# PolyDADMAC
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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/PolyDADMAC.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyDADMAC
> Source revision: 1285137334
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| verifiedrevid = 464209309
| Name = PolyDADMAC
| ImageFile = Polyquaternium-6.svg
| ImageSize = 150px
| IUPACName =
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| OtherNames = Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride); Polyquaternium-6
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| ChemSpiderID = None
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 26062-79-3
| PubChem = 33286
| EC_number = 230-993-8
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = YFL33X52PX
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = (C8H16NCl)n
| MolarMass = Variable
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| Solubility = Soluble
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
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| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|410|412}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|273|391|501}}
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'''Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride''' (shortened '''polyDADMAC''' or '''polyDDA'''), also commonly [polyquaternium](/source/polyquaternium)-6, is a [homopolymer](/source/homopolymer) of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC). The molecular weight of polyDADMAC is typically in the range of hundreds of thousands of grams per mole, and even up to a million for some products. PolyDADMAC is usually delivered as a liquid concentrate having a solids level in the range of 10 to 50%. It is a high charge density cationic [polymer](/source/polymer). The charge density makes it well suited for [flocculation](/source/flocculation). Actually, pDADMAC or DMDAAC, is used as a coagulant - a charge neutralization process that precedes flocculation.
==History==
PolyDADMAC polymers were first prepared and studied in 1957 by Professor George Butler at the University of Florida.[G. B. Butler, R. J. Angelo: [J. Am. Chem. Soc.](/source/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society), 79, 3128 (1957)] It was remarkable as it was soluble in water in contrast at the time to other known synthetic polymers formed by polymerization of monomers containing more than one vinyl functionality. The structure and reaction path was determined in 2002 with [NMR](/source/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance) studies. Much of what we know about pDADMAC in water treatment and personal care is from Jerry Boothe of [Calgon Corporation](/source/Calgon_Corporation).
==Synthesis==
The monomer DADMAC is formed by reacting two equivalents of [allyl chloride](/source/allyl_chloride) with [dimethylamine](/source/dimethylamine).
PolyDADMAC is then [synthesized](/source/organic_synthesis) by [radical polymerization](/source/radical_polymerization) of DADMAC with an organic [peroxide](/source/peroxide) used as a [catalyst](/source/catalyst). Two polymeric structures are possible when polymerizing DADMAC: ''N''-substituted [piperidine](/source/piperidine) structure or ''N''-substituted [pyrrolidine](/source/pyrrolidine) structure. The pyrrolidine structure is favored.[{{Citation | last = John | first = Wilson | date = 2002 | title = Synthesis and Use of PolyDADMAC for Water Purification | url = http://academic.sun.ac.za/unesco/Conferences/Conference2002/JohnP.pdf | display-authors = etal | access-date = 2009-01-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719032953/http://academic.sun.ac.za/unesco/Conferences/Conference2002/JohnP.pdf | archive-date = 2011-07-19 | url-status = dead }}]
:[[Image:Polymerization PolyDADMAC Redrawn.svg|350px|thumb|left|Polymerization of PolyDADMAC (shown as favoured [pyrrolidine](/source/pyrrolidine) structure)]]{{clear-left}}
==Applications==
===Effluent treatment===
PolyDADMAC is used in [waste water treatment](/source/waste_water_treatment) as a primary organic [coagulant](/source/flocculant) which neutralizes [negatively charged](/source/negatively_charged) [colloid](/source/colloid)al material and reduces [sludge](/source/sludge) volume compared with [inorganic](/source/inorganic_compound) coagulants.
===Pulp and paper industry===
PolyDADMAC is used for controlling disturbing substances in the [papermaking](/source/papermaking) process. It provides superior fixing of pitch from [mechanical pulp](/source/Pulp_mill) and of [latex](/source/latex) from coated broke. Used in the short circulation of a [paper mill](/source/paper_mill) to enhance [retention](/source/retention_agent) and [dewatering](/source/dewatering). In addition, it can be used to improve the efficiency of disk filters and flotators, and for [cationization](/source/cationic_flocculation) of [filler](/source/Filler_(materials))s to provide maximal filler retention.
===Water purification===
PolyDADMAC is used as a coagulant in [water purification](/source/water_purification). It is effective in coagulating and flocculating inorganic and organic particles such as silt, clay, algae, bacteria and viruses. At high concentrations the organic polymer can remove natural organic matter such as [humic and fulvic acids](/source/humus) resulting in fewer [disinfection byproduct](/source/disinfection_byproduct) precursors and less color.[Edzwald, James K., ed. (2011). ''Water Quality and Treatment.'' 6th Edition. New York:McGraw-Hill. p. 8.64. {{ISBN|978-0-07-163011-5}}]
==References==
{{reflist}}
Category:Organic polymers
Category:Quaternary ammonium compounds
Category:Water treatment
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [PolyDADMAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyDADMAC) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyDADMAC?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.