# Petros Garoufalias

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Greek politician and businessman

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**Petros Garoufalias** ([Greek](/source/Greek_language): Πέτρος Γαρουφαλιάς, 1901 – September 17, 1984) was a [Greek](/source/Greece) politician and businessman, and President of the [Fix Beer Company](/source/Fix_(beer)). He was a major financial backer of Prime Minister [Georgios Papandreou](/source/Georgios_Papandreou), under whom he served as Minister of Defense. However, he was heavily involved in the events known as the "[Iouliana](/source/Iouliana)" of 1965, which led to the fall of the [Center Union](/source/Center_Union) government.

## Life

Born in [Arta](/source/Arta%2C_Greece) in 1901, Garoufalias came from a prominent family of the [Arta region](/source/Arta_(regional_unit)); his ancestor Nikolaos Garoufalias was a member of [Filiki Eteria](/source/Filiki_Eteria) and had fought in the [Greek War of Independence](/source/Greek_War_of_Independence) in the 1820s.[1] His father, Evangelos Garoufalias, had served as Mayor of Arta and as [Member of Parliament](/source/Member_of_Parliament).[1]

Garoufalias graduated from the Law School of [Athens University](/source/Athens_University) and earned post-graduate degrees in Commercial Law and Economics in [Berlin](/source/Berlin) and [Paris](/source/Paris).[2]

He served as a Member of Parliament for [Arta Prefecture](/source/Arta_Prefecture), and was closely associated with [Georgios Papandreou](/source/Georgios_Papandreou). With Papandreou's help, Garoufalias was named Minister of Public Order, Minister of the Interior and Deputy Minister of National Economy (Coordination) in the centrist governments of 1950–52, under Prime Ministers [Nikolaos Plastiras](/source/Nikolaos_Plastiras) and [Sophoklis Venizelos](/source/Sophoklis_Venizelos) (Papandreou himself was Deputy Prime Minister).

He married Marianthi Fix, widow of industrialist Ioannis Fix, and thus inherited the [Fix Beer Company](/source/Fix_(beer)). George Papandreou was [best man](/source/Best_man) at the wedding.

Garoufalias was named Greek Minister of Defense in the third Papandreou government, from February 1964 to July 1965. He clashed with the Prime Minister's son, [Andreas Papandreou](/source/Andreas_Papandreou) (also a minister in the government) over the control of the Greek military; Garoufalias took the side of the King in the events known as the "[Iouliana](/source/Iouliana) of 1965", which contributed to the downfall of the government, a deep political crisis and, eventually, to the imposition of the dictatorial [Regime of the Colonels](/source/Regime_of_the_Colonels).[2]

In his 1982 book "Greece and Cyprus: Tragic Mistakes, Lost Opportunities, February 19, 1964 – July 15, 1965", Garoufalias claimed that the [Greek Army](/source/Greek_Army) division that was secretly dispatched to [Cyprus](/source/Cyprus) in 1964 was his idea,[3] an opinion vociferously rejected by [Andreas Papandreou](/source/Andreas_Papandreou), who maintained that Garoufalias's role on Cyprus was very limited, and that he merely followed orders, without even being invited to the most important meetings.[4]

Garoufalias died on September 17, 1984, aged 83.[2]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-gnomiartas_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-gnomiartas_1-1) ["ΟΙ ΓΑΡΟΥΦΑΛΙΑΔΕΣ"](http://www.gnomiartas.gr/afierwmata/item/2599-garoyfalias?tmpl=component&print=1). gnomiartas.gr. Retrieved 2017-05-27.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Τα_Νέα,_18_Σεπτεμβρίου_1984_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Τα_Νέα,_18_Σεπτεμβρίου_1984_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Τα_Νέα,_18_Σεπτεμβρίου_1984_2-2) Τα Νέα, 18 Σεπτεμβρίου 1984

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΥ «ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ ΒΕΖΑΝΗΣ - ΣΚΕΨΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΕΣ» ΣΤΗΝ ΑΘΗΝΑ](https://www.e-grammes.gr/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85-%C2%AB%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82-%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%88%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82%C2%BB-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Andreas Papandreou, Democracy at Gunpoint: The Greek Front, σελίδες 100-101, London: Andre Deutsch, 1971

v t e Interior ministers of Greece First Hellenic Republic (1822–1832) Kolettis Papaflessas Anast. Londos Collective committees (1827–32) Christidis Kingdom of Greece (Wittelsbach) (1833–1862) Rizos–Neroulos Psyllas Kolettis Praidis Mansolas Polyzoidis Glarakis Theocharis Mavrokordatos Christidis Palamidis And. S. Londos Kolettis Palamidis Krestenitis Roufos Anast. Londos Glarakis Christidis Krestenitis Notaras Meletopoulos Danopoulos Palamidis Amvrosiadis Palamidis Mavrokordatos D. Voulgaris Provelengios Palamidis Kountouriotis Krestenitis Papalexopoulos Christopoulos Kolokotronis Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg) (1863–1924) Thr. Zaimis And. Ch. Londos Avgerinos G. Petimezas And. Ch. Londos G. Petimezas D. Voulgaris Thr. Zaimis Avgerinos Koumoundouros Hatzianargyrou Koumoundouros Lomvardos Thr. Zaimis D. Voulgaris Koumoundouros Thr. Zaimis Deligeorgis Nikolopoulos Provelengios Roufos D. Voulgaris Koumoundouros Messinezis D. Voulgaris Thr. Zaimis Deligeorgis Koumoundouros Thr. Zaimis Nikolopoulos Deligeorgis Drosos Deligeorgis Drosos D. Voulgaris Trikoupis Koumoundouros I. Deligiannis Koumoundouros Deligeorgis Antonopoulos Papamichalopoulos Koumoundouros Thr. Zaimis Koumoundouros Lomvardos Papamichalopoulos Trikoupis Lomvardos Papamichalopoulos Papailiopoulos Lomvardos Trikoupis Dragoumis G. Theotokis T. Deligiannis Konstantopoulos G. Theotokis D. Rallis Boufidis N. Deligiannis N. Metaxas Kyr. Mavromichalis G. Theotokis Korpas Triantafyllakos G. Theotokis Triantafyllakos Kyr. Mavromichalis Levidis Kyr. Mavromichalis G. Theotokis T. Deligiannis D. Rallis Kyr. Mavromichalis Kalogeropoulos Levidis N. Stratos Triantafyllakos Dragoumis Ep. Petmezas Mavrommatis Repoulis Triantafyllakos Kafantaris Gounaris Roufos National Defence Government Sofoulis Tsellos Negris Repoulis Raktivan Tsaldaris Stais Goudas Karpetopoulos N. Stratos Bousios Charalambis Krokidas Pierrakos-Mavromichalis G. Papandreou Sakellaropoulos Sofoulis Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935) Aravantinos Pierrakos-Mavromichalis Kondylis Maris Panagiotopoulos Pangalos Spyridonos Aravantinos Thr. Petimezas Tsaldaris Al. Zaimis Maris Gotsis Zavitsianos Argyropoulos Sideris Karapanagiotis Lidorikis Bakopoulos Tsirimokos I. Metaxas Maris Tsimikalis I. Rallis Moutzouridis Giannopoulos Chloros P. Rallis Tsaldaris P. Rallis Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg) (1935–1973/4) Schinas Triantafyllakos Logothetis Skylakakis Dourentis Maniadakis Collaborationist government Demestichas I. Papadopoulos Tsolakoglou Tsirigotis Tavoularis PEEA Siantos Manouilidis P. Rallis Athanasiadis-Novas Tsatsos P. Voulgaris Gounarakis Psarras Rentis Havinis I. Theotokis Kalkanis Kyrozis Alexandris G. Papandreou P. Mavromichalis Hatzipanos F. Zaimis Lianopoulos Katsotas G. Papandreou Garoufalias Venizelos Modis Giannopoulos Bakopoulos Kiousopoulos Rentis Kiousopoulos Lykourezos Nikolitsas Triantafyllis Lianopoulos Makris Georgakopoulos Makris Lianopoulos G. Rallis Panagiotopoulos St. Mavromichalis Kostopoulos Paraskevopoulos Toumbas Tsirimokos Toumbas F. Zaimis Chr. Stratos Theotokis Military Junta (1967–1974) Pattakos Adroutsopoulos Pattakos Agathangelou Tsoumbas Third Hellenic Republic (since 1974) G. Rallis Chr. Stratos Zepos Stephanopoulos Iordanoglou [el] Mitsopoulos [el] Chr. Stratos Daskalakis [el] Gennimatas Koutsogiorgas Markopoulos [el] Koutsogiorgas Markopoulos [el] Koutsogiorgas Papastefanakis [el] Tsochatzopoulos Markopoulos [el] Konstantopoulos Skouris Katrivanos Kouvelas Kleitos Kefalogiannis Georgakis [el] Tsochatzopoulos Skandalidis Tsochatzopoulos Skouris A. Papadopoulos [el] V. Papandreou Koumandos [el] V. Papandreou Skandalidis Alivizatos Pavlopoulos Flogaitis Pavlopoulos Flogaitis Ragousis Kastanidis Giannitsis [el] Manitakis Stylianidis Michelakis [el] Dinopoulos [el] Voutsis Manitakis Kouroumblis Skourletis Charitsis Roupakiotis Theodorikakos In italics are denoted the interior ministers of parallel or non-recognized governments

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Petros Garoufalias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petros_Garoufalias) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petros_Garoufalias?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.