# Plochingen

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**Plochingen** (ˈplɔxɪŋən; swg: *Blocheng* or *Blochenga*) is a town in the [district of Esslingen](/source/Esslingen_(district)) in [Baden-Württemberg](/source/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg) in southern [Germany](/source/Germany). It lies on the river [Neckar](/source/Neckar), on which it has a river port. With about 14,000 inhabitants, it is part of the [Stuttgart Metropolitan Region](/source/Stuttgart_Metropolitan_Region).

## Geography

### Geographical location

Plochingen is about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east-southeast of the district town *[Esslingen am Neckar](/source/Esslingen_am_Neckar)* and in the same direction about 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the state capital [Stuttgart](/source/Stuttgart). The town is situated on the right banks of the [Fils](/source/Fils_(river)) and the outflowing [Neckar](/source/Neckar). In the area of the town, three [Natural areas](/source/Natural_area) collide, the [Foreland of the central Swabian Alb](/source/Foreland_of_the_central_Swabian_Alb) in the southeast, the subspace *[Schurwald](/source/Schurwald)* of the natural area *Schurwald and Welzheimer Wald* in the northeast, and the subspace [Nürtinger-Esslinger Neckartal](/source/N%C3%BCrtinger-Esslinger_Neckartal), which is part of the *[Filder](/source/Filder)*, along the larger of the two rivers in the west. The lowest point in the town area is in the very west at the outflow of the Neckar at 247 metres (810 ft) above sea level, the highest point is in the very north at the *White Stone* on the *Schurwaldkamm* at about 448 metres (1,470 ft) above sea level, from which forest areas cover a large part of the town area.

### Neighboring villages/towns

Neighbouring towns are in turn the community [Altbach](/source/Altbach) in the west, the district town [Esslingen am Neckar](/source/Esslingen_am_Neckar) in the northwest, the community [Baltmannsweiler](/source/Baltmannsweiler) in the northeast and the community [Reichenbach an der Fils](/source/Reichenbach_an_der_Fils) in the east, in the southeast briefly the municipality [Hochdorf](/source/Hochdorf,_Esslingen), in the south the town [Wernau (Neckar)](/source/Wernau_(Neckar)), in the southwest the municipality [Deizisau](/source/Deizisau), all of which also belong to the district of Esslingen.

### Urban planning

Plochingen includes the town of Plochingen and the district of Stumpenhof to the north-east of the town.[2]

### Land usage

According to data from the [Statistical State Office Baden-Württemberg](/source/Statistisches_Landesamt_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg), status 2014.[3]

## History

### Ancient

Due to its convenient location at the mouth of the Fils into the Neckar, people have been living in the area since the earliest times, which is attested by finds from the Stone Age. Finds of weapons and grave goods from the Bronze Age give evidence of a settlement belonging to the [Urnfield culture](/source/Urnfield_culture). Also from the [Hallstatt period](/source/Hallstatt_period) grave mounds indicate that there might have been a continuous Celtic settlement up to the Roman period. In classical antiquity the [Romans](/source/Roman_Empire) and in the early Middle Ages the [Alamanni](/source/Alamanni) settled in the area.[4]

### From the middle ages to the 19th century

In the High Middle Ages, Plochingen was situated in the territory of the *[Herzogtum Schwaben](/source/Herzogtum_Schwaben)* and formed part of the *Neckargau*. The place was first mentioned in 1146 as *Blochingen* in a document of the king [Conrad III of Hohenstaufen](/source/Conrad_III_of_Germany). There were two castles in Plochingen, but nothing remains of them.[5] From the 12th to the 14th century the seat of a noble family can be proven for Plochingen.[6] In 1331, the lord of the castle *Johann von Plochingen* sold some property in Plochingen to the hospital in [Esslingen](/source/Esslingen_am_Neckar). The Württemberg part of Plochingen, originally with the bailiwick of Nellingen, was already subordinated to the office in Stuttgart at the beginning of the 15th century. Since the 12th century Plochingen had had a market for building materials, salt and agricultural goods, including in particular wine, grain, fishing and livestock.[6] In 1536 Duke Ulrich von Württemberg pushed through the Reformation.[7] In 1545 the first bridge over the Neckar was built, replacing a medieval footbridge. In addition, a bridge over the Fils was built, so that bridge tolls could be charged for it. After the [Battle of Nördlingen](/source/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1645)) lost for Württemberg, Plochingen's convenient location had a negative effect on the traffic situation during the Thirty Years' War, as imperial troops plundered the town as early as 1634 and many houses burned down. The population of about 1300 people before the war sank to about 500 inhabitants after the war. In 1698 Plochingen became a post station on the imperial [postal line](/source/Post_road) between [Antwerp](/source/Antwerp) and [Venice](/source/Venice), operated by the House of Thurn- und Taxis. In 1778 the *Hofwerkmeister* Johann Christian Adam Etzel (1743-1801; uncle of [Gottlieb Christian Eberhard von Etzel](/source/Gottlieb_Christian_Eberhard_von_Etzel)) built the covered [wooden bridge](/source/Wooden_bridge) with a self-supporting span of 70 metres without intermediate pillars across the Neckar, which then became famous in Europe,[8] 1905 it was replaced by the extension of the railway station completely intact. In 1808, the municipality moved from the [Amtsoberamt Stuttgart](/source/Amtsoberamt_Stuttgart) to the newly established [Oberamt Esslingen](/source/Oberamt_Esslingen) in implementing the new [administrative division of Württemberg](/source/Administrative_division_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg) in the [Kingdom of Württemberg](/source/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg). In 1846, the construction of the *[Filstalbahn](/source/Filstalbahn)* as far as Plochingen led to the connection to the emerging network of the *[Württembergische Staatsbahnen](/source/K%C3%B6niglich_W%C3%BCrttembergische_Staats-Eisenbahnen)*, only one year after a train had run for the first time in Württemberg on the line between [Cannstatt](/source/Cannstatt) and *[Untertürkheim](/source/Untert%C3%BCrkheim)*. In 1888 the *[Schwäbische Albverein](/source/Schw%C3%A4bischer_Albverein)* was founded in the Waldhorn Restaurant.

### 20th century

In 1905 the wooden bridge from 1778 was replaced by an iron bridge over the Neckar. On 1 June 1913 a tornado destroyed numerous buildings in Plochingen.[9] During the district reform during [NS period in Württemberg](/source/W%C3%BCrttemberg_during_the_National_Socialism) Plochingen came to the district of Esslingen in 1938. After the Second World War, the community fell into the [American occupation zone](/source/American_occupation_zone) and was located in the state [Württemberg-Baden](/source/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden) from 1945 to 1952. On April 13, 1948, the municipality of Plochingen was elevated to the status of a town, which became part of the new federal state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. On 12 July 1968 the Neckarhafen Plochingen was inaugurated. Since the beginning of the [S-Bahn](/source/S-Bahn_Stuttgart) operation in the Stuttgart area on October 1, 1978, the vehicles have been technically maintained and cleaned in the [Bahnbetriebswerk Plochingen](/source/Bahnbetriebswerk_Plochingen).

In 1998, Plochingen hosted the [Landesgartenschau](/source/Landesgartenschau) Baden-Württemberg.

### Religion

Since the [Reformation](/source/Reformation) Plochingen has been [evangelical](/source/Evangelical_Church_in_Germany) shaped. There is also a Roman Catholic church. In recent years, an Evangelical Methodist and a New Apostolic Church have also been established.

### Population development

The population figures are estimates, or official updates of the Statistical Office.

Day Population 1618 1,320 1635 250 1 December 1871 1,881 1 December 1900 2,413 17 May 1939 5,446 13 September 1950 8,148 6 July 1961 11,358 27 May 1970 12,953 25 May 1987 12,140 31 December 1995 13,085 31 December 2000 14,191 31 December 2005 14,319 31 December 2010 14,209 31 December 2015 13,997 31 December 2016 14,086 31 December 2017 14,213 31 December 2018 14,433

## Politics

### Administrative association

Plochingen forms with [Altbach](/source/Altbach) and [Deizisau](/source/Deizisau) the *[Gemeindeverwaltungsverband Plochingen](/source/Gemeindeverwaltungsverband_Plochingen)*. *Frank Buß*, the mayor of the town of Plochingen, is the chairman of the administrative association.[10]

The town of Plochingen also runs its own businesses. These are the *Stadtwerke* (Public utilities), the *Eigenbetrieb Abwasserbeseitigung* (Own operation sewage disposal) and the *Eigenbetrieb Wohnen* (Owner-occupied living).[11]

### Mayors

- 1946–1947: Gerhard Kühlkopf
- 1947–1951: August Schöck
- 1951–1969: Emil Hartung
- 1969–2008: Eugen Beck
- since 2008: Frank Buß (* 1964)[1]

### Town council

The municipal council in Plochingen has 22 members. The local elections in Baden-Württemberg 2019 led to the following official final result.[12] The local council consists of the elected honorary local councillors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council.

Parties and electoral communities % 2019 Seats 2019 % 2014 Seats 2014 CDU-WG Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands–Wahlgemeinschaft 31.64 7 30.75 7 SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands 26.79 6 29.78 7 OGL Offene Grüne Liste Plochingen e.V. 22.39 5 19.06 4 ULP Unabhängige Liste Plochingen 19.19 4 0 -- FW Freie Wähler Plochingen e.V. 0 -- 20.41 4 gesamt 100.0 22 100.0 22 Wahlbeteiligung 55.64 % 47.01 %

### Crest

The town coat of arms is five times diagonally left divided by blue and gold. The town colours are blue and yellow.

## Economy and infrastructure

- Neckar harbour with the settlement of around 20 companies and an annual turnover of around 1,400,000 tonnes.
- For some years now, wine has been grown again in Plochingen. The Plochingen sites belong to the large *Weinsteige* site in the Remstal-Stuttgart area.

### Traffic

The town can be reached by car via [Bundesstraße 10](/source/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_10) from [Stuttgart](/source/Stuttgart) in about 25 minutes. At the *[Plochinger Dreieck](/source/Plochinger_Dreieck)* the [B 313](/source/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_313) branches off, direction [Tübingen](/source/T%C3%BCbingen) and [Stockach](/source/Stockach) from the B 10 In addition to this motorway-like structure, two further road bridges and a pedestrian bridge span the Neckar near Plochingen.

The [Plochingen station](/source/Bahnhof_Plochingen) is a traffic junction of the [Deutsche Bahn](/source/Deutsche_Bahn) at the *[Neckar-Alb-Bahn](/source/Bahnstrecke_Plochingen%E2%80%93T%C3%BCbingen)* (Stuttgart-[Tübingen](/source/T%C3%BCbingen)-[Horb am Neckar](/source/Horb_am_Neckar)) and the *[Filstalbahn](/source/Filstalbahn)* (Stuttgart-[Ulm](/source/Ulm)-[Munich](/source/Munich)). It is served by long-distance trains, regional trains and the S1 line of the [S-Bahn Stuttgart](/source/S-Bahn_Stuttgart). The maintenance of the railcars of the S-Bahn Stuttgart takes place in the [Depot Plochingen](/source/Bahnbetriebswerk_Plochingen).

The **Neckar harbour** (dt. *Neckarhafen*) in Plochingen has been the end point of the navigable [Neckar](/source/Neckar) since 12 July 1968. It was designed as a port for commercial inland navigation exclusively for the pure transport of goods without passenger shipping. The port area extends along two harbour basins. Responsible for the conception, realisation and development was from 1954 to 1992 harbour director Heinz Kreeb. Since 1992, Eberhard Weiß has been entrusted with the management of the port. Nearly 20 companies with an investment volume of around [EUR](/source/EUR) 100,000,000 have settled in the Neckar harbour. The main transhipment goods are iron/steel products/scrap, animal feed/grain, mineral oil and wood. The goods handling per year amounts to more than 1,300,000 tons.

### Resident companies

- [German headquarters of Decathlon](/source/Decathlon_(retailer)) (sports retail chain)
- [CeramTec GmbH](/source/CeramTec) ([Technical Ceramic](/source/Technical_Ceramic))
- [Robert Bosch GmbH](/source/Robert_Bosch_GmbH) (Motor vehicle testing technology, training)

### Educational institutions

Plochingen has a [Gymnasium](/source/Gymnasium_(Germany)) ([Gymnasium Plochingen](/source/Gymnasium_Plochingen)), a [Realschule](/source/Realschule), a [Grundschule](/source/Grundschule) and [Werkrealschule](/source/Werkrealschule), a [Special school](/source/Special_school) and a pure primary school. There are also nine kindergartens in the town. Furthermore, Plochingen is home to a GARP education centre for the IHK Region Stuttgart e.V.

## Culture and sights

Plochingen is lies on the [Württemberger Weinstraße](/source/W%C3%BCrttemberger_Weinstra%C3%9Fe) with many sights.

### Buildings

- The market place with half-timbered houses, including the *Old Town Hall* (1530)
- The gothic [Church St. Blasius](/source/St._Blasius_Plochingen) (1488)
- The *Ottilien Chapel* (1328)
- The *Gablenberg House* (1799)
- The [Hundertwasserhaus](/source/Hundertwasserhaus_Plochingen) *"Living under the Rain Tower"* (1991-1994)
- The present town hall (1900) with the municipal gallery
- The Catholic Church *St. Konrad* (1929)
- The *Vineyard Tower*
- The Outlookout Tower at Stumpenhof
- The public toilet house designed by [Tomi Ungerer](/source/Tomi_Ungerer) *"Les Toilettes"* (2007) next to the Ottilienkapelle

### Free time

The [Park railway in the Neckarauen](/source/Parkbahn_in_den_Neckarauen) is a 1.5-kilometre (0.93-mile) park railway that is operated every weekend from Easter Monday to October.

## Twin towns – sister cities

See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany](/source/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany)

Plochingen is [twinned](/source/Sister_city) with:[13]

- [Landskrona](/source/Landskrona_Municipality), Sweden (1971)
- [Zwettl](/source/Zwettl), Austria (1993)
- [Oroszlány](/source/Oroszl%C3%A1ny), Hungary (2010)

## Notable people

- Christian Friedrich Löw (1778–1843), Schultheiß in Beuren, Member of Landtag
- Ferdinand Huttenlocher (1856–1925), sculptor and painter
- Heinz Mauser (1919–1995), chemist and professor
- [Gotthilf Fischer](/source/Gotthilf_Fischer) (1928–2020), choral conductor known for founding the [Fischer-Chöre](/source/Fischer-Ch%C3%B6re)
- Gerhard Mahler (1930–1996), entrepreneur and politician (CDU), former Member of Landtag
- Egon Eigenthaler ([de](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Eigenthaler)) (born 1938), advertising graphic designer, politician (Republikaner), Member of Landtag
- [Siegfried K. Wiedmann](/source/Siegfried_K._Wiedmann) (born 1938), electrical engineer
- [Hanns-Werner Heister](/source/Hanns-Werner_Heister) (born 1946), musicologist
- Thomas Franz (born 1953), major general of German Luftwaffe

## References

1. [Bürgermeisterwahl Plochingen 2024](https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-plochingen-2024/), Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.

1. *Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. Band III: Regierungsbezirk Stuttgart, Regionalverband Mittlerer Neckar.* Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-17-004758-2, S. 236–237.

1. [Statistisches Landesamt, Fläche seit 1988 nach tatsächlicher Nutzung](https://www.statistik-bw.de/BevoelkGebiet/GebietFlaeche/015152xx.tab?R=GS116056) für Plochingen.

1. [Leo BW Plochingen Altgemeinde - Ortslage und Siedlung](https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/440/Plochingen+-+Altgemeinde~Teilort)

1. [Burgen und Schlösser des Landkreises Esslingen](https://web.archive.org/web/20080424050214/http://www.burgeninventar.de/html/bw/ESSL_big.html#698) 2008-04-24 at the Wayback Machine

1. [Max Miller](/source/Max_Miller_(historian)), [Gerhard Taddey](/source/Gerhard_Taddey) (Hrsg.): *[Handbuch der historischen Stätten Deutschlands](/source/Handbuch_der_historischen_St%C3%A4tten_Deutschlands).* Band 6: *Baden-Württemberg* (= *[Kröners Taschenausgabe](/source/Kr%C3%B6ners_Taschenausgabe).* Band 276). 2., verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage. Kröner, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-520-27602-X, S. 634.

1. [Leo BW Plochingen Altgemeinde – Kirche und Religion](https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/440/Plochingen+-+Altgemeinde~Teilort)

1. [Abbildung von 1905 einsehbar auf](https://www.archivportal-d.de/item/GI4CIWZFBIJH72S4O6JU3XRI4FTZEJOE?facetValues%5B%5D=context%3DNKHAG7L6DO2NENLLBMTHUN7QHHS5T6Z6&rows=20&offset=0&viewType=list&hitNumber=1)

1. [Stadt Plochingen – Aus der Geschichte](http://www.plochingen.de/,Lde/start/Tourismus+_+Verkehr/Aus+der+Geschichte.html#anker1010352) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130518065622/http://www.plochingen.de/,Lde/start/Tourismus+_+Verkehr/Aus+der+Geschichte.html#anker1010352) 2013-05-18 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 15 January 2013.

1. ["Behördenwegweiser"](https://www.plochingen.de/-/behoerdenwegweiser/gemeindeverwaltungsverband---plochingen-altbach-deizisau-stadt-plochingen/oe6010204)

1. ["Eigenbetriebe der Stadt Plochingen"](https://www.plochingen.de/start/verwalten+_+gestalten/eigenbetriebe+der+stadt+plochingen.html)

1. [Election information of the municipal computer centre](https://wahlen.iteos.de/AGS116056/116056g-2019.htm)

1. ["Partnerstädte"](https://www.plochingen.de/start/erkunden+_+orientieren/Partnerstaedte.html) (in German). *plochingen.de*. Plochingen. Retrieved 2021-03-11.

## External links

- [Official website](http://www.plochingen.de) (in German)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Plochingen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plochingen) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plochingen?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.