# Peptaibol

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Peptaibol
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Peptaibol.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptaibol
> Source revision: 1292624601
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Family of transport proteins}}
{{Infobox protein family
| Symbol = N/A
| Name =
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| Pfam =
| Pfam_clan = 
| InterPro =
| SMART =
| PROSITE =
| MEROPS =
| SCOP =
| TCDB = 1.D.5
| OPM family = 44
| OPM protein = 1ob7
| CAZy =
| CDD =
}}

'''Peptaibols''' are biologically active [peptide](/source/peptide)s containing between seven and twenty [amino acid](/source/amino_acid) residues, some of which are [non-proteinogenic amino acid](/source/non-proteinogenic_amino_acid)s. In particular, they contain [α-aminoisobutyric acid](/source/%CE%B1-aminoisobutyric_acid) along with other unusual aminoacids such as ethylnorvaline, isovaline and [hydroxyproline](/source/hydroxyproline); the [N-terminus](/source/N-terminus) is acetylated, and the C-terminal amino acid is hydroxylated to an acid alcohol. They are named pebtaibols due to them being '''pept'''ides containing [α-aminoisobutyric acid](/source/%CE%B1-aminoisobutyric_acid) ('''Aib''') and ending in an alcoh'''ol'''.<ref name=chugh>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chugh JK, Wallace BA | title = Peptaibols: models for ion channels | journal = Biochemical Society Transactions | volume = 29 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 565–70 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11498029 | doi = 10.1042/bst0290565 | url = http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/bst/029/0565/bst0290565.htm  | url-access = subscription }}</ref> They are produced by certain fungi, mainly in the genus ''[Trichoderma](/source/Trichoderma)'', as [secondary metabolite](/source/secondary_metabolite)s which function as [antibiotic](/source/antibiotic)s and antifungal agents.<ref name=chugh/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stoppacher N, Reithner B, Omann M, Zeilinger S, Krska R, Schuhmacher R | title = Profiling of trichorzianines in culture samples of Trichoderma atroviride by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry | journal = Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry | volume = 21 | issue = 24 | pages = 3963–70 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18008385 | doi = 10.1002/rcm.3301 | bibcode = 2007RCMS...21.3963S }}</ref> Some are referred to as '''trichorzianines'''.<ref>{{cite journal|url= |title=Parallel Formation and Synergism of Hydrolytic Enzymes and Peptaibol Antibiotics, Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Antagonistic Action of Trichoderma harzianum against Phytopathogenic Fungi |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology| first1 = Marion | last1 = Schirmbock | first2 = Matlteo | last2 = Lorito | first3 = Yong-Li | last3 = Wang | first4 = Christopher K. | last4 = Hayes | first5 = Inci | last5 = Arisan-Atac | first6 = Felice | last6 = Scala | first7 = Gary E. | last7 = Harman | first8 = Christian P. | last8 = Kubicek | name-list-style = vanc |date=December 1994 |volume=60 |issue=12 |pages=4364–70 |doi=10.1128/AEM.60.12.4364-4370.1994 |pmid=7811076 |pmc=201994 |bibcode=1994ApEnM..60.4364S }}</ref> They are [amphipathic](/source/amphipathic) which allows them to form [voltage-dependent ion channel](/source/voltage-dependent_ion_channel)s in [cell membrane](/source/cell_membrane)s which create holes in the membrane making them leaky and leading to the death of the cells. As of 2001, over 317 peptaibols had been identified.<ref name=chugh/> The most widely known peptaibol is [alamethicin](/source/alamethicin).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/peptaibol Petaibol database]

Category:Antibiotics
Category:Trichoderma
Category:Antimicrobial peptides

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Peptaibol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptaibol) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptaibol?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.