# Piya

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{{Short description|Chinese dictionary compiled by Lu Dian}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2021}}  
The '''''Piya''''' ({{zh|c=埤雅|p=''Píyǎ''|w=''P'i-ya''}}; "Increased [Er]ya") was a [Chinese dictionary](/source/Chinese_dictionary) compiled by [Song Dynasty](/source/Song_Dynasty) scholar Lu Dian ([陸佃/陆佃](/source/%3Azh%3A%E9%99%86%E4%BD%83), 1042–1102). He wrote this ''[Erya](/source/Erya)'' supplement along with his ''Erya Xinyi'' (爾雅新義 "New Exegesis of the ''Erya''") commentary. Although the ''Piya'' preface written by his son Lu Zai (陸宰/陆宰) is dated 1125, the dictionary was written earlier;{{r|Liu1963_87}} estimates around the Yuanfeng era (元豐, 1078–1085), and [Joseph Needham](/source/Joseph_Needham) says around 1096.{{r|Needham1986_192}}

Lu Dian arranged the ''Piya'' into 8 semantically based chapters that closely correspond with the last [''Erya'' chapters](/source/Erya) 13–19. The only exceptions are Chapter 5 ("Explaining Horses") that is contained in ''Erya'' 19 ("Explaining Domestic Animals") and Chapter 8 ("Explaining Heaven") that anomalously corresponds with the first part of the ''Erya''.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chapter
! [Chinese](/source/Chinese_language)
! [Pinyin](/source/Pinyin)
! Translation
! [Erya](/source/Erya) Chapter
|-
| 1 ||  釋魚 ||  Shiyu ||  Explaining Fishes || 16
|-
| 2 ||  釋獸 ||  Shishou ||  Explaining Beasts || 18
|-
| 3 ||  釋鳥 ||  Shiniao ||  Explaining Birds || 17
|-
| 4 ||  釋蟲 ||  Shichong ||  Explaining Insects ||  15
|-
| 5 ||  釋馬 ||  Shima ||  Explaining Horses ||  (19)
|-
| 6 ||  釋木 ||  Shimu ||  Explaining Trees ||  14
|-
| 7 ||  釋草 ||  Shicao ||  Explaining Plants ||  13
|-
| 8 ||  釋天 ||  Shitian ||  Explaining Heaven || 8
|}

The preface explains Lu's motives for defining flora and fauna terminology. Since Song officials changed the basis for the [Imperial examination](/source/Imperial_examination) from mastering poetry to ''jingyi'' (經義/经义 "expounding on a classical quotation"), literati no longer studied the lyrical names for plants and animals.

==See also==
*''[Xiao Erya](/source/Xiao_Erya)''
*''[Shiming](/source/Shiming)''
*''[Guangya](/source/Guangya)''

==References==
<references>

<ref name=Liu1963_87>{{cite book |last=Liu |first=Yeqiu 刘叶秋 |date=1963 |title=Zhongguo gudai de zidian 中国古代的字典 |trans-title=Dictionaries of Ancient China |location=Beijing |publisher=Zhonghua Shuju |lang=zh |page=87}}</ref>
<ref name=Needham1986_192>Needham, Joseph, Lu Gwei-djen, and Huang Hsing-Tsung (1986). ''Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 6 Biology and Biological Technology, Part 1 Botany''. Cambridge University Press. p. 192.</ref>

</references>

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041126141849/http://lib.cuhk.edu.hk/information/rarebook/collection/pages/d21sh21.htm 1478 Korean woodblock edition ''Piya''], Chinese University of Hong Kong Rare Book Collection (in Chinese)

{{Dictionaries of Chinese}}

Category:Song dynasty literature
Category:Chinese dictionaries
Category:11th-century Chinese books

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Piya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piya) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piya?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.