# Peter Squire

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Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal (1945–2018)

For the Commandant of RAF College Cranwell, see [Peter J. M. Squires](/source/Peter_J._M._Squires).

Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Squire GCB DFC AFC DL FRAeS Born Peter Ted Squire (1945-10-07)7 October 1945 Felixstowe, England Died 19 February 2018(2018-02-19) (aged 72) Gidleigh, England Allegiance United Kingdom Branch Royal Air Force Service years 1966–2003 Rank Air chief marshal Commands Chief of the Air Staff (2000–03) Strike Command (1999–00) No. 1 Group (1993) RAF Cottesmore (1986–88) No. 1 (F) Squadron (1981–83) Conflicts Falklands War Operation Veritas Operation Telic Awards Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Distinguished Flying Cross Air Force Cross Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air

[Air Chief Marshal](/source/Air_Chief_Marshal) **Sir Peter Ted Squire**, [GCB](/source/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath), [DFC](/source/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)), [AFC](/source/Air_Force_Cross_(United_Kingdom)), [DL](/source/Deputy_Lieutenant), [FRAeS](/source/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Aeronautical_Society) (7 October 1945 – 19 February 2018) was a senior [Royal Air Force](/source/Royal_Air_Force) officer. He was a fast jet pilot in the 1970s, a squadron commander during the [Falklands War](/source/Falklands_War), and a senior air commander in the 1990s. Squire served as [Chief of the Air Staff](/source/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)) from 2000 to 2003. In retirement he was the chairman of the [board of trustees](/source/Board_of_trustees) of the [Imperial War Museum](/source/Imperial_War_Museum) and vice-chairman of the board of the [Commonwealth War Graves Commission](/source/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission).

## Early life

Peter Squire was born at [Felixstowe](/source/Felixstowe), [Suffolk](/source/Suffolk), on 7 October 1945, the son of Wing Commander Frank Squire, D.S.O., D.F.C., who was the son of a [Devon](/source/Devon) farmer, and Margaret Pascoe Squire (née Trump). He received his schooling at the independent [King's School, Bruton](/source/King's_School%2C_Bruton) in [Somerset](/source/Somerset), the fees of which were paid for by the British Government as he was the son of a serving military commissioned officer.[1]

## Military career

In 1961, at the age of sixteen Squire was awarded a scholarship to academically study at [RAF College Cranwell](/source/RAF_College_Cranwell), which he entered in 1963.[2] He received a commission into the Royal Air Force with the rank of [Pilot Officer](/source/Pilot_Officer) on 15 July 1966.[3] He was promoted to [flying officer](/source/Flying_officer) on 15 January 1967,[4] and sent to [No. 20 Squadron](/source/No._20_Squadron_RAF) based in [Singapore](/source/Singapore) to fly [Hunters](/source/Hawker_Hunter) in 1968.[1] He was promoted to [flight lieutenant](/source/Flight_lieutenant) on 15 January 1969,[5] and joined No. 4 Flying Training School in [Anglesey](/source/Anglesey) in 1970.[1]

In 1973 he commanded the R.A.F.'s display squadron "[The Red Arrows](/source/The_Red_Arrows)", and was awarded the [Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air](/source/Queen's_Commendation_for_Valuable_Service_in_the_Air) in the 1973 Birthday Honours,[6] and having been promoted to [squadron leader](/source/Squadron_leader) on 1 July 1973,[7] flew [Harriers](/source/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier) with [No. 3 Squadron](/source/No._3_Squadron_RAF) in [West Germany](/source/West_Germany) from 1975.[1] He was awarded the [Air Force Cross](/source/Air_Force_Cross_(United_Kingdom)) in the 1979 Birthday Honours.[8] Promoted to [wing commander](/source/Wing_commander) on 1 July 1980,[9]

### Falklands War

[Harrier](/source/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier), a type flown by Squire during the Falklands War

Squire was appointed commanding officer of [No. 1 (F) Squadron](/source/No._1_Squadron_RAF) at [RAF Wittering](/source/RAF_Wittering) in 1981, flying Harrier GR.3 aircraft.[1] In 1982, he led the squadron during the [Falklands War](/source/Falklands_War).[10] On 13 April 1982, the squadron deployed to [CFB Goose Bay](/source/CFB_Goose_Bay) in Canada for an exercise, completing a six-hour flight using [air-to-air refuelling](/source/Aerial_refuelling).[11]

The squadron departed from [RAF St Mawgan](/source/RAF_St_Mawgan) for [RAF Ascension Island](/source/RAF_Ascension_Island) on 3 May 1982, where it later embarked on the merchant vessel [SS *Atlantic Conveyor*](/source/SS_Atlantic_Conveyor).[12] After arrival in the [South Atlantic Ocean](/source/South_Atlantic_Ocean), the aircraft were transferred to [HMS *Hermes*](/source/HMS_Hermes_(R12)), a few days before the *Atlantic Conveyor* was struck by two [Exocet](/source/Exocet) missiles and sunk.[12]

No. 1 (F) Squadron became the first Royal Air Force unit to operate in a combat role from a British aircraft carrier since the [Second World War](/source/Second_World_War) and were assigned to the ground-attack role during the conflict.[13]

Squire flew 24 sorties against Argentine positions in support of operations and during one mission, a 7.62 mm round fired from the ground penetrated the cockpit of his Harrier.[12]

- On 8 June 1982, He experienced an engine failure in XZ989 while attempting an emergency landing at the [San Carlos](/source/San_Carlos%2C_Falkland_Islands) forward operating base, after sustaining battle damage around [Two Sisters](/source/Battle_of_Two_Sisters#No-Man's_Land), walking away uninjured[14]

- On 13 June 1982, he became the first R.A.F. pilot to drop a [laser-guided bomb](/source/Laser-guided_bomb) in combat, during the [Battle of Mount Tumbledown](/source/Battle_of_Mount_Tumbledown#Argentine_Retreat)[15] and was subsequently awarded the [Distinguished Flying Cross](/source/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom))[16]

Four of No. 1 (F) Squadron’s ten Harriers were lost during the campaign, three to enemy ground fire, and one (piloted by Squire) due to engine failure.[17]

Aircraft type & serial Pilot Date Location Cause / Weapon Harrier GR.3 XZ972 Flt‑Lt Jeff Glover 21 May 1982 Port Howard, West Falkland Shot down by Blowpipe SAM[18] Harrier GR.3 XZ988 Sqn Ldr Bob Iveson 27 May 1982 Near Goose Green Hit by 20mm cannon AA fire[19] Harrier GR.3 XZ963 Sqn Ldr Jerry Pook 30 May 1982 West of Port Stanley Damaged by small-arms fire, crashed (fuel exhaustion) [20] Harrier GR.3 XZ989 Wg Cdr Peter Squire 8 June 1982 Port San Carlos area Mechanical failure on landing [21]

After the war, while still stationed in the Falklands, Squire experienced another engine failure on 6 November 1982 during a routine patrol in Harrier GR.3, serial XW767.[22] He was forced to [eject](/source/Ejection_seat) at low altitude near [Cape Pembroke](/source/Cape_Pembroke) and was rescued uninjured from the sea by a Royal Navy helicopter.[13] Upon returning to the United Kingdom, he was appointed leader of the R.A.F.'s Command Briefing and Presentation Team, and later served as Personal Staff Officer to the Air Officer Commanding [RAF Strike Command](/source/RAF_Strike_Command) in 1984.[1] He was promoted to [group captain](/source/Group_captain) on 1 July 1985,[23] and the following year became Station Commander at [RAF Cottesmore](/source/RAF_Cottesmore).[1]

### Later career

He was appointed to the post of Director Air Offensive at the [Ministry of Defence](/source/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)) in 1989.[1] Following his promotion to [air commodore](/source/Air_commodore) on 1 January 1990,[24] he became senior air staff officer at H.Q. 'Strike Command' and Deputy Chief of Staff Operations (United Kingdom) Air Forces in 1991[1] and received further promotion to [air vice-marshal](/source/Air_vice-marshal) on 1 July 1991.[25] He was appointed [Air Officer Commanding](/source/Air_Officer_Commanding) [No. 1 Group](/source/No._1_Group_RAF) in February 1993, however, after only a few months he was replaced by Air Vice Marshal [John Day](/source/John_Day_(RAF_officer)).[26] He served as [Assistant Chief of the Air Staff](/source/Assistant_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff) from 1994 and, having been promoted to [air marshal](/source/Air_marshal) on 9 February 1996,[27] became [Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Programmes and Personnel)](/source/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff) in 1996.[1]

He was appointed [Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath](/source/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath) in the [1997 Birthday Honours](/source/1997_Birthday_Honours).[28] Appointed [Air Aide-de-Camp](/source/Air_Aide-de-Camp) to [The Queen](/source/Elizabeth_II) on 29 March 1999,[29] he was promoted to [air chief marshal](/source/Air_chief_marshal), and became [Commander-in-Chief](/source/Commander-in-Chief) [RAF Strike Command](/source/RAF_Strike_Command), and Commander Allied Air Forces Northwestern Europe on 30 March 1999.[30]

In 2000 he became [Chief of the Air Staff](/source/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)),[1] and was advanced to [Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath](/source/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath) in the [2001 New Year Honours](/source/2001_New_Year_Honours).[31] As Chief of the Air Staff he advised the British Government on the British air contribution to [Operation Veritas](/source/Operation_Veritas) in [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan) in 2001,[32] and then to [Operation Telic](/source/Operation_Telic) in [Iraq](/source/Iraq).[33] He retired on 5 December 2003.[34]

## Later life

In retirement Squire joined the [Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve](/source/Royal_Air_Force_Volunteer_Reserve).[35] He was chairman of the [board of trustees](/source/Board_of_trustees) of the [Imperial War Museum](/source/Imperial_War_Museum) from 2003 to 2011,[1] and vice-chairman of the board of the [Commonwealth War Graves Commission](/source/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission) from 2005 to 2008.[1] He was also a governor at [King's School, Bruton](/source/King's_School%2C_Bruton),[1] and the [deputy lieutenant](/source/Deputy_lieutenant) of [Devon](/source/Devon).[36] In 2004 he privately issued a narrative of the combat operations by No.1 (F) Squadron in the Falklands in 1982, entitled 'The Harrier Goes to War'.[37] In 2005 he recorded an extended interview detailing his military career with the Imperial War Museum's Sound Archive.[38]

He died of heart failure at the age of 72 on 19 February 2018 at his home, "Lower Park", at [Gidleigh](/source/Gidleigh) in [Devon](/source/Devon).[39] A funeral service was held at [Holy Trinity Church, Gidleigh](/source/Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Gidleigh) in early March 2018.[40] A memorial service was held for him at [St Clement Danes Church](/source/St_Clement_Danes_Church) in London on 1 June 2018,[41] the Queen being represented by [Lord Craig of Radley](/source/Lord_Craig_of_Radley).[42]

## Personal life

In 1970 he married Carolyn Joynson, the marriage producing three sons.[1] His main personal interest was golf.[1]

## Arms

Coat of arms of Peter Squire Notes Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath since 2001 Crest A four-winged bird Gules, armed, beaked, and langued Or. Torse Argent and Azure torse. Escutcheon Gyronny Azure and Murrey a Mullet of eight points gyronny Or and Argent voided fracted at the inner angles and the arms of each piece pointed the whole enclosing a Sun in Splendour Or a Bordure engrailed gobony of eight also Or and Argent. Supporters On either side a bull rampant regardant Gules armed, unguled and gorged Or with an astral crown of the last. Motto EXAMPLE THROUGH ENDEAVOUR[43] Orders Collar as grand cross Knight and the Order of the Bath circlet.[44]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-WW_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-WW_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-WW_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-WW_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-WW_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-WW_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-WW_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-WW_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-WW_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-WW_1-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-WW_1-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-WW_1-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-WW_1-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-WW_1-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-WW_1-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-WW_1-15) *[Who's Who](/source/Who's_Who_(UK)) 2010*, [A & C Black](/source/A_%26_C_Black), 2010, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4081-1414-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-1414-8)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Interview with Peter Squire about his life and career, Imperial War Museum's Sound Archive.

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-iwm_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-iwm_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-iwm_12-2) ["Wing Commander Peter Squire, No. 1 (F) Squadron, RAF"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110609175139/http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.20771). Imperial War Museum. Archived from [the original](http://www.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.20771) on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Briley_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Briley_13-1) Briley, Harold (November 2003). ["RAF's Falklands Role in War and Peace"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120517012921/http://falklands.info/history/hist82article14.html). Falklands Info. Archived from [the original](http://www.falklands.info/history/hist82article14.html) on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Report on the crash for Harrier GR3 XZ989"](https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=55553). Aviation Safety Network. 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/70000080](https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/70000080) 13.06.82 - Wg Cdr Peter Squire in XZ997/31 and Flt Lt Mark Hare in XZ133 attacked a company HQ on Mt Tumbledown, marked by a FAC

1. **[^](#cite_ref-dfc_16-0)** ["No. 49134"](https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/49134/supplement/12854). *[The London Gazette](/source/The_London_Gazette)* (Supplement). 8 October 1982. p. 12854.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-XZ988_19-0)** [Naval-History.net: Harrier GR.3 XZ988 shot down 27 May 1982](https://www.naval-history.net/F63-Falklands-British_aircraft_lost.htm)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-XZ963_20-0)** [Naval-History.net: Harrier GR.3 XZ963 crash 30 May 1982](https://www.naval-history.net/F63-Falklands-British_aircraft_lost.htm)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-XZ989_21-0)** [Naval-History.net: Harrier GR.3 XZ989 damaged on landing 8 June 1982](https://www.naval-history.net/F63-Falklands-British_aircraft_lost.htm)

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Iraq War: Commitment: Population can face the future with confidence, says Ingram"](http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Iraq+War%3A+COMMITMENT%3A+Population+can+face+the+future+with+confidence,...-a099691656). *The Birmingham Post*. 5 April 2003. Retrieved 27 May 2012.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** Squire, Peter (2004). ["The Harrier Goes to War"](http://www.radarmalvinas.com.ar/relatos/diario%20squire%20traba.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 8 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["Interview with Peter Squire"](https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80025717). Imperial War Museum Sound Archive. 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["Squire"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180223232300/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/221997/squire). Archived from [the original](http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/221997/squire) on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Obituary for Peter Squire"](http://themoorlander.co.uk/air-chief-marshal-sir-peter-squire/). The Moorlander. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** ["Memorial service for Sir Peter Squire"](http://www.1fsa.org/news.php?article=30). No. 1 Fighter Squadron Association. Retrieved 7 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Court Circular"](https://www.royal.uk/court-circular?text=&mrf=&date%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=19/06/2017&date%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=19/06/2018&id=&page=9). Buckingham Palace. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** [*The Heraldry Gazette*](https://web.archive.org/web/20120625142707/http://www.theheraldrysociety.com/home.htm), The Heraldry Society, December 2008, p. 7, archived from [the original](http://www.theheraldrysociety.com/home.htm) on 25 June 2012, retrieved 27 May 2012

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** [*Order of the Bath Insignia*](http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/Jpglossk.htm), Heraldsnet . Retrieved 28 December 2013

## External links

- [The air combat in the Falklands War](http://www.on-target-aviation.com/falklands25.html)

Military offices Preceded by P J Goddard Station Commander RAF Cottesmore 1986–1988 Succeeded by R D Elder Preceded by Richard Johns Air Officer Commanding No. 1 Group 1993 Succeeded by John Day Preceded by Anthony Bagnall Assistant Chief of the Air Staff 1994–1996 Succeeded by Timothy Jenner Preceded by Sir Thomas Boyd-Carpenter Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Programmes and Personnel) 1996–1999 Succeeded by Sir Malcolm Pledger Preceded by Sir John Allison Commander-in-Chief Strike Command 1999–2000 Succeeded by Sir Anthony Bagnall Preceded by Sir Richard Johns Chief of the Air Staff 2000–2003 Succeeded by Sir Jock Stirrup Honorary titles Preceded by Sir John Allison Air Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty The Queen 1999–2003 Succeeded by Sir Jock Stirrup Preceded by Sir Jock Slater Chairman Board of Trustees, Imperial War Museum 2006–2011 Succeeded by Sir Francis Richards

v t e Chiefs of the Air Staff Sir Hugh Trenchard Sir Frederick Sykes Sir Hugh Trenchard Sir John Salmond Sir Geoffrey Salmond Sir John Salmond Sir Edward Ellington Sir Cyril Newall Lord Portal Lord Tedder Sir John Slessor Sir William Dickson Sir Dermot Boyle Sir Thomas Pike Sir Charles Elworthy Sir John Grandy Sir Denis Spotswood Sir Andrew Humphrey Sir Neil Cameron Sir Michael Beetham Sir Keith Williamson Sir David Craig Sir Peter Harding Sir Michael Graydon Sir Richard Johns Sir Peter Squire Sir Jock Stirrup Sir Glenn Torpy Sir Stephen Dalton Sir Andrew Pulford Sir Stephen Hillier Sir Michael Wigston Sir Richard Knighton Harv Smyth

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Peter Squire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Squire) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Squire?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.
