# Pinxit

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[[File:Leonardo da Vinci LUCAN self-portrait PORTRAIT.jpg|thumb|Attributed to [Cristofano dell'Altissimo](/source/Cristofano_dell'Altissimo) or [Leonardo da Vinci](/source/Leonardo_da_Vinci) - Portrait of a man, signed Pinxit Mea]]
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'''{{Lang|la|Pinxit}}''' (from [Latin](/source/Latin): 'one painted') is a stylized amendment added to the signature depiction of the name of the person responsible for a work of art, found conventionally in the [Late Middle Ages](/source/Late_Middle_Ages) and the [Renaissance](/source/Renaissance_art). It is sometimes abbreviated '''''P''''', '''''PIN''''', or '''''PINX''''', as in some paintings by [Raphael](/source/Raphael).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Goffen|first=Rona|title=Raphael's Designer Labels: From the Virgin Mary to La Fornarina|journal=[Artibus et Historiae](/source/Artibus_et_Historiae)|year=2003|volume=24|issue=48|pages=123–42|doi=10.2307/1483734|jstor=1483734|url=http://aumnicat.aum.edu:2068/stable/pdfplus/1483734.pdf}}</ref> The locution ''me pinxit'' is found on a 12th-century crucifix, not in a sense connected to individual authorship but rather as a more impersonal devotional statement, a "pious [formula] appropriate for liturgical gifts".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Schwartz|first=Michael|title=Raphael's Authorship in the ''Expulsion of Heliodorus''|journal=[The Art Bulletin](/source/The_Art_Bulletin)|year=1997|volume=79|issue=3|pages=466–92|doi=10.2307/3046262|jstor=3046262}}</ref>

Its use by [Duccio](/source/Duccio) {{circa|1255–1260}} – {{circa|1318–1319}}) on the ''Maestà'' in [Siena Cathedral](/source/Siena_Cathedral) is seen as an "audacious" claim by the author, who asserts an individual status on a par with that of the city.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Christiansen|first=Keith|title=Duccio and the Origins of Western Painting|journal=[The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin](/source/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Bulletin)|year=2008|volume=66|series=New Series|issue=1|pages=1, 6–61|jstor=25434148}}</ref> By the [Late Middle Ages](/source/Late_Middle_Ages) in [Venice](/source/Venice) and elsewhere ''pinxit'' (or other forms of ''pingere'', in [Gothic lettering](/source/Blackletter)) had become customary, and was often found on a ''[cartellino](/source/cartellino)'', "any form of fictive paper carrying an inscription", established in Venice by the 1440s. Other verbs used to establish authorship include conjugations of ''facere'' ("to make"; ''[fecit](/source/fecit)'' ("made by") was frequently used by [Titian](/source/Titian)) or ''fingere'' ("to conceive").<ref>{{cite journal|last=Matthew|first=Louisa C.|title=The Painter's Presence: Signatures in Venetian Renaissance Pictures|journal=[The Art Bulletin](/source/The_Art_Bulletin)|year=1998|volume=80|issue=4|pages=618–48|doi=10.2307/3051316|jstor=3051316}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Prisant|first1= Carol|last2=Jussel|first2=Chris|title=Antiques Roadshow Primer: The Introductory Guide to Antiques and ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRKhaO4Ys0AC&pg=PA128|year=1999|isbn=978-0761116240|pages=128–131|publisher= Workman}}</ref>

In 18th century [New Spain](/source/New_Spain), artists increasingly included ''pinxit Mexici'' (painted in [Mexico](/source/Mexico)) on works bound for the European market as a sign of pride in their artistic tradition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Painted in Mexico, 1700–1790: Pinxit Mexici |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2018/pinxit-mexici |website=www.metmuseum.org |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |quote=This expression eloquently encapsulates the painters' pride in their own tradition and their connection to larger, transatlantic trends.}}</ref>

==Latin==
''pinxit'' is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of pingō, with the meanings: I decorate or [embellish](/source/embellish); I [paint](/source/paint), [tint](/source/tint) or [colour](/source/colour); I portray.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Category:Latin words and phrases
Category:Visual arts terminology
Category:Painting

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pinxit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinxit) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinxit?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.