# Pinealon

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pinealon
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pinealon.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealon
> Source revision: 1330691149
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Purported geroprotective agent}}
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| image             = Pinealon.svg
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| CAS_number        = 175175-23-2
| PubChem           = 10273502
| ChemSpiderID = 8448980
| DrugBank          = 
| ChEBI = 156374
| synonyms          = Glu-Asp-Arg
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| IUPAC_name        = (4''S'')-4-Amino-5-<nowiki>[[</nowiki>(2''S'')-3-carboxy-1-<nowiki>[[</nowiki>(1''S'')-1-carboxy-4-(diaminomethylideneamino)butyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| StdInChI=1S/C15H26N6O8/c16-7(3-4-10(22)23)12(26)21-9(6-11(24)25)13(27)20-8(14(28)29)2-1-5-19-15(17)18/h7-9H,1-6,16H2,(H,20,27)(H,21,26)(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H,28,29)(H4,17,18,19)/t7-,8-,9-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey = QPRZKNOOOBWXSU-CIUDSAMLSA-N
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'''Pinealon''', also known as '''EDR peptide''', is a synthetic [tripeptide](/source/tripeptide) of sequence (Glu-Asp-Arg) and purported [geroprotector](/source/geroprotector) documented in the Russian scientific literature.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meshchaninov VN, Tkachenko EL, Zharkov SV, Gavrilov IV, Katyreva I | title = Effect of Synthetic Peptides on Aging of Patients with Chronic Polymorbidity and Organic Brain Syndrome of the Central Nervous System in Remission | journal = Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 62–67 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26390612 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mendzheritskiĭ AM, Karantysh GV, Ivonina KO | title = [Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats] | journal = Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 74–79 | date = 2011 | pmid = 21809624 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Khavinson V, Ribakova Y, Kulebiakin K, Vladychenskaya E, Kozina L, Arutjunyan A, Boldyrev A | title = Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes | journal = Rejuvenation Research | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–541 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21978084 | doi = 10.1089/rej.2011.1172 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kozina LS | title = [Investigation of antihypoxic properties of short peptides] | journal = Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–67 | date = 2008 | pmid = 18546825 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((Khavinson VKh)), Lin'kova NS, Tarnovskaya SI, Umnov RS, Elashkina EV, Durnova AO | date = May 2014 | title = Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex | url = | journal = Bull Exp Biol Med | volume = 157 | issue = 1| pages = 77–80 | doi = 10.1007/s10517-014-2496-y | pmid = 24909721 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Khavinson V, Linkova N, Kozhevnikova E, Trofimova S | title = EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease | journal = Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) | volume = 26 | issue = 1 | page = 159 | date = 2020-12-31 | pmid = 33396470 | pmc = 7795577 | doi = 10.3390/molecules26010159 | doi-access = free | issn = 1420-3049 }}</ref> Pinealon is one of several tripeptide "bioregulators" developed in Russia.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Bashkireva AS, Artamonova VG | title = [The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers] | journal = Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 718–728 | date = 2012 | pmid = 23734521 | issn = 1561-9125 }}</ref><ref>Yumpu.com. "[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/52954279/prof-galina-ryzhak-st-petersburg-institute-of-bioregulation-and-/6 GARMONIA Ltd.] – visit u". ''yumpu.com''. Retrieved 2024-06-11.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Kitachev KV, Sazonov AB, Kozlov KL, Petrov KI, Sliusarev AS, Khavinson VK | title = [The efficacy of peptide bioregulators of vessels in lower limbs chronic arterial insufficiency treatment in old and elderly people] | journal = Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 156–159 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25051774 | issn = 1561-9125 }}</ref>

== Research ==
Pinealon has been shown to protect rat offspring from prenatal [hyperhomocysteinemia](/source/hyperhomocysteinemia) and correspondingly improve post natal cognitive function.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Arutjunyan A, Kozina L, Stvolinskiy S, Bulygina Y, Mashkina A, Khavinson V | title = Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia | journal = International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 179–185 | date = 2012-04-06 | pmid = 22567179 | pmc = 3342713 }}</ref>

Pinealon likewise maintains learning retention rats with experimentally-induced diabetes.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Karantysh GV, Fomenko MP, Menzheritskii AM, Prokof'ev VN, Ryzhak GA, Butenko EV | title = Effect of Pinealon on Learning and Expression of NMDA Receptor Subunit Genes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Experimental Diabetes | journal = Neurochemical Journal | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 314–320 | date = July 2020 | doi = 10.1134/S181971242003006X | language = en | s2cid = 255382498 | issn = 1819-7132 }}</ref>

== Chemistry ==
Pinealon is a tripeptide composed of [<small>L</small>-glutamic acid](/source/glutamic_acid), [<small>L</small>-aspartic acid](/source/aspartic_acid), and [<small>L</small>-arginine](/source/arginine) and is notated as Glu-Asp-Arg or EDR.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Pinealon | work = PubChem | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10273502 | access-date = 2023-09-18 | language = en }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [Adamax](/source/Adamax)
* [Cartalax](/source/Cartalax)
* [Epitalon](/source/Epitalon)
* [GHK-Cu](/source/GHK-Cu)
* [KPV tripeptide](/source/KPV_tripeptide)
* [Selank](/source/Selank)
* [Semax](/source/Semax)
* [Vladimir Khavinson](/source/Vladimir_Khavinson)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Category:Tripeptides
Category:Neuroprotective agents
Category:Peptide therapeutics
Category:Russian drugs

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pinealon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealon) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinealon?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.