# Philotheca

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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{automatic taxobox
| name = ''Philotheca''
| image = Bee on Sydney wildflower.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Philotheca buxifolia](/source/Philotheca_buxifolia)''
| taxon = Philotheca
| authority = [Rudge](/source/Edward_Rudge)<ref name=APC1>{{cite web|title=''Philotheca''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/65490|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
}}
[[File:Philotheca coccinea.jpg|thumb|''[Philotheca coccinea](/source/Philotheca_coccinea)'']][[File:Philotheca conduplicata.jpg|thumb|''[Philotheca conduplicata](/source/Philotheca_conduplicata)'']][[File:Philotheca myoporoides myoporoides.jpg|thumb|''[Philotheca myoporoides](/source/Philotheca_myoporoides)'']][[File:Skipper Mesodina cyanophracta.jpg|thumb|''[Philotheca nodiflora](/source/Philotheca_nodiflora)'']][[File:Philotheca scabra latifolia.jpg|thumb|''[Philotheca scabra](/source/Philotheca_scabra)'']][[File: Philotheca spicata.jpg |thumb|225px|''[Philotheca spicata](/source/Philotheca_spicata)'']]

'''''Philotheca''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of about fifty species of [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Rutaceae](/source/Rutaceae). Plants in this genus are shrubs with simple leaves arranged alternately along the stems, flowers that usually have five [sepal](/source/sepal)s, five [petal](/source/petal)s and ten [stamen](/source/stamen)s that curve inwards over the [ovary](/source/Ovary_(botany)). All species are [endemic](/source/Endemism) to Australia and there are species in every state, but not the Northern Territory.

==Description==
Plants in the genus ''Philotheca'' are shrubs that are either glabrous or have tiny, simple hairs. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stems, narrow oblong to almost cylindrical and [sessile](/source/Sessility_(botany)) or on a very short [petiole](/source/Petiole_(botany)). From a single to many flowers are arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of the branchlets. The flowers have five sepals and five petals (except in ''[P. virgata](/source/Philotheca_virgata)'' which has four). The sepals are free from each other and the petals usually overlap at their bases. There are ten stamens that curve inwards over the ovary with [anthers](/source/anthers) that have an appendage called the "apiculum". The ovary contains five [carpels](/source/Gynoecium) fused near their bases. The seeds are {{cvt|2-5|mm}} long and are released explosively from their [capsule](/source/Capsule_(botany)).<ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Wilson |first1=Paul G. |title=''Philotheca'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Philotheca |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Walsh |first1=Neville |title=''Philotheca'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/9f35fef5-6e92-41fa-acd4-045346074a86 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Weston |first1=Peter H. |last2=Harden |first2=Gwen J. |title=''Philotheca'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Philotheca |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Philotheca''|id=22449}}</ref>

==Taxonomy and naming==
The genus ''Philotheca'' was first formally described in 1816 by [Edward Rudge](/source/Edward_Rudge) from a specimen collected near [Port Jackson](/source/Port_Jackson) and the description was published in ''[Transactions of the Linnean Society of London](/source/Linnean_Society_of_London)''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Philotheca''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/472579|publisher=APNI|accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Rudge">{{cite journal |last1=Rudge |first1=Edward |title=A Description of several new Species of Plants from New Holland |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |date=1815 |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=298 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13721#page/327/mode/1up |accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref> The first species Rudge described was ''P. australis'' but this name is considered a [nomen illegitimum](/source/nomen_illegitimum) and a [taxonomic synonym](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) of ''[Philotheca salsolifolia](/source/Philotheca_salsolifolia)'' by the [Australian Plant Census](/source/Australian_Plant_Census).<ref name=APC2>{{cite web|title=''Philotheca salsolifolia''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/67404|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=4 May 2019}}</ref>

The name ''Philotheca'' should have been written ''Psilotheca'' after the [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) words ''psilos'' meaning "bare", "smooth", "bald" or "naked"<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>{{rp|123}} and ''theke'' meaning "case", "container", "envelope" or "sheath",<ref name ="RWB" />{{rp|118}} referring to "the smooth tube of the stamens".<ref name="Craig">{{cite book |last1=Craig |first1=John |title=A New Universal Etymological and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language embracing all the terms used in art, science and literature |date=1849 |publisher=Henry George Collins |location=London}}</ref>

Many plants formerly in ''[Eriostemon](/source/Eriostemon)'' are now in this genus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://farrer.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/APOL13/mar99-3.html |first=Michael |last=Bayly |title=A Name Change for Most Eriostemons |work=Australian Plants online |date=March 1999
|publisher=The Society for Growing Australian Plants }}</ref>

==Distribution==
Plants in the genus ''Philotheca'' are found in every state of Australia, but not in the Northern Territory.<ref name="RBGS" />

==Species==
The following is a list of ''Philotheca'' species accepted by the [Australian Plant Census](/source/Australian_Plant_Census) as at April 2019:<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Philotheca'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/search?product=APC&tree.id=51209179&name=Philotheca&inc._scientific=&inc.scientific=on&inc._cultivar=&max=100&display=apc&search=true |publisher=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=3 May 2019}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}} 
*''[Philotheca acrolopha](/source/Philotheca_acrolopha)''<small> Paul G.Wilson</small> (Qld.)
*''[Philotheca angustifolia](/source/Philotheca_angustifolia)''<small> (Paul G. Wilson) Paul G. Wilson</small> – narrow-leaf wax flower  
**''Philotheca angustifolia'' <small> (Paul G. Wilson) Paul G. Wilson</small> subsp. ''angustifolia'' (Vic., S.A.)
**''Philotheca angustifolia'' subsp. ''montana''<small> (Paul G. Wilson) Paul G. Wilson</small> (Vic.) 
*''[Philotheca apiculata](/source/Philotheca_apiculata)''<small> (Paul G. Wilson) Paul G. Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca basistyla](/source/Philotheca_basistyla)''<small> Mollemans</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca brevifolia](/source/Philotheca_brevifolia)''<small> (A.Cunn. ex Endl.) Paul G. Wilson</small> (N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca brucei](/source/Philotheca_brucei)''<small> (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
**''Philotheca brucei'' subsp. ''brevifolia''<small> (Paul G. Wilson) Paul G. Wilson</small>
**''Philotheca brucei'' <small> (F.Muell.) Paul G. Wilson</small> subsp. ''brucei''
**''Philotheca brucei'' subsp. ''cinerea''<small> (Paul G. Wilson) Paul G. Wilson</small>   
*''[Philotheca buxifolia](/source/Philotheca_buxifolia)''<small> (Sm.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W.)
**''Philotheca buxifolia'' <small> (Sm.) Paul G. Wilson</small> subsp. ''buxifolia'' – box-leaf wax flower
**''Philotheca buxifolia'' subsp. ''falcata''<small> Paul G. Wilson</small>
**''Philotheca buxifolia'' subsp. ''obovata''<small> (G.Don) Paul G. Wilson</small>   
*''[Philotheca ciliata](/source/Philotheca_ciliata)''<small> Hook.</small> (Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca citrina](/source/Philotheca_citrina)''<small> Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca coateana](/source/Philotheca_coateana)''<small> Paul G. Wilson</small> (W.A.) 
*''[Philotheca coccinea](/source/Philotheca_coccinea)''<small> (C.A.Gardner) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca conduplicata](/source/Philotheca_conduplicata)''<small> (Paul G. Wilson) P.I.Forst.</small> (Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca cuticularis](/source/Philotheca_cuticularis)''<small> Paul G. Wilson</small> (Qld.)
*''[Philotheca cymbiformis](/source/Philotheca_cymbiformis)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca deserti](/source/Philotheca_deserti)''<small> (E. Pritzel) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
**''Philotheca deserti'' subsp. ''brevifolia'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small>
**''Philotheca deserti'' <small>(E.Pritz.) Paul G.Wilson</small> subsp. ''deserti'' 
*''[Philotheca difformis](/source/Philotheca_difformis)''<small> (A.Cunn. ex Endl.) Paul G.Wilson</small>
**''Philotheca difformis'' <small> (A.Cunn. ex Endl.) Paul G. Wilson</small> subsp. ''difformis'' – small-leaf wax-flower (Qld., N.S.W., Vic., S.A.)
**''Philotheca difformis'' subsp. ''smithiana''<small> (Benth.) Paul G. Wilson</small> (Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca epilosa](/source/Philotheca_epilosa)''<small> (Paul G. Wilson) P.I.Forst.</small> (Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca eremicola](/source/Philotheca_eremicola)''<small> Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca ericifolia](/source/Philotheca_ericifolia)''<small> (A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca falcata](/source/Philotheca_falcata)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca fitzgeraldii](/source/Philotheca_fitzgeraldii)''<small> (C.R.P.Andrews) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca freyciana](/source/Philotheca_freyciana)''<small> Rozefelds</small> (Tas.)
*''[Philotheca gardneri](/source/Philotheca_gardneri)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
**''Philotheca gardneri'' <small> (A.Cunn. ex Endl.) Paul G. Wilson</small> subsp. ''gardneri''
**''Philotheca gardneri'' subsp. ''globosa''<small> Paul G. Wilson</small> 
*''[Philotheca glabra](/source/Philotheca_glabra)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca glasshousiensis](/source/Philotheca_glasshousiensis)''<small> (Domin) P.I.Forst.</small> (Qld.)
*''[Philotheca hispidula](/source/Philotheca_hispidula)''<small> (Sieber ex Spreng.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca kalbarriensis](/source/Philotheca_kalbarriensis)''<small> Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca langei](/source/Philotheca_langei)''<small> Mollemans</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca linearis](/source/Philotheca_linearis)''<small> (A.Cunn. ex Endl.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A., S.A., N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca myoporoides](/source/Philotheca_myoporoides)''<small> (DC.) M.J.Bayly</small>
**[''Philotheca myoporoides'' subsp. ''acuta''](/source/Philotheca_myoporoides_subsp._acuta)<small> (Blakely) Bayly</small> (N.S.W.)
**[''Philotheca myoporoides'' subsp. ''brevipedunculata''](/source/Philotheca_myoporoides_subsp._brevipedunculata)<small> Bayly</small> (N.S.W.)
**[''Philotheca myoporoides'' subsp. ''euroensis''](/source/Philotheca_myoporoides_subsp._euroensis)<small> Bayly</small> (Vic.)
**[''Philotheca myoporoides'' <small> (DC.) Bayly</small> subsp. ''myoporoides''](/source/Philotheca_myoporoides_subsp._myoporoides) (N.S.W., Vic.)
**[''Philotheca myoporoides'' subsp. ''petraea''](/source/Philotheca_myoporoides_subsp._petraea) <small> Rozefelds</small> (Vic.) 
*''[Philotheca nodiflora](/source/Philotheca_nodiflora)''<small> (Lindl.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
**''Philotheca nodiflora'' subsp. ''calycina''<small> (Turcz.) Paul G.Wilson</small> 
**''Philotheca nodiflora'' subsp. ''lasiocalyx''<small> (Domin) Paul G.Wilson</small> 
**''Philotheca nodiflora'' subsp. ''latericola''<small> Paul G.Wilson</small> 
**''Philotheca nodiflora'' <small> (Lindl.) Paul G.Wilson</small> subsp. ''nodiflora''
*''[Philotheca nutans](/source/Philotheca_nutans)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.) 
*''[Philotheca obovalis](/source/Philotheca_obovalis)''<small> (A.Cunn.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca obovatifolia](/source/Philotheca_obovatifolia)''<small> (Bayly) P.I.Forst.</small> (Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca pachyphylla](/source/Philotheca_pachyphylla)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca papillata](/source/Philotheca_papillata)''<small> I.Telford & L.M.Copel.</small> (N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca pinoides](/source/Philotheca_pinoides)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca pungens](/source/Philotheca_pungens)''<small> (Lindl.) Paul G.Wilson</small> — prickly waxflower (Vic., S.A.)
*''[Philotheca queenslandica](/source/Philotheca_queenslandica)''<small> (C.T.White) P.I.Forst.</small> (Qld.)
*''[Philotheca reichenbachii](/source/Philotheca_reichenbachii)''<small> Sieber ex Spreng.</small> (N.S.W.)
*''[Philotheca rhomboidea](/source/Philotheca_rhomboidea)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca salsolifolia](/source/Philotheca_salsolifolia)''<small> (Sm.) Druce</small> (N.S.W., A.C.T.)
**''Philotheca salsolifolia'' subsp. ''pedicellata''<small> Paul G.Wilson</small> 
**''Philotheca salsolifolia'' <small> (Sm.) Druce</small> subsp. ''salsolifolia''
*''[Philotheca scabra](/source/Philotheca_scabra)''<small> (Paxton) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W.)
**''Philotheca scabra'' subsp. ''latifolia''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> 
**''Philotheca scabra'' <small> (Paxton) Paul G.Wilson </small>subsp. ''scabra''
*''[Philotheca sericea](/source/Philotheca_sericea)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca spicata](/source/Philotheca_spicata)''<small> (A.Rich.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca sporadica](/source/Philotheca_sporadica)''<small> (M.J.Bayly) Paul G.Wilson</small> (Qld.)
*''[Philotheca thryptomenoides](/source/Philotheca_thryptomenoides)''<small> (S.Moore) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca tomentella](/source/Philotheca_tomentella)''<small> (Diels) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca trachyphylla](/source/Philotheca_trachyphylla)''<small> (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W., Vic.)
*''[Philotheca tubiflora](/source/Philotheca_tubiflora)''<small> A.S.George</small> (W.A.)
*''[Philotheca verrucosa](/source/Philotheca_verrucosa)''<small> (A.Rich.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (Vic., S.A., Tas.)
*''[Philotheca virgata](/source/Philotheca_virgata)''<small> (Hook.f.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
*''[Philotheca wonganensis](/source/Philotheca_wonganensis)''<small> (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A.)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7186291}}

Category:Philotheca
Category:Zanthoxyloideae genera

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Philotheca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philotheca) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philotheca?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.