# Perlative case

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{{Short description|Grammatical case}}
In [grammar](/source/grammar), the '''perlative case''' ([abbreviated](/source/list_of_glossing_abbreviations) {{sc|'''per'''}}), also known as '''pergressive''',<ref name="a350">{{cite book | last=Blake | first=Barry | title=Australian Aboriginal Grammar | publisher=Routledge Library Editions: Li | date=2016-02-28 | isbn=978-1-138-96417-4 | page=}}</ref> is a [grammatical case](/source/grammatical_case) which expresses that something moved "through", "across", or "along" the referent of the [noun](/source/noun) that is marked.<ref>[http://wiki.linguistlist.org/ontowiki/GOLDRevisions/Perlative_Case Article "Perlative Case"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025201414/http://wiki.linguistlist.org/ontowiki/GOLDRevisions/Perlative_Case |date=2007-10-25 }} on the [http://linguistlist.org/ Linguist list] [http://wiki.linguistlist.org/ wiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916153629/http://wiki.linguistlist.org/ |date=2008-09-16 }}</ref> The case is found in a number of [Australian Aboriginal languages](/source/List_of_Australian_Aboriginal_languages) such as [Kuku-Yalanji](/source/Kuku-Yalanji_language),<ref>[Robert Malcolm Ward Dixon](/source/Robert_Malcolm_Ward_Dixon), ''Australian Languages: their nature and development'', page 532, [https://books.google.com/books?id=g1Q4jNdoEVoC&dq=%22perlative+case%22+noun&pg=PA532 Google books search] 2002, 776 pages</ref> [Kaurna](/source/Kaurna_language), [Kamu](/source/Kamu_language)<ref name="Harvey 1989">{{Citation|last=Harvey|first=Mark|year=1989|title=A Sketch Grammar of Kamu.|url=https://www.dalylanguages.org/files/Kamu%20Grammar.pdf|access-date=September 5, 2024}}</ref> and [Ngan'gi](/source/Ngan'gi_language),<ref name="i422">{{cite journal | last=Palmer | first=Bill | last2=Hoffmann | first2=Dorothea | last3=Blythe | first3=Joe | last4=Gaby | first4=Alice | last5=Pascoe | first5=Bill | last6=Ponsonnet | first6=Maïa | title=Frames of spatial reference in five Australian languages | journal=Spatial Cognition & Computation | volume=22 | issue=3-4 | date=2022-10-02 | issn=1387-5868 | doi=10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239}}</ref> as well as in [Aymara](/source/Aymara_language), [Inuktitut](/source/Inuktitut), and the extinct [Tocharian languages](/source/Tocharian_languages).

In some languages, like [Warluwara](/source/Warluwara_language), it marks the nouns that accompanies motion. For example, in a sentence meaning ''I'm going with this man'', the noun ''man'' would be in perlative. Other languages, like [Nunggubuyu](/source/Nunggubuyu_language), have the retrospective pergressive, which indicates the sense of ''back with'' or ''back among''.<ref name="a350"/>

In Kamu, the case is marked with the -ba suffix.<ref name="Harvey 1989"/>

==See also==
* [Prolative case](/source/Prolative_case)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{wti|perlative}}

{{Grammatical cases}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perlative Case}}
Category:Grammatical cases

{{ling-morph-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Perlative case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlative_case) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlative_case?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.