# Phake language > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Phake_language > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Phake_language.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phake_language > Source revision: 1330659560 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Kra–Dai language spoken in Assam, India}} {{use dmy dates |date=March 2024}} {{Infobox language |name=Phake |nativename={{lang|phk|(တႝ)ၸႃကေ}} |states=[India](/source/India) |region=[Assam](/source/Assam) |ethnicity=[Tai Phake people](/source/Tai_Phake_people) |speakers=2,000 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Kradai |fam2=[Tai](/source/Tai_languages) |fam3=[Southwestern](/source/Southwestern_Tai_languages) |fam4=Northwestern |script=[Burmese script](/source/Burmese_script)
(Phake variation,
called Lik-Tai){{cite journal |last1=Diller |first1=Anthony |title=Tai languages in Assam: Daughters or Ghosts |date=1992 |pages=5–43 |journal=Papers on Tai languages, linguistics and literatures |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/diller1992tai.pdf}} |iso3=phk |glotto=phak1238 |glottorefname=Phake }} The '''Phake language''' or '''Tai Phake language''' ({{lang|phk|တႝၸႃကေ}}, {{Transliteration|phk|tai phākae}}) is a [Tai language](/source/Tai_languages) spoken in the [Buri Dihing Valley](/source/Dihing) of [Assam](/source/Assam), [India](/source/India). It is closely related to the other Southwestern Tai languages in Assam: [Aiton](/source/Aiton_language), [Khamti](/source/Khamti_language), [Khamyang](/source/Khamyang_language), and [Turung](/source/Turung_language). ==Distribution== Buragohain (1998) lists the following Tai Phake villages. *Man Phake Tau (Namphake village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Tipam (Tipam Phake village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Phake Neu (Bor Phake village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Mo (Man Mo village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Phaneng (Phaneng village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Long (Long village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Nonglai (Nonglaui village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Monglang (Monglang village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Nigam (Nigam village, [Assam](/source/Assam)) *Man Wagun (Wagun village, [Arunachal Pradesh](/source/Arunachal_Pradesh)) *Man Lung Kung (Lung Kung village, [Arunachal Pradesh](/source/Arunachal_Pradesh)) {| class="wikitable" |+Tai Phake Villages (Morey 2005:22) !c=01| Tai name !c=02| Translation of Tai name !c=03| [Assamese](/source/Assamese_language)/[English](/source/English_language) name !c=04| [District](/source/List_of_districts_of_Assam) |- |c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 ke꞉5 taü3 |c=02| Lower Phake village |c=03| Namphakey |c=04| [Dibrugarh](/source/Dibrugarh) |- |c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉k4 ta꞉5 |c=02| Other side of the river village |c=03| Tipam Phake |c=04| [Dibrugarh](/source/Dibrugarh) |- |c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 ke꞉5 nɔ6 |c=02| Upper Phake village |c=03| Borphake |c=04| [Tinsukia](/source/Tinsukia) |- |c=01| niŋ1 kam4 |c=02| Ning kam [Naga](/source/Naga_people)s |c=03| Nigam Phake |c=04| [Tinsukia](/source/Tinsukia) |- |c=01| ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 naiŋ2 |c=02| Red sky village |c=03| Faneng |c=04| [Tinsukia](/source/Tinsukia) |- |c=01| məŋ2 la꞉ŋ2 |c=02| Country of the Lang Nagas |c=03| Mounglang |c=04| [Tinsukia](/source/Tinsukia) |- |c=01| məŋ2 mɔ1 |c=02| Mine village |c=03| Man Mau |c=04| [Tinsukia](/source/Tinsukia) |- |c=01| ma꞉n3 loŋ6 |c=02| Big village |c=03| Man Long |c=04| [Tinsukia](/source/Tinsukia) |- |c=01| nauŋ1 lai6 |c=02| Nong Lai Nagas |c=03| Nonglai |c=04| - |} The {{IPA|phk|maːn˧|}} corresponds to the modern [Thai](/source/Thai_language) ''ban'' ({{lang|th|บ้าน}}) and [Shan](/source/Shan_language) ''wan'' ({{lang|shn|ဝၢၼ်ႈ}}), which mean 'village'. (Note: For an explanation of the notation system for Tai tones, see [Proto-Tai language#Tones](/source/Proto-Tai_language).) ==Phonology== ===Initial consonants=== Tai Phake has the following initial consonants {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | [Bilabial](/source/Labial_consonant) ! colspan="2" | [Alveolar](/source/Alveolar_consonant) ! colspan="2" | [Palatal](/source/Palatal_consonant) ! colspan="2" | [Velar](/source/Velar_consonant) ! [Glottal](/source/Glottal_consonant) |- class=small ! voiceless ! voiced ! voiceless ! voiced ! voiceless ! voiced ! voiceless ! voiced ! voiceless |- ! rowspan="2" | [Plosive](/source/Stop_consonant) ! [Tenuis](/source/Tenuis_consonant) | {{IPA link|p}} || || {{IPA link|t}} || || {{IPA link|c}} || || {{IPA link|k}} || || {{IPA link|ʔ}} |- ! [Aspirated](/source/Aspiration_(phonetics)) | {{IPA link|pʰ}} || || {{IPA link|tʰ}} || || || || {{IPA link|kʰ}} || || |- ! colspan="2"| [Nasal](/source/Nasal_stop) ||| {{IPA link|m}} || || {{IPA link|n}} || || || || {{IPA link|ŋ}} || |- ! colspan="2"| [Fricative](/source/Fricative) | || || {{IPA link|s}} || || || || || || {{IPA link|h}} |- ! colspan="2"| [Lateral](/source/Lateral_consonant) | || || || {{IPA link|l}} || || || || || |- ! colspan="2"| [Semi-vowel](/source/Semi-vowel) | {{IPA link|w}} || || || || || {{IPA link|j}} || || || |- |} ===Final consonants=== Tai Phake has the following final consonants: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | [Bilabial](/source/Labial_consonant) ! colspan="2" | [Alveolar](/source/Alveolar_consonant) ![Palatal](/source/Palatal_consonant) ! colspan="2" | [Velar](/source/Velar_consonant) ! [Glottal](/source/Glottal_consonant) |- class=small ! voiceless ! voiced ! voiceless ! voiced ! voiced ! voiceless ! voiced ! voiceless |- ! [Plosive](/source/Stop_consonant) ! [Tenuis](/source/Tenuis_consonant) | {{IPA link|p}} || || {{IPA link|t}} || || || {{IPA link|k}} || || {{IPA link|ʔ}} |- ! colspan="2" | [Nasal](/source/Nasal_stop) | || {{IPA link|m}}|| || {{IPA link|n}}|| || || {{IPA link|ŋ}}|| |- ! colspan="2" | [Semi-vowel](/source/Semi-vowel) | {{IPA link|w}} || || || || {{IPA link|j}}|| || || |- |} -[w] occurs after front vowels and [a]-, -[j] occurs after back vowels and [a]-. === Vowels === Tai Phake has the following vowel inventory:{{cite book|last1=Morey |first1=Stephen |chapter=The Tai Languages of Assam |date=2008 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/34802378 |title=The Tai-Kadai Languages |publisher=Routledge |pages=207–253 |isbn=9780203641873}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan=1 rowspan=3 | ! [Front](/source/Front_vowel) ! colspan="3" | [Back](/source/Back_vowel) |- class=small ! [unr.](/source/Unrounded_vowel) ! colspan=2 | [unr.](/source/Unrounded_vowel) ! [rnd.](/source/Rounded_vowel) |- class=small ! [short](/source/Short_vowel) ! [short](/source/Short_vowel) ! [long](/source/Long_vowel) ! [short](/source/Short_vowel) |- ! [Close](/source/Close_vowel) | {{IPA link|i}} | {{IPA link|ɯ}} | | {{IPA link|u}} |- ! [Mid](/source/Mid_vowel) | {{IPA link|e}} | {{IPA link|ɤ}} | | {{IPA link|o}} |- ! [Open](/source/Open_vowel) | {{IPA link|ɛ}} | {{IPA link|a}} | {{IPA link|aː}} | {{IPA link|ɔ}} |} == Writing system == {{See also|Burmese script|Burmese alphabet}} The Tai Phake have their own writing system called 'Lik-Tai', which they share with the [Khamti people](/source/Khamti_people) and [Tai Aiton people](/source/Tai_Aiton_people). It closely resembles the Northern [Shan script](/source/Shan_script) of Myanmar, which is a variant of the [Burmese script](/source/Burmese_script), with some of the letters taking divergent shapes.{{cite journal |last1=Inglis |first1=Douglas |title=Myanmar-based Khamti Shan Orthography |journal=Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society |date=2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/34791306}} ===Consonants=== {| class="wikitable" |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=က|iso=k|ipa=[k]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ၵ|iso=kh|ipa=[kʰ]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=င|iso=ng|ipa=[ŋ]}} |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ꩡ|iso=c|ipa=[t͡ʃ], [t͡s]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ꩬ|iso=s|ipa=[s]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ၺ|iso=ny|ipa=[ɲ]{{cite web |url=http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn11/UTN11_4.pdf |title=Representing Myanmar in Unicode: Details and Examples Version 4 |first=Martin |last=Hosken |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Unicode}}}} |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=တ|iso=t|ipa=[t]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ထ|iso=th|ipa=[tʰ]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ꩫ|iso=n|ipa=[n]}} |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ပ|iso=p|ipa=[p]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ၸ|iso=ph|ipa=[pʰ]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=မ|iso=m|ipa=[m]}} |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ယ|iso=y|ipa=[j]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=လ|iso=l|ipa=[l]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ဝ|iso=w|ipa=[w~v]}} |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ꩭ|iso=h|ipa=[h]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ဢ|iso=a|ipa=[ʔ]}} |- |} ===Vowels=== {| class="wikitable" |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ႊ|iso=a|ipa=[a]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ႃ|iso=ā|ipa=[aː]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ိ|iso=i|ipa=[i]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ီ|iso=ī|ipa=[iː]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ု|iso=u|ipa=[u]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ူ|iso=ū|ipa=[uː]}} |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ေ|iso=e/ae|ipa=[eː/ɛ]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ႝ|iso=ai|ipa=[ai]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ေႃ|iso=o/aw|ipa=[oː/ɔː]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ံ|iso=ṁ|ipa=[am]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ုံ|iso=um|ipa=[um]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ွံ|iso=om|ipa=[ɔm]}} |- | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ိုဝ်|iso=eu|ipa=[ɛu]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=်ႍ|iso=au|ipa=[au]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=်ွ|iso=āu|ipa=[aːu]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ွ|iso=aw|ipa=[ɒ]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=ွႝ|iso=oi|ipa=[oj]}} | {{letter|l=phk|s=Mymr|ch=်|notes=final consonant{{cite web |title=Tai Phake language, alphabet, and pronunciation |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/taiphake.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=12 March 2024}}|iso=|ipa=}} |- |} ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== {{refbegin}} *Buragohain, Yehom. 1998. "Some notes on the Tai Phakes of Assam, in Shalardchai Ramitanondh Virada Somswasdi and Ranoo Wichasin." In ''Tai'', pp. 126–143. Chiang Mai, Thailand: [Chiang Mai University](/source/Chiang_Mai_University). *Morey, Stephen. 2005. ''The Tai languages of Assam: a grammar and texts''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. {{refend}} {{Tai-Kadai languages}} {{Languages of Northeast India}} {{Authority control}} Category:Languages of Assam Category:Southwestern Tai languages Category:Endangered languages of India --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Phake language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phake_language) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phake_language?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.