# Plectrogenium

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{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = 
| image = Plectrogenium nanum.jpg
| image_caption = ''P. nanum''
| parent_authority = 
| taxon = Plectrogenium
| authority = [C. H. Gilbert](/source/Charles_Henry_Gilbert), 1905
| type_species = Plectrogenium nanum
| type_species_authority = Gilbert, 1905
}}

'''''Plectrogenium''''', is a [genus](/source/genus) of marine [ray-finned fish](/source/ray-finned_fish)es, the '''stinger flatheads''' in the family [Plectrogeniidae](/source/Plectrogeniidae).  This genus is found in the [Indian](/source/Indian_Ocean) and [Pacific](/source/Pacific_Ocean) Oceans.

==Taxonomy==
''Plectrogenium'' was originally named as a [monotypic](/source/Monotypic_taxon) genus in 1905 by the American [ichthyologist](/source/ichthyologist) [Charles Henry Gilbert](/source/Charles_Henry_Gilbert) when he [described](/source/Species_description) what was then considered to be its only species,<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Plectrogeniidae|access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref> ''Plectrogenium nanum'', from Hawaii.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Plectrogenium|access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref> The genus name,  ''Plectrogenium'', is a compound of ''plectro'', which means "spur", and ''genys'', which means "cheek"or "chin", an allusion to the lines of robust spines along the sides of the head.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes11/ | title = Order PERCIFORMES: Suborder PLATYCEPHALOIDEI: Families BEMBRIDAE, PARABEMBRIDAE, PLATYCEPHALIDAE, HOPLICHTHYIDAE and PLECTROGENIIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 7 December 2021 | access-date = 18 April 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

==Species==
The currently recognized species in this genus are:<ref name = CofF/>
* ''[Plectrogenium barsukovi](/source/Plectrogenium_barsukovi)'' <small>[Mandritsa](/source/Sergey_Anatolyevich_Mandritsa), 1992</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium capricornis](/source/Plectrogenium_capricornis)'' <small>[Matsunuma](/source/Mizuki_Matsunuma), [Uesaka](/source/Kenta_Uesaka), [Yamakawa](/source/Takeshita_Yamakawa) & [Endo](/source/Hiromitsu_Endo), 2021</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium kamoharai](/source/Plectrogenium_kamoharai)'' <small>Uesaka, Yamakawa, Matsunuma & Endo, 2021</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium kanayamai](/source/Plectrogenium_kanayamai)'' <small>Uesaka, Yamakawa, Matsunuma & Endo, 2021</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium longipinnis](/source/Plectrogenium_longipinnis)'' <small>Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium megalops](/source/Plectrogenium_megalops)'' <small>Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium nanum](/source/Plectrogenium_nanum)'' <small>[C. H. Gilbert](/source/Charles_Henry_Gilbert), 1905</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium occidentalise](/source/Plectrogenium_occidentalise)'' <small>Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium rubricauda](/source/Plectrogenium_rubricauda)'' <small>Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021</small>
* ''[Plectrogenium serratum](/source/Plectrogenium_serratum)'' <small>Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021</small>

==Characteristics==
''Plectrogenium'' is characterised by having a laterally compressed body with a number of spines and ridges on the head. There are venom glands on the spines in the [dorsal](/source/Dorsal_fin), [anal](/source/anal_fin) and [pelvic fin](/source/pelvic_fin)s.<ref name = Fishbase>{{cite web | url = https://www.fishbase.se/Summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=579 | title = Family Plectrogeniidae - Stinger flatheads | access-date = 18 April 2022 | editor1 =  Froese, Rainer | editor2 = Pauly, Daniel | date = February 2022 | website = FishBase}}</ref> The dorsal fin typically has 12 spines and 7<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> soft rays, the dorsal fin is split into 2 fins with 2 spines in the anterior part of the second dorsal fin. There are between 22 and 25 rays in the [pectoral fin](/source/pectoral_fin)s and they have 30-35 vertical rows of [ctenoid scale](/source/ctenoid_scale)s on the body. There are flattened spines on the suborbital ridge which resembles that of the [Platycephalidae](/source/Platycephalidae). The mouth is positioned ventrally.<ref name= Eschmeyer1975>{{cite journal | author1 = [William N. Eschmeyer](/source/William_N._Eschmeyer) | author2 = [John E. Randall](/source/John_E._Randall) |name-list-style = and | year = 1975 | title = The Scorpaenid Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands Including New Species and New Records (Pisces:Scorpaenidae) | journal = Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences |series=Series 4| volume = 40 | issue = 11 | pages = 265–334 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15774513#page/275/mode/1up}}</ref> They are small fishes with standard lengths of less than {{cvt|10|cm}}<ref name = Fishbase2>{{FishBase genus|genus=Plectrogenium|month=February|year=2022}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Plectrogenium'' is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans from Madagascar to Hawaii.<ref name = Matsunuma2021>{{cite journal | author1 = Matsunuma, M. | author2 = Uesaka, K. | author3 = Yamakawa, T.  | author4 = Hiromitsu Endo | name-list-style = & | title = Review of the Indo-Pacific scorpaenoid genus ''Plectrogenium'' Gilbert 1905 (Plectrogeniidae) with descriptions of eight new species | journal = Ichthyological Research | date = 2022 | volume = 69 | issue = 3 | pages = 299–351 | doi = 10.1007/s10228-021-00844-z | bibcode = 2022IchtR..69..299M }}</ref> They are [bathydemersal](/source/bathydemersal) fishes which are found at depths greater than {{cvt|250|m}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2325680}}

Category:Scorpaenidae
Category:Marine fish genera
Category:Taxa named by Charles Henry Gilbert

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Plectrogenium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrogenium) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrogenium?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.