# Poleo Formation

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Geologic formation in northern New Mexico, United States

Poleo Formation Stratigraphic range: late Triassic PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Poleo Formation at its type location, forming the tan beds capping Mesa Montosa, near Coyote, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico Type Formation Unit of Chinle Group Underlies Petrified Forest Formation Overlies Salitral Formation Thickness 30 m (98 ft) Lithology Primary Sandstone Other Conglomerate Location Coordinates 36°10′25″N 106°39′13″W / 36.173563°N 106.6534824°W / 36.173563; -106.6534824 Region New Mexico Country United States Type section Named for Poleo Mesa (now known as Mesa Montoso) Named by Huene Year defined 1911 Poleo Formation (the United States) Show map of the United States Poleo Formation (New Mexico) Show map of New Mexico

The **Poleo Formation** is a [geologic formation](/source/Formation_(geology)) in northern New Mexico. Its stratigraphic position corresponds to the [late Triassic](/source/Late_Triassic) [epoch](/source/Epoch_(geology)).

## Description

The Poleo Formation is a cliff-forming formation composed mostly of yellowish-gray fine to medium [sandstone](/source/Sandstone), but with up to 20% [conglomerate](/source/Conglomerate_(geology)). The sandstone shows [cross bedding](/source/Cross_bedding) and cuspate [ripples](/source/Ripple_marks). It resembles the [Shinarump Conglomerate](/source/Shinarump_Conglomerate), and the two formations can be difficult to distinguish where they are not separated by the [Salitral Formation](/source/Salitral_Formation). However, the Poleo Formation is finer grained and shows other distinguishing lithological features.[1] The lower contact with the Salitral Formation is sharp and scoured, while the upper contact with the [Petrified Forest Formation](/source/Petrified_Forest_Formation) is gradational. The Poleo Formation has an inverse thickness relationship with the Salitral that suggests the thick sections fill valleys cut into the Salitral.[2]

The formation is exposed throughout the [Chama Basin](/source/Chama_Basin), the [Nacimiento Mountains](/source/Nacimiento_Mountains), and [Jemez Mountains](/source/Jemez_Mountains) of [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico). It divides the lower and upper [Chinle Group](/source/Chinle_Group) where present, but rapidly pinches out to the south, where the underlying Salitral Formation becomes indistinguishable from the overlying Petrified Forest Formation.[3][1][2]

The Poleo Formation is at the same stratigraphic position as the [Trujillo Formation](/source/Trujillo_Formation) of [West Texas](/source/West_Texas) and eastern New Mexico, the Sonsela Member of the Petrified Forest Formation in west-central New Mexico and northeastern [Arizona](/source/Arizona), and the [Moss Back Member](/source/Moss_Back_Member) of southern [Utah](/source/Utah) and southwestern [Colorado](/source/Colorado). All are extensive sandstone sheets, but the Poleo Formation is distinguished by its great local thickness, grayish-yellow color, and [lithology](/source/Lithology) of [micaceous](/source/Mica) [litharenite](/source/Lithic_sandstone) and mixed-clast conglomerate.[2]

		- Poleo Formation (tan sandstone beds at top) resting on Salitral and Shinarump Formations. West of Abiquiu, New Mexico.

		- Poleo Formation exposed in fault escarpment, Youngsville, New Mexico, USA

## Fossils

The formation is almost devoid of fossils, yielding only oxidized fragments of [petrified wood](/source/Petrified_wood) and indeterminate vertebrate bone that are unusable for biostratigraphy.[2]

## History of investigation

Huene described the unit in 1911, giving it the name "Poleo-top-sandstone" as the caprock of Mesa Montosa (which he knew as "Mesa Poleo").[2] During their petroleum survey in 1946, Wood and Northrop formally named it the Poleo sandstone lentil of the Chinle Formation.[3] Lucas and Hunt renamed the unit the Poleo Formation in the same 1992 study in which they raised the Chinle Formation to group rank.[4]

## Footnotes

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartPooleWilsonCadigan1972_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartPooleWilsonCadigan1972_1-1) [Stewart et al. 1972](#CITEREFStewartPooleWilsonCadigan1972).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucasZeiglerHeckertHunt2005_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucasZeiglerHeckertHunt2005_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucasZeiglerHeckertHunt2005_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucasZeiglerHeckertHunt2005_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucasZeiglerHeckertHunt2005_2-4) [Lucas et al. 2005](#CITEREFLucasZeiglerHeckertHunt2005).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodNorthrop1946_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodNorthrop1946_3-1) [Wood & Northrop 1946](#CITEREFWoodNorthrop1946).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucasHunt1992_4-0)** [Lucas & Hunt 1992](#CITEREFLucasHunt1992).

## References

- Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P. (1992). ["Triassic stratigraphy and paleontology, Chama Basin and adjacent areas, north-central New Mexico"](https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/43/43_p0151_p0172.pdf) (PDF). *New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series*. **43**: 151–167. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

- Lucas, Spencer G.; Zeigler, Kate E.; Heckert, Andrew B.; Hunt, Adrian P. (2005). ["Review of Upper Triassic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy in the Chama Basin, northern New Mexico"](https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/56/56_p0170_p0181.pdf) (PDF). *New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series*. **56**: 170–181. Retrieved 29 April 2020.

- Stewart, John Harris; Poole, Forrest Graham; Wilson, Richard Farifield; Cadigan, R.A.; Thordarson, William; Albee, H.F. (1972). ["Stratigraphy and Origin of the Chinle Formation and Related Upper Triassic Strata in the Colorado Plateau Region"](https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp690). Retrieved 11 November 2019.

- Wood, G.H.; Northrop, S.A. (1946). ["Geology of the Nacimiento Mountains, San Pedro Mountain, and adjacent plateaus in parts of Sandoval and Rio Arriba Counties, New Mexico"](https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5417.htm). Retrieved 11 November 2019.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Poleo Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poleo_Formation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poleo_Formation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.