# Peruvian Hairless Dog

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Peruvian breed of dog

Not to be confused with [Mexican Hairless Dog](/source/Mexican_Hairless_Dog).

Dog breed

Peruvian Inca Orchid Other names Perro Sin Pelo de Perú Peruvian viringo Inca Hairless Dog Peruvian Hairless Dog Origin Peru Kennel club standards Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard Dog (domestic dog)

The **Peruvian Hairless Dog** or **Perro Sin Pelo del Perú** is a Peruvian [breed](/source/List_of_dog_breeds) of [hairless dog](/source/Hairless_dog). It is the only living breed of dog indigenous to Peru.[1]

As in other hairless breeds, coated examples can also occur.[2] In hairless examples the skin may be any one of a wide variety of colors, with or without limited unpigmented areas, usually the legs, tail or chest; any hairs may be of any colour. In coated dogs, the coat may be of any colour but [merle](/source/Merle_(dog_coat)).[2]

Hairless dogs are associated with the [Andean civilizations](/source/Andean_civilizations). The modern breed is recognized as a part of the national [cultural heritage](/source/Cultural_heritage_of_Peru).[3][4]

## Naming

The dog has been known by many names, among them *Allqu* (in Inca times), [Quechua](/source/Quechua_language): *Kaclla*, [Spanish](/source/Spanish_language): *Perro calato*, *Perro chino* (which may derive from *china*, 'woman', rather than indicating a Chinese origin[5]), *Perro de Sechura*, *Perro Chimú*, *Perro orquídea*, *Viringo*[2] and *Vitilingo*.[1]

## History

[Huacos](/source/Andean_ceramics) of ancient Peruvian Hairless Dogs, [Brüning Museum](/source/Br%C3%BCning_Museum).

The Peruvian Hairless Dog is often perceived to be an Incan dog because it is known to have been kept during the [Inca Empire](/source/Inca_Empire) (the Spaniards classified them as one of the six different breeds of dogs in the empire), and they were also kept as pets in pre-Inca cultures from the Peruvian northern coastal zone. Ceramic hairless dogs from the [Chimú](/source/Chim%C3%BA), [Moche](/source/Moche_(culture)), and [Vicus](/source/Vicus_(Peru)) culture are well known. Depictions of Peruvian hairless dogs appear around A.D. 750 on [Moche](/source/Moche_(culture)) ceramic vessels and continue in later [Andean ceramic](/source/Andean_ceramic) traditions.[6][*[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources)*]

Peruvian Hairless Dogs are now a symbol of Peru and part of its national heritage, celebrated in art and literature.[4] The [Fédération Cynologique Internationale](/source/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale) (FCI) accepted the breed and adopted an official [breed standard](/source/Breed_standard).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Before that time, in the United States, some enthusiasts created another type of Peruvian hairless dog, the Peruvian Inca Orchid. The Peruvian Inca Orchid is recognized by the AKC and all recognized dogs are descendants of 13 dogs brought from Peru in the early 20th century.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## Characteristics

A perfect Peruvian Hairless Dog pedigree. Trujillo, Peru.

Face of a typical Peruvian Hairless Dog.

Female Peruvian Hairless Dog sitting.

According to the [FCI](/source/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale) [breed standard](/source/Breed_standard), the most important aspect of its appearance is its hairlessness. Hairless dogs are often used in research for testing of various conditions such as dermatitis and other immune-related conditions.[7] The dog may have short hair on top of its head, on its feet, and on the tip of its tail. In Peru, breeders tend to prefer completely hairless dogs. The color of skin can be chocolate-brown, elephant-grey, copper, or mottled. They can be totally one color or one color with tongue pink spots. [Albinism](/source/Albinism) is not accepted. The eye color is linked to the skin color. It is always brown, but dogs with light colors can have clearer eyes than darker-skinned dogs.[8]

Peruvian Hairless Dogs come in three sizes:[9]

- Small 25–40 cm (10–15.5 in)

- Medium 40–50 cm (15.5–19.5 in)

- Large 50–65 cm (19.5–25.5 in)

Weight is also varied according to size :

- Small 4 – 8 kg (9 – 18 lbs)

- Medium 8 – 12 kg (18 – 26 lbs)

- Large 12 – 25 kg (26 – 55 lbs)

The dogs should be slim and elegant, with the impression of force and harmony, without being coarse.[8] The ears should be candle-flame shaped and erect with the possibility to lay flat.[8] Proportions of height (at [withers](/source/Withers)) to length (withers to base of tail) are 1:1.[8]

Peruvian Hairless Dog, US.

The gene that causes hairlessness also results in the dogs often having fewer teeth than other breeds, mostly lacking [molars](/source/Teeth) and premolars.[10]

The hairlessness trait is an [incompletely dominant](/source/Dominance_(genetics)#Incomplete_dominance_(non-Mendelian)) [lethal mutation](/source/Lethal_allele), which means that hairlessness does not breed true. Embryos homozygous for the mutation do not develop in the womb. This results in an average birthrate of 2:1 of hairless to coated puppies.[11]

Posing.

## References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Peruvian Hairless Dog](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peruvian_Hairless_Dog).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pe_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pe_1-1) ["PERRO PERUANO SIN PELO (Canis familiaris)"](https://www.peruecologico.com.pe/fau_perrosinpelo_1.htm). *www.peruecologico.com.pe*. Retrieved 2020-05-14.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fci2_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fci2_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-fci2_2-2) ["FCI Breeds Nomenclature"](http://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/). *www.fci.be*. Retrieved 2020-05-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [""Designan representante del Ministerio ante el Comité Nacional de Protección del "perro sin pelo del Perú". Resolución ministerial n.º 076-2013-MC""](https://web.archive.org/web/20130615132817/http://www.mef.gob.pe/contenidos/servicios_web/conectamef/pdf/normas_legales_2012/NL20130313.pdf) (PDF). *Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas del Perú (Lima)*. Archived from [the original](https://www.mef.gob.pe/contenidos/servicios_web/conectamef/pdf/normas_legales_2012/NL20130313.pdf) (PDF) on 2013-06-15.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BBC_News_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BBC_News_4-1) ["Masters of the pyramid: The dogs reclaiming their heritage"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49471593). *BBC News*. 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2023-09-29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Cook, O. F. (April 1919). [Published: 01 April 1919 "DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS IN PERU Get"](https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a101913). *Journal of Heredity*. **10** (4): 176–181. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a101913](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.jhered.a101913). {{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: Check |url= value ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Berrin, Katherine & [Larco Museum](/source/Larco_Museum). The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York:Thames and Hudson, 1997.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Kimura, Ohshima (January 1993). "The inheritance and breeding results of hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs". *Laboratory Animals*. **27** (1): 55–58. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1258/002367793781082403](https://doi.org/10.1258%2F002367793781082403). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8437436](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8437436).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FCI_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FCI_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FCI_8-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FCI_8-3) ["Perro sin pelo du Peru"](https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/310g05-en.pdf) (PDF). *Federation Cynologique Internationale*. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Peruvian Inca Orchid - Dog Breed Information"](https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/peruvian-inca-orchid/). *American Kennel Club*. Retrieved 2023-09-29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Kupczik, Kornelius; Cagan, Alexander; Brauer, Silke; Fischer, Martin S. (2017-07-14). ["The dental phenotype of hairless dogs with FOXI3 haploinsufficiency"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511229). *Scientific Reports*. **7** (1): 5459. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017NatSR...7.5459K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...7.5459K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41598-017-05764-5](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-017-05764-5). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2045-2322](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5511229](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511229). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28710361](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28710361).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Parker, Heidi G.; Harris, Alexander; Dreger, Dayna L.; Davis, Brian W.; Ostrander, Elaine A. (2017-02-05). ["The bald and the beautiful: hairlessness in domestic dog breeds"](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2015.0488). *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences*. **372** (1713) 20150488. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1098/rstb.2015.0488](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2015.0488). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0962-8436](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0962-8436). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5182420](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5182420). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [27994129](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27994129).

v t e Dogs originating in Peru Extant Peruvian Inca Orchid Extinct Chiribaya Dog

v t e Primitive dogs Primitive hounds Podenco Andaluz Basenji Cirneco dell'Etna Cretan Hound Ibizan Hound Maneto Pampas Deerhound Pharaoh Hound Phu Quoc Ridgeback Podenco Canario Portuguese Podengo Thai Ridgeback Podenco Valenciano Landrace dogs Africanis Alopekis Canaan Dog Carolina Dog Husky Indian pariah dog Laika Lài dog Native American dogs New Guinea singing dog Philippine Forest Dog Sinhala Hound Spitz Taiwan Dog Telomian Tugou Wild dogs Dingo Hairless breeds African hairless dog Argentine Pila Chinese Crested Dog Peruvian Hairless Dog Xoloitzcuintle Extinct breeds Chiribaya Dog Hawaiian Poi Dog Kurī Marquesan Dog Polynesian Dog Tahitian Dog Tesem

Authority control databases: National Czech Republic

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Peruvian Hairless Dog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Hairless_Dog) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Hairless_Dog?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.