# Plan Zuid
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{{Short description|City expansion project of Amsterdam, Netherlands}}
[[File:PlanZuidAmsterdam.jpg|thumb|290px|Plan Zuid 1915, authorization by the City Council 1917, ([H.P.Berlage](/source/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage))]]
The '''Plan Zuid''' ("South Plan") is an urban development plan of [Amsterdam South](/source/Amsterdam-Zuid) in the city of [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam), [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands), designed by architect [Hendrik Petrus Berlage](/source/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage).[{{cite web | url=http://www.artzuid.nl/en/plan-zuid/ | title=Plan Zuid (1917) | publisher=www.artzuid.nl | accessdate=20 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729030658/http://www.artzuid.nl/en/plan-zuid/ | archive-date=29 July 2014 | url-status=dead }}] Berlage was responsible for the urban concept (1915) and the architects of the [Amsterdam School](/source/Amsterdam_School) (partly [expressionist](/source/Expressionist_architecture) architects) designed the implementation of the plan.
Some years later Berlage was one of the leading architects of a new urban plan in Amsterdam, called [Plan West](/source/Plan_West_(Amsterdam)) (1922-1927). Here Berlage designed the center of Plan West, the architecture of the Mercatorplein (main square).
==First project==
At the beginning of the 20th century, Berlage was asked by the [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam) city council to design a plan for developing the undeveloped area south of the city between the rivers [Amstel](/source/Amstel) and [Schinkel](/source/Schinkel_(river)). In 1904, Berlage presented an ambitious plan of winding streets, which was closely joined to the existing city. After research showed that this plan would be very costly and inefficient, Berlage was asked to go back to the drawing board.
==Final project==
[[File:Amsterdam PL Tak Complex.jpg|thumb|"De Dageraad", part of Plan Zuid, well-known [social housing](/source/social_housing) estate, B-Tellegenstraat / PL-Takstraat, 1923 ([Piet Kramer](/source/Piet_Kramer), middle) ([Michel de Klerk](/source/Michel_de_Klerk), right) ]]
thumb|"De Dageraad", situation plan. Street-Y: B-Tellegenstraat (\/) / PL-Takstraat (I)
[[File:Plattegrond van Amsterdam-Zuid met daarin alle uitgevoerde gebouwen in 1922.jpg|thumb|Plan Zuid, urban plan 1915 by [H.P.Berlage](/source/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage), state of infills 1922, "De Dageraad" is on the right side ]]
[[File:Amsterdam-topografie.jpg|thumb|[Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam), Plan Zuid (in the middle of the map) ]]
thumb|Street-Y: Vrijheidslaan (I), Rooseveltlaan (\), Churchill-laan (/)
[[File:Aschool18.jpg|thumb|Vrijheidslaan, middle-class housing, 1923 ([Michel de Klerk](/source/Michel_de_Klerk)) ]]
Berlage presented a new plan in 1915, with straight narrow streets and long [blocks](/source/urban_block), intersected by several broad axes. This plan proved much more feasible and efficient. In 1917 the City Council granted approval to the plan. The New South district was built in the style of the [Amsterdam School](/source/Amsterdam_School) between 1917 and 1925, consisting of the [Stadionbuurt](/source/Stadionbuurt), [Apollobuurt](/source/Apollobuurt) and [Rivierenbuurt](/source/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)) neighbourhoods. A large part of the [Nieuwe Pijp](/source/Nieuwe_Pijp) neighbourhood derives from the Plan Zuid.
Berlage's design was only roughly implemented. On the spot where he had planned a teaching hospital, a large housing association designed by [Michel de Klerk](/source/Michel_de_Klerk) and [Piet Kramer](/source/Piet_Kramer) called "De Dageraad" (The Dawn) housing complex was built. It was opened in July 1922 by the alderman festive Housing, SR de Miranda.
File:Berlage1.jpg|Plan Zuid 1904, urban plan for the south of [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam), ([H.P.Berlage](/source/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage))
File:PlanZuidAmsterdam.jpg|Plan Zuid 1915, authorization by the City Council 1917, ([H.P.Berlage](/source/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage))
File:Vogelvlucht Zuiderstation en Plan Zuid.jpg|Plan Zuid 1915, air view, [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam) Zuid Station
File:Vogelvlucht Plan Zuid vanaf de Amstel.jpg|Plan Zuid 1915, air view, Street-Y and river [Amstel](/source/Amstel)
File:Wendingen1927-6-7-p5-PlanWestAmsterdam-Berlage.jpg|[Plan West](/source/Plan_West_(Amsterdam)) 1922-1927, architecture of the Mercatorplein, ([H.P.Berlage](/source/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage))
File:PlanWestAmsterdam1922-1927Architects.jpg|[Plan West](/source/Plan_West_(Amsterdam)) 1922-1927, Mercatorplein, main square
==Bibliography==
* Sergio Polano, ''Hendrik Petrus Berlage'', (with essays by Giovanni Fanelli, Jan de Heer, Vincent van Rossum), Phaidon Press London 2002.
* Sigfried Giedion, ''Space, Time and Architecture'', (part Amsterdam Urban Planning 1900-1930), Harvard University Press Cambridge Mass. 2009.
* Vladimir Stissi, ''Amsterdam, het mekka van de volkshuisvesting 1909-1942 (Amsterdam, the Mecca of Social Housing 1909-1942)'', Dutch edition, 500 ill., NAi Rotterdam 2007.
==External links==
* [http://magazines.iaddb.org/periodicals/WEN Plan Zuid], in [Wendingen](/source/Wendingen) magazine, website IADDB, (publication date, not date in magazine):
* Wendingen 1923-4, (May 1923), "Plan Zuid"
* Wendingen 1924-9/10, (Feb. 1925), "[Michel de Klerk](/source/Michel_de_Klerk), buildings"
* Wendingen 1929-11/12, (Oct. 1930), "Plan Zuid"
* [Plan West 1922-1927, Amsterdam](/source/%3Anl%3APlan_West) (Wikipedia Nederlands)
* [https://www.hetschip.nl/en/about-the-museum/locations/de-dageraad] Museum De Dageraad with permanent exhibition about Plan Zuid
==References==
{{reflist}}
Category:Geography of Amsterdam
Category:20th century in Amsterdam
Category:Urban planning
Category:City plans
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Plan Zuid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.