# Phlebopus
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{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Phlebopus portentosus 98202.jpg
| image_caption = ''Phlebopus portentosus''
| taxon = Phlebopus
| authority = ([R.Heim](/source/Roger_Heim)) [Singer](/source/Rolf_Singer) (1936)
| type_species = ''Phlebopus colossus''
| type_species_authority = ([R.Heim](/source/R.Heim)) [Singer](/source/Rolf_Singer) (1936)
| subdivision = 12, see text
| synonyms_ref = [ The genus has a widespread distribution in [subtropical](/source/subtropical) and [pantropical](/source/pantropical) regions, and contains 12 species. The species are [saprobic](/source/saprobic), with some possibly able to form [mycorrhiza](/source/mycorrhiza)e with exotic trees in certain conditions.][ It contains the gigantic ''[Phlebopus marginatus](/source/Phlebopus_marginatus)'', the [cap](/source/pileus_(mycology)) of which can reach {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter.][
==Taxonomy==
The genus was originally described as a [subgenus](/source/subgenus) of ''[Boletus](/source/Boletus)'' by [Roger Heim](/source/Roger_Heim) in 1936,][ and raised to generic status by [Rolf Singer](/source/Rolf_Singer) that year.][ It was later redescribed with another [type species](/source/type_species) (''Phaeogyroporus braunii'') under the name ''Phaeogyroporus'' by [Rolf Singer](/source/Rolf_Singer) in 1944.][ This name was used until 1981, when a specimen of ''Phlebopus colossus'' was collected and mycologist [Paul Heinemann](/source/Paul_Heinemann) designated it as the [lectotype](/source/lectotype).][
The genus name is derived from the [Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) Φλεβο- "vein" and πους "foot".][{{cite book | author = Liddell, Henry George | author-link = Henry George Liddell | author2 = Robert Scott | author2-link = Robert Scott (philologist) | name-list-style = amp | year = 1980 | title = [A Greek-English Lexicon](/source/A_Greek-English_Lexicon) | publisher = [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press) | location = United Kingdom | isbn =0-19-910207-4| edition = Abridged }}]
==Description==
''Phlebopus'' is similar in appearance to species in the genus ''[Gyrodon](/source/Gyrodon)'', but distinguished by its olive-brown to brown [spore print](/source/spore_print), its stem which is never hollow, and its smooth [spore](/source/spore)s which are brownish when viewed with a light microscope.[
==Importance==
''Phlebopus tropicus'' has been shown to form a crust of [mycelium](/source/mycelium) around the roots of species of ''[Citrus](/source/Citrus)'' in Brazil, covering colonies of the comstock mealybug ''[Pseudococcus comstocki](/source/Pseudococcus_comstocki)'' which attack the roots of these plants after they have been carried there by ants (''[Solenopsis saevissima](/source/Solenopsis_saevissima)'' var. ''moelleri''); these mycelial crusts are called "''criptas''" by Brazilian writers. The ''Pseudococcus'' living in [symbiosis](/source/symbiosis) with the fungus is believed to be the immediate reason for the subsequent death of the affected trees, but the action of an endotrophic [mycorrhiza](/source/mycorrhiza)l fungus weakens the plant before the attack of the ''Pseudococcus'' takes place.][
''Phlebopus portentosus'' and ''P. spongiosus'' are popular [edible mushroom](/source/edible_mushroom)s in the cuisine of northern Thailand. They can produce fruiting bodies without a host plant, and can be therefore cultivated.][{{Cite journal |last1=Kumla |first1=Jaturong |last2=Suwannarach |first2=Nakarin |last3=Lumyong |first3=Saisamorn |date=2022-01-03 |title=Cultivation of Edible Tropical Bolete, Phlebopus spongiosus, in Thailand and Yield Improvement by High-Voltage Pulsed Stimulation |journal=Agronomy |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=115 |doi=10.3390/agronomy12010115 |issn=2073-4395|doi-access=free }}][{{Cite journal |last=Kumla |first=Jaturong |last2=Danell |first2=Eric |last3=Lumyong |first3=Saisamorn |date=2015-01-01 |title=Improvement of yield for a tropical black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, cultivation in northern Thailand |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1340354014000461 |journal=Mycoscience |language=en |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=114–117 |doi=10.1016/j.myc.2014.04.005 |issn=1340-3540|url-access=subscription }}] ''P. bruchii'' is consumed as an edible mushroom in Argentina.[
==Species==
{{As of|2023|February}}, [Index Fungorum](/source/Index_Fungorum) lists the following species in ''Phlebopus'':
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Image !!Name !! Taxon Author !! Year
|-
|120px||''[Phlebopus beniensis](/source/Phlebopus_beniensis)'' || (Singer & Digilio) Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus brasiliensis](/source/Phlebopus_brasiliensis)'' || Singer || 1983
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus braunii](/source/Phlebopus_braunii)'' || (Bres.) Heinem. || 1951
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus bruchii](/source/Phlebopus_bruchii)'' || (Speg.) Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus colossus](/source/Phlebopus_colossus)'' || (R. Heim) Singer || 1936
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus cystidiosus](/source/Phlebopus_cystidiosus)'' || Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus harleyi](/source/Phlebopus_harleyi)'' || Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus latiporus](/source/Phlebopus_latiporus)'' || Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982
|-
|120px||''[Phlebopus marginatus](/source/Phlebopus_marginatus)'' || Watling & N.M. Greg. || 1988
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus mexicanus](/source/Phlebopus_mexicanus)'' || Cifuentes, Cappello, T.J. Baroni & B. Ortiz || 2015
|-
|120px||''[Phlebopus portentosus](/source/Phlebopus_portentosus)'' || (Berk. & Broome) Boedijn || 1951
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus silvaticus](/source/Phlebopus_silvaticus)'' || Heinem. || 1951
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus spongiosus](/source/Phlebopus_spongiosus)'' || Pham & Har. Takah. || 2012
|-
|120px||''[Phlebopus sudanicus](/source/Phlebopus_sudanicus)'' || (Har. & Pat.) Heinem. || 1954
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus tropicus](/source/Phlebopus_tropicus)'' || (Rick) Heinem. & Rammeloo || 1982
|-
| ||''[Phlebopus viperinus](/source/Phlebopus_viperinus)'' || Singer || 1947
|-
|120px||''[Phlebopus xanthopus](/source/Phlebopus_xanthopus)'' || T.H. Li & Watling || 1999
|}
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
][{{cite journal |doi= 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832626 |vauthors= Binder M, Hibbett DS|year=2006|title=Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales|journal=Mycologia|volume=98|issue=6|pages=971–81 |pmid=17486973}}]
[{{cite journal |vauthors=Deschamps J, Moreno G |year=1999 |title=''Phlebopus bruchii'' (Boletales): An edible fungus from Argentina with possible commercial value |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=72 |pages= 205–13 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0072/0205.htm |access-date=2010-05-18}}]
[{{cite journal |author=Heim R. |year=1936 |title=Observations sur la flore mycologique malgache. III, Trois bolets gigantesque d'Afrique et de Madagascar |trans-title=Observations on the mycological flora of Madagascar. III,. Three gigantic boletes of Africa and Madagascar |journal=Revue de Mycologie |volume=1 |pages=3–18 |language=fr}}]
[{{cite journal |vauthors= Heinemann P, Rammeloo J|year= 1982|title=-Observations sur le genre ''Phlebopus'' (Boletineae) |trans-title=Observations on the genus ''Phlebopus'' (Boletineae) |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=384–404 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0015/0384.htm |access-date=2010-05-18 |language=fr}}]
[{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=522 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}]
[{{cite journal |vauthors=Sanmee R, Lumyong P, Dell B, Lumyong S |year=2010 |title=In vitro cultivation and fruit body formation of the black bolete, ''Phlebopus portentosus'', a popular edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in Thailand |journal=Mycoscience |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=15–22 |doi=10.1007/s10267-009-0010-6 |s2cid=85746875 }}]
[{{cite journal |author=Singer R. |year=1936 |title=Das System der Agaricales |journal=Annales Mycologici |volume=34 |issue=4/5 |pages=286–378 |language=de}}]
[{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/3754752 |author=Singer R. |year=1944 |title=New genera of fungi. I |journal=Mycologia |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=358–68 |jstor=3754752 }}]
[{{cite book |author=Singer R. |title=The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy |edition=4th |publisher=Koeltz Scientific Books|location=Koenigstein |year=1986|pages=744–46|isbn=3-87429-254-1}}]
[{{cite web |title=''Phlebopus'' (R. Heim) Singer 1936 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=60038&Fields=All |publisher=[MycoBank](/source/MycoBank). International Mycological Association |access-date=2012-03-28}}]
}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2149503}}
Category:Boletales
Category:Boletales genera
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Phlebopus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlebopus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlebopus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.