# Plutonides > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Plutonides > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Plutonides.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonides > Source revision: 1321841207 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Extinct genus of trilobites}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Middle [Cambrian](/source/Cambrian)
~{{Geological range|514|497}} | image = P. sedgwickii.jpg | image_caption = Lectotype cranidium | taxon = Plutonides | authority = [Hicks](/source/Henry_Hicks_(geologist)), 1895 | type_species = ''Plutonia sedgwickii'' | type_species_authority = Hicks, 1871 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = {{Species list |P. sedgwickii|(Hicks, 1871) |P.? illingi|Lake, 1935 }} | synonyms = ''Plutonia'' Hicks, 1871,
non ''[Plutonia](/source/Vitrinidae)'' Morelet ''in'' Stabile, 1864. }} '''''Plutonides''''' is a genus of [Middle Cambrian](/source/Middle_Cambrian) [trilobite](/source/trilobite) in the family [Paradoxididae](/source/Paradoxididae) with species '''''Plutonides sedgwickii''''' and possibly '''''Plutonides? illingi'''''. Several other species and subspecies were at times placed in ''Plutonides'' but have subsequently been moved to other genera. In terms of the Scandinavian Middle Cambrian sequence the genus ranges from the ''Baltoparadoxides oelandicus'' Biosuperzone (''B. pinus'' Biosubzone) at the type locality for ''P. sedwickii'' on Trwyncynddeiriog headland located {{convert|1.3|km|mi|abbr=on}} south-southwest of St David’s Cathedral and {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} east of Porth Clais Harbour - Pen-y-Cyfrwy Member, Newgale Formation,{{cite journal |last1=Rees |first1=A. J. |last2=Thomas |first2=A. T. |last3=Lewis |first3=M. |last4=Hughes |first4=H. E. |last5=Turner |first5=P |year=2014 |title=The Cambrian of SW Wales: Towards a United Avalonian Stratigraphy |journal=Geological Society, London, Memoirs |volume=42 |pages=1–31|doi=10.1144/M42.1 |s2cid=130386389 }} and possibly to middle part of the ''Mawddachites hicksii'' Biozone on the Penpleidiau (eastern) Headland of Caerfai Bay south of St David’s in southwest Wales, where ''P? illingi'' occurs [Locs. TC-1 & CF-1 of Rees ''et al.''] == Type == ''Plutonia sedgwickii'' is the type species for the genus{{cite journal |last1=Harkness |first1=R. |last2=Hicks |first2=H |year=1871 |title=On the ancient rocks of the St David's Promontory, South Wales, and their fossil contents: with descriptions of the new species, by H. Hicks, Esq. |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London |volume=27 |issue=1–2 |pages=384–404|doi=10.1144/GSL.JGS.1871.027.01-02.46 |s2cid=128467392 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2431147 }} and was first described in 1871 as ''"Plutonia" sedgwickii''. However the genus name ''"Plutonia"'' had already been used for the [Vitrinidae](/source/Vitrinidae) snail genus ''[Plutonia](/source/Vitrinidae)'' by Morelet ''in'' Stabile (1864),Stabile, J., 1864. Mollusques terrestres vivants du Piemont. ''Atti della Societd italiana di Scienze naturali di Milano'', '''7''': 1-141. and so the new genus ''Plutonides'' was coined by Hicks (1895).{{cite journal |last1=Hicks |first1=H. |year=1895 |title=On the genus ''Plutonides'' (non ''Plutonia'') from the Cambrian rocks of St. David's. |journal=Geological Magazine |volume=Decade 4 |issue=2 |pages=230–231|doi=10.1017/S0016756800121193 |bibcode=1895GeoM....2..230H |s2cid=130849465 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1772196 }} The species Lectotype is SM A1086, an internal mould of cranidium,.{{cite journal |last1=Morris |first1=S. F. |year=1988 |title=A Review of British Trilobites, Including a Synoptic Revision of Salter's Monograph |journal=Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London |volume=140 |issue=374 |pages=1–316}}{{cite journal |last1=Lake |first1=P. |year=1935 |title=A Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites |journal=Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London |pages=197–224, pls. 26–31, pl. 31, fig. 9|volume=88| doi=10.1080/02693445.1935.12035634 }}{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=J.D.D. |last2=White |first2=D.E. |year=1963 |title=Cambrian trilobites from the Purley Shales of Warwickshire |journal=Palaeontology |volume=6 |pages=397–407, pl. 58, fig. 9}} == Species == ''Paradoxides'' cf. ''sedgwickii'', described by Smith and White (1963) from the ''Baltoparadoxides pinus'' Biosubzone in the upper part of the [Purley Shale Formation](/source/Purley_Shale_Formation) of Warwickshire, central EnglandSmith, J. D. D. and White, D. E. 1963. Cambrian trilobites from the Purley Shales of Warwickshire. Palaeontology. 6: 397–407, pl. 58, fig. 9. https://www.palass.org/sites/default/files/media/publications/palaeontology/volume_6/vol6_part3_pp397-407.pdf was redescribed by Rushton (1966, p. 42, pl. 6, figs. 1-10) {{cite journal |last1=Rushton1966 |first1=A. W. A. |year=1966 |title=The Cambrian Trilobites from the Purley Shales of Warwickshire. |journal=Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London |volume=120 |issue=511|page=1 |doi=10.1080/25761900.2022.12131699 |bibcode=1966MPalS.120....1R |s2cid=251144643 }} as ‘''Paradoxides''’ ''sedgwickii porphyrus''. The subspecies has broader palpebral lobes and finer surface granulation than observed in ''P. sedgwickii sedgwickii''. Vanĕk ''et al.'' (1999) {{cite journal |last1= Vanĕk |first1= J |last2= Valiček |first2= J. |last3=Vocáč |first3= V. |year= 1999 |title=''Plutonides hicksi'' (Salter) from the Middle Cambrian of Skrije - Týřovice Area (Czech Republic) |journal= Palaeontologica Bohemiae |volume= 6 |pages= 36–38 |url= http://media0.webgarden.name/files/media0:4fbaa0c7ac319.pdf.upl/1999%2002.pdf |access-date= 2015-01-04}} described cranidia from the Middle Cambrian of Skrije - Týřovice area in the Czech Republic as ''Plutonides hicksi'', although the specimens illustrated are of a different species to that from Wales. Fletcher (2007) however, has also since established the new subgenus, ''Paradoxides'' (''Mawddachites''), to include ''P. hicksii'' as type species.{{cite journal |last1=Fletcher |first1=T. P. |year=2007 |title=Correlating the zones of ''"Paradoxides hicksii"'' and ''"Paradoxides davidis"'' in Cambrian Series 3 |journal=Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists |volume=33 |pages=35–56}} Alvarez ''et al.'' (2010) raised ''Mawddachites'' to a full genus.{{cite journal |last1=Dies Alvares |first1=M. E. |last2=Rushton |first2=A. W. A. |last3=Gozalao |first3=R.|last4=Pillola |first4=G. L. |last5=Liñan |first5=E. |last6=Ahlberg |first6=P. |year=2010 |title=''Paradoxides brachyrhachis'' Linnarsson, 1883 versus ''Paradoxides mediterraneus'' Pompeckj, 1901: a problematic determination. |journal=GFF |volume=132 |issue=2, June |pages=95–104 |doi=10.1080/11035897.2010.481363 |bibcode=2010GFF...132...95D |s2cid=129620469 |issn=1103-5897}}{{cite web|website= Trilobiti - Barrandien|title= Plutonides hicksi (Salter, 1864)|url= http://trilobiti-barrandien.mypage.cz/rubriky/sbirka/kambrium-stredni/plutonides-hicksi-salter-1864|access-date=2015-01-04}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q19840575}} Category:Paradoxidoidea Category:Cambrian trilobites of Asia Category:Fossils of Mongolia Category:Fossils of Russia Category:Cambrian trilobites of Europe Category:Fossils of Sweden Category:Fossils of Great Britain Category:Cambrian trilobites of North America Category:Fossils of Canada Category:Paleontology in Newfoundland and Labrador Category:Paleontology in Nova Scotia Category:Fossil taxa described in 1895 Category:Cambrian genus extinctions Category:Redlichiida genera --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Plutonides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonides) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonides?action=history)). 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