# Phaanthosaurus

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{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [Early Triassic](/source/Early_Triassic), {{fossil_range|Induan}}
| image = 
| image_caption = 
| taxon = Phaanthosaurus
| authority = Chudinov & Vjushkov, [1956](/source/1956_in_paleontology)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
*[†](/source/extinction)'''''P. ignatjevi''''' <small>Chudinov & Vjushkov, 1956 ([type](/source/type_species))</small>
*†'''''P. simus''''' <small>(Ivakhnenko, 1974)</small>
| synonyms = 
*''Contritosaurus simus'' <small>Ivakhnenko, 1974</small>
*''C. convector'' <small>Ivakhnenko, 1974</small>
*''Phaantosaurus'' <small>Butler ''et al''., 2023 ([sic](/source/sic))<ref name=Butler2023>{{Cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=R. J. |last2=Meade |first2=L. E. |last3=Cleary |first3=T. J. |last4=McWhirter |first4=K. T. |last5=Brown |first5=E. E. |last6=Kemp |first6=T. S. |last7=Benito |first7=J. |last8=Fraser |first8=N. C. |year=2023 |title=''Hwiccewyrm trispiculum'' gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England |journal=The Anatomical Record |doi=10.1002/ar.25316 |pmid=37735997 |doi-access=free}}</ref></small>
}}

'''''Phaanthosaurus''''' is an [extinct](/source/extinct) [genus](/source/genus) of [basal](/source/basal_(phylogenetics)) [procolophonid](/source/Procolophonidae) [parareptile](/source/parareptile) from early [Triassic](/source/Triassic) ([Induan](/source/Induan) stage) deposits of [Nizhnii Novgorod](/source/Nizhnii_Novgorod), [Russian Federation](/source/Russian_Federation). It is known from the [holotype](/source/holotype) [PIN](/source/Paleontological_Institute_of_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences) 1025/1, a [mandible](/source/mandible) (a dentary). It was collected from Vetluga River, Spasskoe village and referred to the Vokhmian terrestrial horizon of the [Vokhma Formation](/source/Vokhma_Formation). It was first named by P. K. Chudinov and B. P. Vjushkov in [1956](/source/1956_in_paleontology) and the [type species](/source/type_species) is ''Phaanthosaurus ignatjevi''.<ref name=Kotilosavrakh>{{cite journal |author1=P. K. Chudinov |author2=B. P. Vjushkov |year=1956 |title=New Data on Small Cotylosaurs from the Permian and Triassic of the USSR |journal=Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR |volume=108 |issue=3 |pages=547–550 [In Russian] }}</ref><ref name=Ivakhnenko>{{cite journal |author=Ivakhnenko, M. F. |year=1974 |title=New data on Early Triassic procolophonids of the USSR |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=8 |pages=346–351 }}</ref>

In 2000, Spencer and Benton found ''Contritosaurus'' to be [junior synonym](/source/junior_synonym) of ''Phaanthosaurus''. ''C. simus'' Ivakhnenko, 1974 which is known from the [holotype](/source/holotype) [PIN](/source/Paleontological_Institute_of_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences) 3355/1, a partial [skull](/source/skull) with right [mandible](/source/mandible) from the same location, and from three paratypes, was recombined as ''P. simus''. They also found that the second species of ''Contritosaurus'', ''C. convector'' (PIN 3357/1, a mandible) is a [junior synonym](/source/junior_synonym) of ''P. simus''.<ref name=Psimus>{{cite book |author1=P. S. Spencer  |author2=M. J. Benton  |name-list-style=amp |year=2000 |chapter=Procolophonids from the Permo-Triassic of Russia |editor1=M. J. Benton |editor2=M. A. Shishkin |editor3=D. M. Unwin |editor4=E. N. Kurochkin |title=The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia |url=https://archive.org/details/agedinosaursruss00bent  |url-access=limited  |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |pages=[https://archive.org/details/agedinosaursruss00bent/page/n197 160]–176|isbn=978-0-521-55476-3 }}</ref> Recent [cladistic](/source/cladistic) analyses by Juan Carlos Cisneros, 2008 and Mark J. Macdougall and Sean P. Modesto, 2011 accepted this synonymy.<ref name=Phylo08>{{cite journal |author=Juan Carlos Cisneros |year=2008 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=2052096 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=345–366 |doi=10.1017/S1477201907002350 |bibcode=2008JSPal...6..345C |s2cid=84468714 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=Phylo11MM>{{cite journal |author1=Mark J. Macdougall |author2=Sean P. Modesto |year=2011 |title=New information on the skull of the Early Triassic parareptile ''Sauropareion anoplus'', with a discussion of tooth attachment and replacement in procolophonids |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=270–278 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.549436 |bibcode=2011JVPal..31..270M |s2cid=84934974 }}</ref>

Its bone microanatomy suggests a terrestrial lifestyle,<ref name="Laurin et al. 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Laurin |first1=Michel |last2=Girondot |first2=Marc |last3=Loth |first3=Marie-Madeleine |title=The evolution of long bone microstructure and lifestyle in lissamphibians |journal=Paleobiology |date=December 2004 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=589–613 |doi=10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2 |url=https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2 |language=en |issn=0094-8373|url-access=subscription }}</ref> as for most early amniotes.<ref name="Carroll 1988">{{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=Robert Lynn |title=Vertebrate paleontology and evolution |date=1988 |publisher=Freeman |location=New York, N.Y |isbn=9780716718222}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Parareptilia|Procolophonoidea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7179860}}

Category:Procolophonidae
Category:Early Triassic reptiles of Asia
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1956
Category:Prehistoric reptile genera

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Phaanthosaurus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaanthosaurus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaanthosaurus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.