# Plathymenia
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{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{For|the mollusc genus|Plathymenia (mollusc)}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Plathymenia foliolosa.jpg
| image_caption = Mature tree
| image2 = Plathymenia reticulata.jpg
| image2_caption = Seed pods
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = [{{cite iucn |author=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). |author2=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |date=2019 |title=''Plathymenia reticulata'' |volume=2019 |article-number=e.T62027353A149012494 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T62027353A149012494.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}]
| genus = Plathymenia (plant)
| parent_authority = [Benth.](/source/George_Bentham) (1840), nom. cons.
| species = reticulata
| authority = [Benth.](/source/George_Bentham) (1841)
| synonyms =
* ''Chrysoxylon'' {{small|Casar. (1843)}}
* ''Echyrospermum'' Schott (1823), ''[nom. rej.](/source/nomen_rejiciendum)''
* ''Pirottantha'' Speg. (1916)
* ''Chrysoxylon vinhatico'' {{small|Casar. (1843)}}
* ''Pirottantha modesta'' {{small|Speg. (1916)}}
* ''Plathymenia foliolosa'' {{small|Benth. (1841)}}
* ''Plathymenia foliolosa'' var. ''paraguariensis'' {{small|Chodat & Hassl. (1904)}}
* ''Plathymenia modesta'' {{small|(Speg.) Burkart (1939)}}
| synonyms_ref = [[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328383-2 ''Plathymenia'' Benth.] ''[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)''. Retrieved 15 September 2023.][[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328385-2 ''Plathymenia reticulata'' Benth.] ''[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)''. Retrieved 15 September 2023.]
}}
'''''Plathymenia reticulata''''' ({{langx|pt|vinhático}}) is a species of [legume](/source/legume) native to much of eastern [South America](/source/South_America). It is placed in its own genus, '''''Platyhymenia''''', although other species have previously been recognised in that genus. It grows up to {{convert|30|m|abbr=on}} tall, and has distinctive flattened seed pods. Its wood is rot-resistant, and is widely used as a structural timber.
==Description==
''Plathymenia reticulata'' grows up to {{convert|30|m|-2}} tall, with a [diameter at breast height](/source/diameter_at_breast_height) (d.b.h.) of up to {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}; in [cerrado](/source/cerrado) or [savanna](/source/savanna)h habitats, it is smaller, reaching a height of only {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} and a d.b.h. of {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}}.[{{cite journal |author=R. C. Barneby |year=1983 |title=(711)-(712) Proposals to conserve ''Plathymenia'' against ''Echyrospermum'' and ''Peltogyne'' against ''Orectospermum'' (Leguminosae) |journal=[Taxon](/source/Taxon_(journal)) |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=488–490 |jstor=1221525|doi=10.2307/1221525 }}]
==Distribution and ecology==
''Plathymenia reticulata'' is a widespread tree in the [cerrado](/source/cerrado) and [Atlantic Forest](/source/Atlantic_Forest) biomes of South America, but is not found in the more xeric [caatinga](/source/caatinga) biome.[{{cite journal |author=Renan Milagres Lage Novaes, José Pires de Lemos Filho, Renata Acácio Ribeiro & Maria Bernadete Lovato |year=2010 |title=Phylogeography of ''Plathymenia reticulata'' (Leguminosae) reveals patterns of recent range expansion towards northeastern Brazil and southern Cerrados in Eastern Tropical South America |journal=[Molecular Ecology](/source/Molecular_Ecology) |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=985–998 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04530.x|pmid=20149092 |bibcode=2010MolEc..19..985N |s2cid=24293098 }}] It occurs in [Suriname](/source/Suriname), [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia), [Paraguay](/source/Paraguay), the [Misiones Province](/source/Misiones_Province) of [Argentina](/source/Argentina) and 14 [states of Brazil](/source/states_of_Brazil),[{{GRIN | ''Plathymenia reticulata'' | 28807 | accessdate = October 8, 2013}}] at altitudes of {{convert|30|-|1300|m|-2}}.[{{cite web |author=Paulo Ernani Ramalho Carvalho |title=Vinhático, ''Plathymenia reticulata'' |work=Comunicado Técnico 231 |publisher=[Embrapa](/source/Empresa_Brasileira_de_Pesquisa_Agropecu%C3%A1ria) |url=http://www.cnpf.embrapa.br/publica/comuntec/edicoes/CT231.pdf |language=Portuguese }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}]
The [phenology](/source/phenology) of ''P. reticulata'' varies across its range; in São Paulo state, [flowering](/source/flowering) occurs from July to October, but elsewhere it is can start as late as November, and end as late as December.[{{cite journal |author1=M. C. Warwick |author2=G. P. Lewis |name-list-style=amp |year=2003 |title=Revision of ''Plathymenia'' (''Leduminosae''–''Mimosoideae'') |journal=[Edinburgh Journal of Botany](/source/Edinburgh_Journal_of_Botany) |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=111–119 |doi=10.1017/S0960428603000106|doi-access=free }}] The name ''Plathymenia'' derives from the [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek_language) roots {{lang|grc|[πλατύς](/source/%3Awikt%3A%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%82)}} (''{{lang|grc|platys}}'', meaning "flat") and {{lang|grc|[ὑμήν](/source/%3Awikt%3A%E1%BD%91%CE%BC%CE%AE%CE%BD)}} (''{{lang|grc|hymen}}'', meaning "[membrane](/source/Biological_membrane)"), in reference to the winged seeds.[{{cite book |author=Harvey Green |year=2007 |title=Wood: Craft, Culture, History |publisher=[Penguin](/source/Penguin_Books) |isbn=978-1-101-20185-5 |page=166 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQzZri48QvcC&pg=PT166}}] and is widely used for [anchor](/source/anchor)s, fence-posts and for many other structural uses.