# Pierce-Arrow Model X

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pierce-Arrow_Model_X
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pierce-Arrow_Model_X.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Model_X
> Source revision: 1350933507
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

1911 American heavy truck

Motor vehicle

Pierce-Arrow Model X Overview Manufacturer Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company Production 1913–1922 Designer H. Kerr Thomas & John Younger Body and chassis Body style 2-ton truck Layout Cab behind engine Powertrain Engine 4-cylinder inline petrol 25.6 hp (19.1 kW)[note 1] Transmission 3-forward, 1-reverse Propulsion 4x2 Dimensions Wheelbase 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) standard 15 ft (4.57 m) extra long Length 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m) standard 21 ft 6 in (6.55 m) extra long Width 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m)

The **Pierce-Arrow Model X** was a truck model manufactured by the American firm [Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company](/source/Pierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company) from 1913 to 1922. The Pierce-Arrow Model X was used in very large numbers by French and US militaries during the [First World War](/source/First_World_War).

## Design

The Model X was a [cab behind engine](/source/Conventional_truck), [rear-wheel drive](/source/Rear-wheel_drive) truck with a payload capacity of 2 short tons (1.79 long tons; 1.81 t).[1][2] The Model X was available in two chassis lengths, the standard chassis had a wheelbase of 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) and an overall chassis length of 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m), the extra long chassis had a wheelbase of 15 ft (4.57 m) and an overall chassis length of 21 ft 6 in (6.55 m).[1][2] The bare chassis was 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) in width.[1][2]

The Model X was powered by a [4-cylinder inline](/source/Straight-four_engine) 25.6 hp (19.1 kW)[note 1] [T-head](/source/T-head_engine) petrol engine with a bore and stroke of 4 by 5+1⁄2 in (102 by 140 mm), ignition was by [magneto](/source/Ignition_magneto), a 13 US gal (11 imp gal; 49 L) fuel tank was standard.[1][2] The truck was driven through a three-speed transmission and the rear axle featured [worm final drive](/source/Worm_drive).[1][2] It was fitted with a foot actuated [transmission brake](/source/Transmission_brake) and hand actuated rear [drum](/source/Drum_brake) brakes.[1][2]

## History

US Army 2-ton Model X

In 1910 Pierce-Arrow was looking to expand their commercial truck business, and on the advice of a young engineer, Francis W. Davis, the company hired two designers from British truck manufacturers.[3][4] Upon their arrival H. Kerr Thomas formerly of [Hallford](/source/J_%26_E_Hall) and John Younger formerly of [Dennis](/source/Dennis_Brothers), commenced designing a completely new range of trucks, the first of which was the 5-ton [Model R](/source/Pierce-Arrow_Model_R) which was introduced in 1911.[3][5] Following this, in 1913 the company introduced a smaller 2-ton model, the Model X.[5]

During the [First World War](/source/First_World_War), large numbers of Model Xs were built, between April 1914 and the time of the Armistice in 1918 7,051 Model Xs were produced.[6] The Model X was purchased in large numbers by the French and US militaries for service during the war, the French purchased 2,100 for military service during the conflict.[6][7]

Production of the Model X continued through the 1920s with few modifications, by 1921 Pierce-Arrow's total truck sales had dropped to 709 vehicles, and in 1922 the company suspended production of the Model X for newer models.[5]

## See also

- [Pierce-Arrow Model R](/source/Pierce-Arrow_Model_R)

## Notes

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Horsepower_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Horsepower_3-1) [S.A.E. or N.A.C.C. horsepower](/source/Tax_horsepower#United_States) rating.[1][2]

## References

### Citations

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company191493_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company191493_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company191493_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company191493_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company191493_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company191493_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company191493_1-6) [Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company (1914)](#CITEREFPierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company1914), p. 93.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970192_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970192_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970192_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970192_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970192_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970192_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970192_2-6) [Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers (1970)](#CITEREFAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers1970), p. 192.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorganoDemand1978104_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorganoDemand1978104_4-1) [Georgano & Demand (1978)](#CITEREFGeorganoDemand1978), p. 104.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhaneufMenzies200666_5-0)** [Phaneuf & Menzies (2006)](#CITEREFPhaneufMenzies2006), p. 66.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERalston1980204_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERalston1980204_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERalston1980204_6-2) [Ralston (1980)](#CITEREFRalston1980), p. 204.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPullen201420_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPullen201420_7-1) [Pullen (2014)](#CITEREFPullen2014), p. 20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonifaceJeudy1996203_8-0)** [Boniface & Jeudy (1996)](#CITEREFBonifaceJeudy1996), p. 203.

### Bibliography

- Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers (1970). *Hand book of automobiles, 1915-1916*. New York: Dover Publications Inc. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-486-22689-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-22689-1).

- Boniface, Jean-Michel; Jeudy, Jean-Gabriel (1996). *Les camions de la Victoire: le service automobile pendant la Grande Guerre, 1914-1918* [*The trucks of Victory: motor transport during the Great War, 1914-1918*] (in French). Paris: Massin. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9782402439756](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782402439756).

- Georgano, G. N.; Demand, Carlo (1978). *Trucks: an Illustrated History, 1896–1920*. Lausanne: Edita. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8467-0500-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8467-0500-1).

- Phaneuf, Ingrid; Menzies, James (2006). *Trucks of the World: over 240 of the world's greatest trucks*. Bath: Paragon Publishing. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-40546-725-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-40546-725-8).

- Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company (1914). [*Pierce-Arrow Motor Trucks*](https://revsinstitute.org/WMS/1004787332.pdf) (PDF). Buffalo, New York.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher))

- Pullen, Richard (November 2014). "Allied trucks of the Great War". *[Military Machines International](/source/Military_Machines_International)*. Stamford: Key Publishing.

- Ralston, Marc (1980). *Pierce-Arrow*. San Diego: A.S Barnes and Co. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-498-02451-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-498-02451-2).

## External links

Media related to [Pierce-Arrow X](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pierce-Arrow_X) at Wikimedia Commons.

v t e US military soft-skinned vehicles of World War I Cars & trucks AEC Y Type Commer RC Dennis A Type Fiat 15 Foden 5-ton steam wagon Ford Model T FWD Model B Jeffery Quad Liberty truck M1918 light repair truck Mack AC Militor truck Peerless TC4 Pierce-Arrow Model X Artillery tractors Holt 45 Holt 75 Holt 120 Latil TAR Military vehicles of the United States List of soft-skinned vehicles of the US military

v t e French soft-skinned vehicles of the First World War Cars & trucks Ariès R6 [fr] Barron-Vialle Types A–G [fr] Berliet CBA Fiat 15 Fiat 18 Ford Model T Jeffery Quad Panhard K14 [fr] Peugeot Type 153 Peugeot Type 1504 [fr] Peugeot Type 1515 [fr] Pierce-Arrow Model R Pierce-Arrow Model X Renault EP [fr] Artillery tractors Châtillon-Panhard Holt 45 Latil TAR Latil TP [fr] Renault EG Schneider CD [fr] World War I vehicles of France

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pierce-Arrow Model X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Model_X) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Model_X?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.