wfo-0001133496

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Populus ciliata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_ciliata) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_ciliata?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.