# Phineas Finn

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1869 novel by Anthony Trollope

Not to be confused with [Phineas Flynn](/source/Phineas_Flynn).

Phineas Finn, the Irish Member Title page from the first edition in book form. Author Anthony Trollope Illustrator John Everett Millais Language English Series Palliser Genre Political fiction Publisher St. Paul's (serial); Virtue & Company (book) Publication date October 1867 – May 1868 (serial); March 1869 (book) Publication place England Media type Print (serial and hardback) Pages [i] 320pp; [ii] 328pp Preceded by Can You Forgive Her? Followed by The Eustace Diamonds

***Phineas Finn*** is a novel by [Anthony Trollope](/source/Anthony_Trollope) and the name of its leading character. The novel was first published as a monthly serial from 1867 to 1868 and issued in book form in 1869. It is the second of the "[Palliser](/source/Palliser_novels)" series of novels. Its sequel, *[Phineas Redux](/source/Phineas_Redux)*, is the fourth novel in the series.

It deals with British politics of the 1860s, including voting reform, [secret ballot](/source/Secret_ballot#United_Kingdom), [rotten boroughs](/source/Rotten_boroughs), and Irish [tenant-right](/source/Tenant-right), as well as Finn's romances with women of fortune, which would secure his financial future.

## Synopsis

**Volume I:** In [Killaloe, County Clare](/source/Killaloe%2C_County_Clare), Phineas Finn is the only son of a successful doctor who can afford to send him to London to study law. His friend Laurence Fitzgibbon stirs Finn's appetite for politics. Loughshane, a [pocket borough](/source/Pocket_borough) in Ireland, is controlled by [Tory](/source/Conservative_Party_(UK)) Lord Tulla. He declines to oppose Finn's attempt to win the borough for the [Liberals](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Party_(UK))&action=edit&redlink=1).

Finn is elected to Parliament without a salary. He decides to make a go of politics on his father's small allowance. Within the social circle of his fellow MPs, he falls in love with Lady Laura Standish, the wealthy daughter of a prominent Liberal politician. Just before he can propose to her, Lady Laura reveals she has accepted Robert Kennedy. She confides the marriage is necessary to settle the debts of her brother Oswald, Lord Chiltern.

Lady Laura mentors Phineas and helps him advance through the party. He makes a disastrous [maiden speech](/source/Maiden_speech), but he gets on well with his peers, particularly reformer Joshua Monk. Tulla reconciles with the Tories, and Finn cannot retain his seat. He happens to save Mr. Kennedy from a [garrotting](/source/Garrotte). Lady Laura convinces her father to let Finn stand for the family borough of Loughton, since her brother is uninterested in representing it.

Chiltern and Finn become close friends. Chiltern's family has long intended for him to marry Violet Effingham, a wealthy orphan who lives with her aunt. Violet has refused Chiltern's proposals countless times. Finn becomes enraptured by Violet and pursues her. Chiltern is incensed by what he sees as a betrayal and challenges Finn to a duel.

**Volume II:** Chiltern and Finn duel in [Blankenberg](/source/Blankenberge). Finn does not aim at Chiltern, but Chiltern wounds him.

A wealthy widow, Madame Max Goesler, begins to socialise in Parliamentary circles. She becomes Finn's confidante. He is appointed [Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies](/source/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies), with a salary of £2,000 a year.

Lady Laura's marriage grows more difficult as Kennedy cannot ignore her interest in Finn. Kennedy even suggests their relationship may be improper. Lady Laura refuses to live with a man who suspects her and retreats to her father's. Kennedy will not relinquish his rights as a husband. So, Lady Laura flees to [Dresden](/source/Dresden).

Finn follows his party's support for a [Reform Act](/source/Reform_Act), even though it means his own seat will be abolished. He finds Lord Tulla is indifferent to Loughshane again, and wins the seat back. He returns to Ireland with Mr. Monk, who is on a speaking tour in support of Irish tenant farmers. Finn gives a speech at their stop in [Dublin](/source/Dublin) where he supports a vote on Monk's [tenant-right](/source/Tenant_Right_League) bill. While in Ireland, he proposes to Mary Flood Jones, a friend of his sister who has loved him since she was a teenager.

Because Monk's bill is not the official policy of the party, Finn is at odds with the leadership. He is despondent that he must resign. Madame Goesler offers to marry him and support his career with her fortune. Though tempted, Finn returns to Mary in Ireland. His party rewards Finn's previous service with a £1,000/year sinecure as a poor-law inspector in [Cork](/source/Cork_(city)).

## Characters

- Phineas Finn – only son of an Irish doctor, trains as a lawyer, becomes a member of parliament (MP) for various constituencies, and attains a ministerial position.

- Lady Laura Kennedy (née Standish) – wife of Mr. Kennedy, whose proposal she accepts to cover her brother's debts.

- Violet Effingham – orphan and heiress, close friend of Lady Laura, and intended for Oswald.

- Oswald, Lord Chiltern – reprobate brother of Lady Laura; his proposals are constantly rejected by Violet.

- Robert Kennedy – MP and owner of a massive estate in Scotland

- Lord Brentford – father of Lady Laura and of Lord Chiltern.

- Madame Max Goesler – wealthy widow who woos both the Duke of Omnium and Phineas.

- Laurence Fitzgibbon – MP and party functionary who cons Phineas into accepting his debts.

- Barrington Erle – Party functionary, private secretary to Prime Minister Mildmay.

- Mary Flood Jones – friend of Phineas' younger sister Barbara and in love with Phineas.

- Mr. & Mrs. Bunce – Phineas' landlord and landlady in London.

- Mr. Low – Phineas' law tutor.

- Dr. Malachi Finn – father of six children, of whom Phineas is the only son.

- Mr. Monk – a reformer who becomes Finn's mentor

- Mr. Turnbull – a radical MP

- Mr. Mildmay – Prime Minister when the novel begins

- Mr. Gresham – Prime Minister when the novel ends

## Historical background

In October 1867, the very month that *Phineas Finn* began its serial run, Trollope resigned his position in the [General Post Office](/source/General_Post_Office). His salary was now dwarfed by his royalties.[1]: xiii When the 14th instalment of the novel was being published, in November 1868, Trollope ran as a [Liberal](/source/Liberal_Party_(UK)) in the Parliamentary election for [Beverley](/source/Beverley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)#Elections_in_the_1860s). He finished last, and the seat was held by the [Conservative Party](/source/Conservative_Party_(UK)) although the general election returned the Liberal Party to a parliamentary majority.[1]: xvi Ironically, the Beverley election was set aside and the seat voided because of bribery, touching on some of the central issues of Trollope's novel.[2]

*Phineas Finn* is the second instalment of Trollope's [hexalogy](/source/Book_series) known as *The Palliser Novels*, often referred to as his political or Parliamentary novels. The author considered *Phineas Finn* and *Phineas Redux* to be two halves of one novel, despite the fact that the latter instalment was published as the fourth in the series, after *[The Eustace Diamonds](/source/The_Eustace_Diamonds)*.[3]: 277

### Politics

Phineas' saga begins Trollope's political project in earnest. In order to enable him to shift the focus of the cycle more towards Parliament, Trollope was given permission by the [Speaker](/source/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)) of the [House of Commons](/source/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom) to observe proceedings for several months.[3]: 274

Trollope covers a wide range of current political issues in *Phineas Finn*, such as the construction of the [Canadian Pacific Railway](/source/Canadian_Pacific_Railway), the [War Office's](/source/War_Office) procurement process, [disestablishment of the Irish Church](/source/Irish_Church_Act_1869), and corrupt electoral practices such as [treating](/source/Treating). The novel sends up the vacuity of politics by showing Liberals and Conservatives voting against their own stated positions when they see a tactical advantage in doing so.[4] Several policy tensions are structural to the plot of the novel.

Trollope regretted making **Ireland** Phineas' home. It created narrative issues he could not tidily resolve, and he felt it made English readers less sympathetic towards his protagonist.[3]: 275[5]: 157 Phineas is supposed to be a Liberal, but his opposition to [Home Rule](/source/Irish_Home_Rule_movement) is antithetical to the politics of the 1860–70s.[5]: 152 Yet his downfall comes when he adopts Mr. Monk's Liberal position on tenant rights, during their Irish tour. The closer he is to home, the more Irish he is and the more liberal.[6]

**Voting Reform** is the chief political tension of the novel, and Trollope largely dramatises the actual events behind the [Second Reform Act](/source/Reform_Act_1867). The bill was designed by Liberal Prime Minister [Earl Russell](/source/John_Russell%2C_1st_Earl_Russell) to increase the voting population by 40% and resolve issues such as rotten boroughs, which had not been fully addressed by the [Reform Act 1832](/source/Reform_Act_1832). It was defeated in June 1866, just five months before Trollope began writing *Phineas Finn*. That led to the resignation of Russell's government and the rise of the Conservative Disraeli, who produced his own version of the bill. Disraeli's Act ended up doubling the voting population and led to the Liberal Party returning to power in the election of 1868. Trollope changes very little in this sequence of events, aside from making the Liberals the ultimate reforming party.[7]: 357–8

### Personalities

*Phineas Finn* was seen as a *[roman à clef](/source/Roman_%C3%A0_clef)*. Initial reviews immediately speculated on the real identities of Trollope's characters, and scholars have continued the guessing game.[1]: xiv–v Despite Trollope's public insistence that he was not parodying politicians, he admitted cannibalising their affects in his private writings.[8][9]: 121

**Phineas Finn** is viewed as a composite of the traits and personalities of various figures, including his author.[10][9]: 132–3 One common suggestion for the inspiration for the character is [John Pope Hennessy](/source/John_Pope_Hennessy), a Roman Catholic from [Cork](/source/Cork_(city)), who was elected as an Irish Nationalist Conservative [MP](/source/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)) for [King's County](/source/King's_County_(UK_Parliament_constituency)) in 1859.[11] Since the publication of the book, conjectures have pointed to a wide range of people including [John Sadleir](/source/John_Sadleir), [Chichester Fortescue](/source/Chichester_Parkinson-Fortescue%2C_1st_Baron_Carlingford), [William Gregory](/source/William_Henry_Gregory), [Colonel King-Harman](/source/Edward_King-Harman), and [Isaac Butt](/source/Isaac_Butt).[12][5]: 149

**Mr. Mildmay** is commonly identified as [John Russell](/source/John_Russell%2C_1st_Earl_Russell), who was serving as Prime Minister when Trollope was drafting the novel. **Mr. Daubeny** was supposed to be Disraeli. **Mr. Gresham** was [William Gladstone](/source/William_Ewart_Gladstone).[9]: 121 **Lord Chiltern** was assumed to be [Spencer Cavendish](/source/Spencer_Cavendish%2C_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire).[13]

Partially because **Madame Max Goesler** and Phineas marry in *Redux*, her character is often surmised as a gloss on [Frances, Dowager Countess Waldegrave](/source/Frances_Waldegrave), who made Chichester Fortescue her fourth husband.[9]: 132

## Publication history

Trollope wrote *Phineas Finn* from 17 November 1866 to 15 May 1867.[14] His 800-page quarto manuscript is owned by [Beinecke Library](/source/Beinecke_Rare_Book_%26_Manuscript_Library) at [Yale](/source/Yale_University).[7]: xx The novel was serialized in *St. Paul's Magazine* from October 1867 to May 1869.[15] Each of the 20 installments included a captioned illustration by John Everett Millais:[1]: xxviii

1867 1. October: Chapters I-IV 2. November: V–VII 3. December: VIII–XI 1868 4. January: XII–XV 5. February: XVI–XIX 6. March: XX–XXIII 7. April: XXIV–XXVI 8. May: XXVII–XXX 9. June: XXXI–XXXIII 10. July: XXXIV–XXXVII 11. August: XXXVIII–XLI 12. September: XLII–XLVI 13. October: XLVII–L 14. November: LI–LIII 15. December: LIV–LVII 1869 16. January: LVIII–LXI 17. February: LXII–LXIV 18. March: LXV–LXVIII 19. April: LXIX–LXXII 20. May: LXXIII–LXXVI[7]: xx

Virtue & Company published it in two volumes with Millais' illustrations in March 1869.[1]: xiii [Harper & Brothers](/source/Harper_(publisher)#Harper_&_Brothers_(1833–1962)) brought out an American edition in July of that same year.[16]

[James Virtue](/source/James_Sprent_Virtue) paid Trollope £3,200 for the novel's copyright. That figure matched what he was paid for his next book, *[He Knew He Was Right](/source/He_Knew_He_Was_Right)*. Trollope's advances declined steadily afterwards. *Phineas Finn* did not sell enough copies to make a profit.[17]: 290

## Response

*[The Spectator](/source/The_Spectator)* favorably reviewed the book version of *Phineas Finn* in 1869. It found the title character to be frustratingly drawn by Trollope without enough of an inner life. However, it did praise Lord Chiltern as a near peer of the "indelible" George Vavasor in *[Can You Forgive Her?](/source/Can_You_Forgive_Her%3F)*, and felt that Mr. Kennedy "is as wonderful a picture as Mr. Trollope has yet drawn."[18]

*[The Saturday Review](/source/Saturday_Review_(London_newspaper))* panned the novel primarily because of its portrayal of Mr. Turnbull, whom it deemed to be a thinly disguised version of [John Bright](/source/John_Bright). Dismissing most of the author's characters as forgettable, it lamented, "It is only the contemplation of Mr. Bright that acts upon Mr. Trollope as a red rag upon a bull," and they excoriate the practice of violating the confidence of a politician's "after-dinner conversations and habits". The review concludes that *Phineas Finn's* only utility will be so a "future historian may refer to it to discover what was the material of which Mr. Bright’s waistcoats were made."[19]

*[The Daily Telegraph](/source/The_Daily_Telegraph)* attacked Trollope for his unflattering portrayal of politicians, particularly John Bright. Comparing his practice, and that of [Benjamin Disraeli](/source/Benjamin_Disraeli), to witches tormenting wax figures, the *Telegraph* said, "The author of *[Vivian Grey](/source/Vivian_Grey)* did something utterly indefensible when he introduced public men as characters in his tales. That is an entirely unfair use of the story-teller’s art…no novelist, is warranted in using gossip or reports—true tales or lying legends—which he has heard in the confidence of private life".[20] Trollope wrote a letter the day the *Telegraph's* review appeared and insisted that his novel was not drawn from life. He protested that he only meant to depict a "turbulent demagogue" in Mr. Turnbull. "I intended neither portrait or caricature, and most assuredly I have produced neither."[21]

*[The Dublin Review](/source/Dublin_Review_(Catholic_periodical))* had high praise for the novel and Trollope's writing in general, "He holds a place, not only unrivalled, but undisputed, as the realistic portrayer of the middle classes of English society." Their review praised his knowledge of "the machinery of Parliament" and the issues of "the land question in Ireland", which they felt exceeded the familiarity of average Irishmen themselves. They found the novel such a sympathetic portrait of Ireland that they urged, "some Irish constituency should do itself the honour of gratifying Mr. Trollope's unaccountable desire to enter Parliament.[22]

## Adaptations

In 1974 the [BBC2](/source/BBC2) adapted the Palliser novels as a twenty-six part serial *[The Pallisers](/source/The_Pallisers)*. Episodes 7–12 dramatize the events of *Phineas Finn*, with [Donal McCann](/source/Donal_McCann) portraying Phineas.[23] Michael Hardwick abridged the six novels into a 400-page book to capitalise on the series, although *The Eustace Diamonds* and *The Duke's Children* are not fully covered by the abridgement.[24]

[BBC Radio 4](/source/BBC_Radio_4) commissioned a "Classic Serial" dramatisation of *The Pallisers* in 2004. It was adapted by Martyn Wade and directed by Cherry Cookson. [BBC Radio 4 Extra](/source/BBC_Radio_4_Extra) has rebroadcast it a number of times. [Conleth Hill](/source/Conleth_Hill) voiced Phineas Finn, with [Ben Miles](/source/Ben_Miles) and [Sophie Thompson](/source/Sophie_Thompson) as the Pallisers. [David Troughton](/source/David_Troughton) narrated.[25][26]

A new six-part adaptation by Mike Harris under the title *The Pallisers* began on [BBC Radio 4](/source/BBC_Radio_4) on 10 November 2019. In this version, Phineas is voiced by [Edward MacLiam](/source/Edward_MacLiam).[27]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-OUP11_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-OUP11_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-OUP11_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-OUP11_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-OUP11_1-4) Trollope, Anthony. *Phineas Finn*, edited by Simon Dentith, Oxford University Press, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [British parliamentary election results, 1832-1885](https://archive.org/details/britishparliamen0000crai_y7a3/page/44/mode/1up). Compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig. Parliamentary Research Services, 1977. 44.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Auto_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Auto_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Auto_3-2) Trollope, Anthony. [Autobiography](https://books.google.com/books?id=CobgAAAAMAAJ&dq=trollope%20autobiography&pg=PR3). [Dodd, Mead & Co.](/source/Dodd%2C_Mead_%26_Co.), 1912.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** *The Cambridge Companion to Anthony Trollope*. Edited by Carol Dever and Lisa Niles. Cambridge University Press. 2011. 49.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lonergan_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lonergan_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lonergan_5-2) Lonergan, Patrick. "[The Representation of Phineas Finn: Anthony Trollope's Palliser Series and Victorian Ireland](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058657)." *Victorian Literature and Culture* 32.1 (2004): 147-158.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Hadley, Elaine. *Living Liberalism: Practical Citizenship in Mid-Victorian Britain*. [University of Chicago Press](/source/University_of_Chicago_Press), 2010. 261.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-OUP82_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-OUP82_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-OUP82_7-2) Trollope, Anthony. *Phineas Finn*. [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press), 1982.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Trollope, Anthony. "[To Mary Holmes, 15 June, 1876](https://archive.org/details/lettersofanthony0000trol_k7h2/page/355/mode/1up)," *The Letters of Anthony Trollope*. Greenwood Press, 1979. 355.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Halperin_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Halperin_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Halperin_9-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Halperin_9-3) Halperin, John. "Trollope's *Phineas Finn* and History." English Studies 59.2 (1978): 121–137 1. 1. ——. (Chapter 5). *[Jane Austen's Lovers](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-349-19332-5_6)*. Macmillan, 1988.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** O'Connor, T.P. "[T.P.'s Table Talk](https://books.google.com/books?id=omkoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA199)," *T.P.'s and Cassell's Weekly*, Vol. VI, No. 136. 5 June 1926. 199.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Stearn, Roger T. "[Hennessy, Sir John Pope (1834–1891), politician and colonial governor](https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-22537)." *[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography](/source/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography)*. 24 May 2007. [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). Date of access 15 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Welch, Robert. "Trollope, Anthony." *The Concise Oxford Companion to Irish Literature*. Oxford University Press, 2003. Oxford Reference. Date Accessed 15 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Pope-Hennessy, James. *[Anthony Trollope](https://archive.org/details/anthonytrollopep00pope/page/280/mode/1up?view=theater)*. Phoenix Press, 1971. 280.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Sutherland, John. "Trollope and *St Paul’s* 1866–1870", in Tony Bareham (ed.), *Anthony Trollope*. London: Vision, 1980. 123.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-chron_15-0)** Moody, Ellen (2003), [*Anthony Trollope's Writing Life: A Chronology*](http://www.jimandellen.org/trollope/trollope.writing.chron.html), Jim & Ellen

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [The American Quarterly Church Review and Ecclesiastical Register, Volume 21](https://books.google.com/books?id=ej0UAAAAYAAJ&dq=phineas%20finn%201869%20harper&pg=PA315). 315.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sadleir_17-0)** Sadleir, Michael. *[Anthony Trollope: A Commentary](https://books.google.com/books?id=AnrQAAAAMAAJ&dq=sadleir%20trollope%20commentary&pg=PP11)*. Houghton Mifflin, 1927.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** "[Books: Phineas Finn](https://archive.org/details/sim_spectator-uk_1869-03-20_42_2125/page/356/mode/1up)", *The Spectator*, Vol. 42, No. 2125. 20 March 1869. 356–7.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** "[Phineas Finn](https://archive.org/details/sim_saturday-review-uk_the-saturday-review_1869-03-27_27_700/page/431/mode/1up)", *The Saturday Review*. No. 700, Vol. 27. 27 March 1869. 431–2.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** "London, Wednesday, 31 March," *The Daily Telegraph*. 31 March 1869. 4.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Trollope, Anthony. "Mr. Trollope's Explanation," *The Daily Telegraph*. 1 April 1869. 3.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** "[Mr. Trollope's Last Irish Novel](https://books.google.com/books?id=udEsAQAAIAAJ&dq=Virtue%20%26%20Company%20phineas%20finn&pg=PA361)", *The Dublin Review*. October 1869. 361–377."

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["The Pallisers (TV)"](https://trollopesociety.org/trollope/tv-radio/television/the-pallisers/). *The Trollope Society*. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Trollope, Anthony. *[The Pallisers](https://archive.org/details/pallisers0000trol_g5z1/page/n4/mode/1up)*. Abridged by Michael Hardwick. Futura, 1974.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["The Pallisers (2004)"](https://trollopesociety.org/trollope/tv-radio/radio/the-pallisers/). *Trollope Society*. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Hanks, Robert. "A Week in Radio", *[The Independent](/source/The_Independent)*. 4 February 2004.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["The Pallisers (2019)"](https://trollopesociety.org/trollope/tv-radio/radio/pallisers/). *Trollope Society*. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

## Further reading

- Corbett, Mary Jean. “'Two Identities': Gender, Ethnicity, and Phineas Finn", *The Politics of Gender in Anthony Trollope’s Novels: New Readings for the Twenty-First Century*. ed. Margaret Markwick, Deborah Denenholz Morse, and Regenia Gagnier. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009.

- Denton, Ramona L. "'That Cage' of Femininity: Trollope’s Lady Laura", *South Atlantic Bulletin*, 45/1 (1980), 374–9.

- Dougherty, Jane Elizabeth. "An Angel in the House: The Act of Union and Anthony Trollope’s Irish Hero", *Victorian Literature and Culture*, 32/1 (2004), 133–45.

- Epperly, Elizabeth R. "From the Borderlands of Decency: Madame Max Goesler", *Victorians Institute Journal*, 15 (1978), 25–35.

- Fox, Arnold B. "Aesthetics of the Problem Novel in Trollope’s *Phineas Finn*", *Journal of Narrative Technique*, 8 (1979), 211–19.

- McCourt, John. "Domesticating the other: Phineas Finn, Trollope’s Patriotic Irishman", *Rivista di studi vittoriani*, 6 (2001), 53.

- Polhemus, Robert M. “Being in Love in Phineas Finn / Phineas Redux: Desire, Devotion, Consolation.” *Nineteenth Century Fiction* 37.3 (1982): 383–395.

- Van Dam, Frederik. "Character and the Career: Anthony Trollope’s Phineas Finn and the rhetoric of the Victorian State." *English Text Construction* 2.1 (2009): 91–110.

## External links

- *[Phineas Finn](https://books.google.com/books?id=np8YgavOvEMC&dq=phineas%20finn%20harper&pg=PA3)* at [Google Books](/source/Google_Books).

- *[Phineas Finn](https://archive.org/details/ahq2187.0001.001.umich.edu/page/n9/mode/2up)* at [Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive).

- *[Phineas Finn](https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/anthony-trollope/phineas-finn)* at [Standard Ebooks](/source/Standard_Ebooks)

- *[Phineas Finn, The Irish Member](https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/18000)* at [Project Gutenberg](/source/Project_Gutenberg)

- [*Phineas Finn*](https://librivox.org/search?title=Phineas+Finn&author=Trollope&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced) public domain audiobook at [LibriVox](/source/LibriVox)

- *[The Pallisers](https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000b70j)* at [BBC Radio 4](/source/BBC_Radio_4) (2019).

v t e Works by Anthony Trollope Novels The Macdermots of Ballycloran (1847) The Kellys and the O'Kellys (1848) La Vendée: An Historical Romance (1850) The Three Clerks (1858) The Bertrams (1859) Castle Richmond (1860) Orley Farm (1862) The Struggles of Brown, Jones & Robinson (1862) Rachel Ray (1863) Miss Mackenzie (1865) The Belton Estate (1866) The Claverings (1867) Nina Balatka (1867) Linda Tressel (1868) He Knew He Was Right (1869) The Vicar of Bullhampton (1870) Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite (1871) Ralph the Heir (1871) The Golden Lion of Granpère (1872) Harry Heathcote of Gangoil (1874) Lady Anna (1874) The Way We Live Now (1875) The American Senator (1877) Is He Popenjoy? (1878) John Caldigate (1879) An Eye for an Eye (1879) Cousin Henry (1879) Ayala's Angel (1881) Doctor Wortle's School (1881) The Fixed Period (1882) Kept in the Dark (1882) Marion Fay (1882) Mr. Scarborough's Family (1883) The Landleaguers (1883) An Old Man's Love (1884) Novel series Chronicles of Barsetshire The Warden (1855) Barchester Towers (1857) Doctor Thorne (1858) Framley Parsonage (1861) The Small House at Allington (1864) The Last Chronicle of Barset (1867) Palliser novels Can You Forgive Her? (1865) Phineas Finn (1869) The Eustace Diamonds (1873) Phineas Redux (1874) The Prime Minister (1876) The Duke's Children (1880) Magazines Co-founder, The Fortnightly Review

Authority control databases MusicBrainz work

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Phineas Finn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Finn) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Finn?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.