# Perisphinctes

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{{Short description|Extinct genus of ammonite}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range| Callovian|Tithonian 
|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Cephalopoda entry) | journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=363 |pages=1–560 | year=2002 | url=http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=231&rank=class |accessdate=2017-10-18 |url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225225905/http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=231&rank=class | archivedate=2016-02-25 }}</ref>}}
| image = Perisphinctes ammonite.jpg
| image_caption = Exhibit from the [Museum of Natural History](/source/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Naturkunde) in [Berlin](/source/Berlin)
| taxon = Perisphinctes
| authority = [Waagen](/source/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Waagen), 1869<ref name="Waagen, 1869" />
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ref = <ref name="fossilworks">{{cite web | title= Paleobiology Database - Perisphinctes |authorlink =| year = | url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=15382 | access-date = 17 December 2021 }}</ref>
| subdivision = * ''P. abadiensis''
* ''P. arussiorum''
<!---* ''P. boweni''--->
* ''P. birmensdorfensis''
* ''P. choffati''
<!---* ''P. durangensis''--->
* ''P. gallarum''
<!---* ''P. hetaerus''--->
* ''P. hillebrandti''
* ''P. jubailensis''
* ''P. parandieri''
* ''P. picteti''
* ''P. roubyanus''
* ''P. stenocyclus''
* ''P. variocostatus''
| type_species = ''Ammonites variocostatus''<ref name="Hemming, 1954" />
| type_species_authority = Buckland, 1836
}}

'''''Perisphinctes''''' is an extinct [genus](/source/genus) of [ammonite](/source/ammonite) cephalopod. They lived during the [Middle](/source/Middle_Jurassic) to [Late Jurassic](/source/Late_Jurassic) epochs and serve as an [index fossil](/source/index_fossil) for that time period.<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/fossils.html Index Fossils], [United States Geological Service](/source/United_States_Geological_Service), USA.</ref> The species ''P. boweni'' was named after the English chemist and geologist [E. J. Bowen](/source/E._J._Bowen) (1898–1980).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Edmund John Bowen 29 April 1898 – 19 November 1980 Elected F.R.S. 1935 | author=Bell, R. P. |authorlink=Ronnie Bell (chemist)| journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=November 1981 |volume=27 | pages=83–101 | doi=10.1098/rsbm.1981.0004|jstor = 769866|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Etymology==
The genus name Perisphinctes is derived from the [greek](/source/Greek_language) prefix peri- (περί), meaning "around," and sphinctes (from σφίγγω, sphingō, "to bind tightly"), referring to the tightly coiled ammonite shell.

==Distribution==
Cephalopods of species belonging to this genus have been found in the Jurassic of Antarctica, Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Yemen.<ref name="fossilworks"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px">
File:Perisphinctes (Prosososphinctes) virguloides (Waagen).jpg|''Perisphinctes virguloides''
File:Perisphinctes cf choffati.JPG|'' Perisphinctes choffati''
File:Perisphinctes plicatilis 2.jpg|''Perisphinctes plicatilis''
File:Perisphingtes de Talant.JPG|''Perisphingtes oxfordien''
</gallery>

==References==
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Hemming, 1954">{{cite journal|last1=Hemming|first1=Francis|author-link=Francis Hemming|title=Opinion 303: Designation, under the Plenary Powers, of type species in harmony with current usage for the nominal genera ''Kosmoceras'', ''Perisphinctes'' and ''Harpoceras'' (class Cephalopoda, order Ammonoidea) established by Waagen in 1869|journal=Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|date=1954|volume=8|issue=20|pages=273–284|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34654636}}</ref>
<ref name="Waagen, 1869">{{cite journal|last1=Waagen|first1=W.|title=Die Formenreihe des Ammonites subradatus|journal=Geognostisch-Paläontologischen Beiträgen|date=1869|volume=2|issue=2|page=248|url=https://archive.org/stream/geognostischpal00benegoog#page/n255/mode/1up|publisher=R. Oldenbourg|location=München|hdl=2027/nnc1.0030928605|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3899935}}

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Category:Ammonitida genera
Category:Perisphinctidae
Category:Late Jurassic ammonites
Category:Late Jurassic ammonites of Europe
Category:Ammonites of Africa
Category:Jurassic animals of Africa
Category:Ammonites of Asia
Category:Jurassic Asia
Category:Ammonites of South America
Category:Jurassic Argentina
Category:Jurassic Chile
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1869
Category:Callovian first appearances
Category:Late Jurassic extinctions

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Perisphinctes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perisphinctes) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perisphinctes?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.