# Plumbide

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Plumbide
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Plumbide.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbide
> Source revision: 1282669621
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Compound containing a plumbide anion}}
thumb|Plumbide
[[File:Pentaplumbide-anion-from-xtal-3D-balls.png|thumb|right|[Pb<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>]]
'''Plumbide''' is an anion of [lead](/source/lead) atoms. There are three plumbide anions, written as Pb<sup>−</sup>, Pb<sup>2−</sup> and Pb<sup>4−</sup> with 3 [oxidation state](/source/oxidation_state)s, −1, −2 and −4, respectively.
A '''plumbide''' can refer to one of two things: an [intermetallic](/source/intermetallic) compound that contains [lead](/source/lead), or a [Zintl phase](/source/Zintl_phase) compound with lead as the anion.

==Zintl phase==
[[File:Nonaplumbide-anion-from-xtal-3D-balls.png|thumb|left|[Pb<sub>9</sub>]<sup>4−</sup> from [K(18-crown-6)]<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>Pb<sub>9</sub>·(en)<sub>1.5</sub>]]

Plumbides can be formed when lead forms a Zintl phase compound with a more metallic element. One salt that can be formed this way is when [cryptand](/source/cryptand) reacts with [sodium](/source/sodium) and lead in [ethylenediamine](/source/ethylenediamine) (en) to produce {{chem|[Na(crypt)]|2|+}}[Pb<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>, which is red in solution.<ref>
{{ cite journal
 | journal = [Inorg. Chem.](/source/Inorganic_Chemistry_(journal))
 | year = 1977
 | volume = 16
 | issue = 4
 | pages = 903–907
 | doi = 10.1021/ic50170a036
 | author = P. A. Edwards, J. D. Corbett
 | title = Stable homopolyatomic anions. Synthesis and crystal structures of salts containing the pentaplumbide(2−) and pentastannide(2−) anions
}}
</ref>
Lead can also create anions with [tin](/source/tin), in a series of anions with the formula [Sn<sub>9−''x''</sub>Pb<sub>''x''</sub>]<sup>4−</sup>.

Lead can also form the [Pb<sub>9</sub>]<sup>4−</sup> anion, which is emerald green in solution.<ref>
{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
 | pages=391–396
}}
</ref>

==Examples==
An example of a plumbide is CeRhPb. The lead atom has a [coordination number](/source/coordination_number) of 12 in the crystal structure of this compound. It is bound to four [rhodium](/source/rhodium)s, six [cerium](/source/cerium)s, and two other lead atoms in the crystal structure of the chemical.<ref>
{{cite journal
  | last = Gulay
  | first = L. D.
  | author2 = D. Kaczorowskia
  | author3 = A. Szajekc
  | author4 = A. Pietraszkoa
  | title = Crystal and electronic structure and magnetic properties of CeRhPb
  | journal = Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
  | volume = 69
  | issue = 8
  | pages = 1934–1939
  | publisher = Elsevier
  | date = August 2008
  | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00538004/file/PEER_stage2_10.1016%252Fj.jpcs.2008.01.020.pdf
  | doi = 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.01.020
|bibcode = 2008JPCS...69.1934G | s2cid = 95282795
 }}
</ref>

Several other plumbides are the M<sub>2</sub>Pd<sub>2</sub>Pb plumbides, where M is a [rare-earth element](/source/rare-earth_element), and the intermetallic additionally contains a [palladium](/source/palladium). These plumbides tend to exhibit antiferromagnetism, and all of them are conductors.<ref>
{{cite journal
  | last = Kaczorowski
  | first = D.
  | author2 = L. D. Gulay
  | title = Magnetic and electrical properties of RE<sub>2</sub>Pd<sub>2</sub>Pb (RE = Y, La–Sm, Gd–Tm) compounds
  | journal = Journal of Alloys and Compounds
  | volume = 442
  | issue = 1–2
  | pages = 169–171
  | publisher = Elsevier
  | date = 13 September 2007
  | doi = 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.351
}}
</ref>

A third plumbide is Ti<sub>6</sub>Pb<sub>4.8</sub>. Like the above plumbides, it is an intermetallic, but it only contains [titanium](/source/titanium) as the other metal, and not any rare earths.<ref>
{{cite journal
  | last = Kleinke
  | first = Holger
  | title = Extraordinarily Short Pb–Pb Bonds in the New Binary Intermetallic Ti<sub>6</sub>Pb<sub>4.8</sub>
  | journal = Journal of Solid State Chemistry
  | volume = 159
  | issue = 1
  | pages = 134–138
  | publisher = Academic Press
  | date = June 2001
  | doi = 10.1006/jssc.2001.9141
|bibcode = 2001JSSCh.159..134K }}
</ref>

Plumbides can also be [Zintl phase](/source/Zintl_phase) compounds, such as [K(18-crown-6)]<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>Pb<sub>9</sub>·(en)<sub>1.5</sub>. This is not a simple Zintl compound, but rather contains the organic molecules [18-crown-6](/source/18-crown-6) and  [ethylenediamine](/source/ethylenediamine) (en) in order to stabilize the crystal structure.<ref>
{{cite journal
  | last = Yong
  | first = Li
  |author2=Stephan D. Hoffmann |author3=Thomas F. Fässler
  | title = A low-dimensional arrangement of [Pb<sub>9</sub>]<sup>4−</sup> clusters in [K(18-crown-6)]<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>Pb<sub>9</sub>·(en)<sub>1.5</sub>
  | journal = Inorganica Chimica Acta
  | volume = 359
  | issue = 15
  | pages = 4774–4778
  | publisher = Elsevier
  | date = 1 December 2006
  | doi = 10.1016/j.ica.2006.04.017
}}
</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Monatomic anion compounds}}

Category:Lead compounds
Category:Intermetallics
Category:Anions
Category:Cluster chemistry

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Plumbide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbide) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbide?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.