# Peltula

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{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Peltula euploca 2952674.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Peltula euploca](/source/Peltula_euploca)''
| parent_authority = Büdel (1986)
| taxon = Peltula
| authority = [Nyl.](/source/Nyl.) (1853)
| type_species = ''[Peltula radicata](/source/Peltula_radicata)''
| type_species_authority = Nyl. (1853)
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/>
| synonyms = 
*''Neoheppia'' {{small|[Zahlbr.](/source/Zahlbr.) (1909)}}<ref name="Zahlbruckner 1909"/>
*''Corynecystis'' {{small|Brusse (1985)}}<ref name="Brusse 1985"/>
*''Phyllopeltula'' {{small|[Kalb](/source/Klaus_Kalb) (2001)}}<ref name="Kalb 2001"/>
}}

'''''Peltula''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of small dark brown to olive or dark grey [squamulose](/source/squamulose_lichen) [lichen](/source/lichen)s. These lichens typically grow on rocks in arid and semi-arid environments worldwide. They consist of a fungus living in [symbiosis](/source/symbiosis) with a [photosynthetic](/source/photosynthetic) partner, specifically a [cyanobacterium](/source/cyanobacterium) of the genus ''[Chroococcidiopsis](/source/Chroococcidiopsis)''. ''Peltula'' is the only genus in the family '''Peltulaceae''',<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> which belongs to the [Lichinomycetes](/source/Lichinomycetes), a [class](/source/class_(biology)) of fungi that form lichens. The genus includes about 50 recognised species, which have a variety of [growth forms](/source/lichen_growth_forms) ranging from flat and crust-like to more complex, leaf-like structures. ''Peltula'' lichens play important ecological roles in harsh environments, contributing to soil stability and [nutrient cycling](/source/nutrient_cycling).

To cope with their challenging habitats, ''Peltula'' species have evolved various adaptations. These include specialised protective layers and the ability to withstand both drought and flooding. The [thalli](/source/thalli) of ''Peltula'' lichens are typically small, with a stratified structure consisting of an upper {{lichengloss|epinecral layer}}, a {{lichengloss|photobiont layer}}, a [medulla](/source/medulla_(lichenology)), and usually a lower {{lichengloss|cortex}}. Peltulaceae generally lack [secondary metabolite](/source/secondary_metabolite)s, which distinguishes them from many other lichen families. The genus has a [cosmopolitan distribution](/source/cosmopolitan_distribution), with members found across various continents, occupying diverse {{lichengloss|substrates}} including rocks, soil, and occasionally tree bark. [Molecular phylogenetics](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) studies have significantly altered the classification of these lichens. Formerly separate genera are now incorporated into ''Peltula'', rendering Peltulaceae a [monogeneric](/source/monogeneric) family.

==Systematics==
===Historical taxonomy===
Genus ''Peltula'' was [circumscribed](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) by the Finnish lichenologist [William Nylander](/source/William_Nylander_(botanist)) in 1853. He assigned the desert soil lichen ''[Peltula radicata](/source/Peltula_radicata)'' as the [type](/source/type_species), and at that time, only species. In his original description of ''Peltula radicata'', Nylander characterised it as having a rust-brown, peltate thallus measuring at least 3&nbsp;mm wide, with an irregularly and sparsely grooved surface. He noted that the thallus had a centrally depressed, umbilicate attachment, fixed to the substrate by a few pale, long, and strong [rhizine](/source/rhizine)s. Nylander described the apothecia as disc-shaped and the same colour as the thallus, initially almost endocarpoid, but expanding significantly with age and featuring a depressed thalline margin. He observed that the [asci](/source/ascus) contained numerous spores, 8–48 or possibly more. The [type (biology)](/source/type_specimen) was found growing on sandy soil near [Biskra](/source/Biskra), Algeria, alongside ''[Lecanora endocarpa](/source/Lecanora_endocarpa)''. In establishing the new genus ''Peltula'', he distinguished it from other Lecanorine genera by its thallus being attached below with long, central rhizines.<ref name="Nylander 1853"/> In 1890, Vainio proposed that ''Peltula'' should be considered a [section](/source/section_(botany)) of the genus ''[Heppia](/source/Heppia)'' rather than an independent genus.<ref name="Vainio 1890"/>

For decades, the genus ''Peltula'' saw limited use. Many species now classified under ''Peltula'' were previously placed in ''[Heppia](/source/Heppia)''.<ref name="Yang et al. 2022b"/> [Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik](/source/Vilmos_K%C5%91farag%C3%B3-Gyelnik) added some species to ''Peltula'' in 1935.<ref name="Gyelnik 1935"/> The family was Peltulaceae proposed by the German lichenologist Burkhard Büdel in 1986.<ref name="Eriksson & Hawksworth 1986"/> He identified four types of growth morphologies in the family: leaf-like, squamulose, crustose and fruticose.<ref name="Büdel 1987b"/> The genera ''Phyllopeltula'' and ''Neoheppia'' were created as segregates of ''Peltula'' to contain species with differences in their cortex morphology and substratum. ''Neoheppia'' was introduced by [Alexander Zahlbruckner](/source/Alexander_Zahlbruckner) in 1909 for ''N.&nbsp;brasiliensis'', which had a crustose thallus attached to its substrate by all parts of its lower surface.<ref name="Zahlbruckner 1909"/> ''Phyllopeltula'' differed from the typical ''Peltula'' morphology with subfoliose-compound thalli.<ref name="Kalb 2001"/> These genera were included as part of the Peltulaceae.<ref name="Büdel 1995"/><ref name="Kalb 2001"/> 

===Phylogenetics===
{{cladogram|title=
|caption=[Cladogram](/source/Cladogram) showing the [phylogeny](/source/phylogeny) of some species in the family Peltulaceae, based on analysis by Kauff et al. in 2018.
|cladogram={{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%;
    |1={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |1={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |1={{clade
                              |1={{clade
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1={{clade
                                       |1={{clade
                                          |1={{clade
                                             |1={{clade
                                                |1=''[P. cylindrica](/source/Peltula_cylindrica)''
                                                |2=''[P. santessonii](/source/Peltula_santessonii)''
                                                }}
                                             |2=''[P. zahlbruckner](/source/Peltula_zahlbruckner)''
                                             }}
                                          |2=''[P. placodizans](/source/Peltula_placodizans)''
                                          }}
                                       |2={{clade
                                          |1=''[P. clavata](/source/Peltula_clavata)''
                                          |2=''[P. lingulata](/source/Peltula_lingulata)''
                                          }}
                                       }}
                                    |2={{clade
                                       |1=''[P. marginata](/source/Peltula_marginata)''
                                       |2=''[P. tortuosa](/source/Peltula_tortuosa)''
                                       }}
                                    }}
                                 |2={{clade
                                    |1={{clade
                                        |1=''[P. auriculata](/source/Peltula_auriculata)''
                                        |2=''[P. obscurans](/source/Peltula_obscurans)'' var. ''deserticola''
                                        }}
                                    |2={{clade
                                       |1=''[P. congregata](/source/Peltula_congregata)''
                                       |2=''[P. umbilicata](/source/Peltula_umbilicata)''
                                       }}
                                    }}
                                 }}
                              |2={{clade
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1={{clade
                                       |1={{clade
                                          |1= ''[P. coriacea](/source/Peltula_coriacea)''
                                          |2= ''[P. rodriguesii](/source/Peltula_rodriguesii)''
                                          }}
                                       |2={{clade
                                          |1=''[P. farinosa](/source/Peltula_farinosa)''
                                          |2=''[Neoheppia brasiliensis](/source/Neoheppia_brasiliensis)''
                                          }}
                                       }}
                                    |2={{clade
                                       |1=''[P. leptophylla](/source/Peltula_leptophylla)''
                                       |2=''[Phyllopeltula corticola](/source/Phyllopeltula_corticola)''
                                       }}
                                    }}
                                 |2=''[P. obscurans](/source/Peltula_obscurans)'' var. ''deserticola''
                                 }}
                              }}
                           |2=''[P. impressa](/source/Peltula_impressa)''
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1={{clade
                              |1=''[P. crispatula](/source/Peltula_crispatula)''
                              |2=''[P. obscurans](/source/Peltula_obscurans)'' var. ''hassei''
                              }}
                           |2=''[P. michoacanensis](/source/Peltula_michoacanensis)''
                           }}
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=''[P. imbricata](/source/Peltula_imbricata)''
                           |2=''[P. inversa](/source/Peltula_inversa)''
                           }}
                        |2=''[P. capensis](/source/Peltula_capensis)''
                        }}
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=''[P. boletiformis](/source/Peltula_boletiformis)''
                     |2=''[Neoheppia cataractae](/source/Neoheppia_cataractae)''
                     }}
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=''[P. euploca](/source/Peltula_euploca)''
                           |2=''[P. omphaliza](/source/Peltula_omphaliza)''
                           }}
                        |2=''[P. sonorensis](/source/Peltula_sonorensis)''
                        }}
                     |2=''[P. bolanderi](/source/Peltula_bolanderi)''
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=''[P. psammophila](/source/Peltula_psammophila)''
                           |2=''[P. radicata](/source/Peltula_radicata)''
                           }}
                        |2=''[P. patellata](/source/Peltula_patellata)''
                        }}
                     |2=''[P. richardsii](/source/Peltula_richardsii)''
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[P. africana](/source/Peltula_africana)''
               |2=''[P. obscuratula](/source/Peltula_obscuratula)''
               }}
            }}
         |2=''[Lichinella](/source/Lichinella)''
       }}
}}
}}

Egea (1989) and Büdel (1987) made early attempts to establish [phylogenetic](/source/phylogenetic) lineages within ''Peltula'' based on morphology.<ref name="Egea 1989"/><ref name="Büdel 1987a"/> Egea identified two major evolutionary lineages based primarily on substratum fixation, while Büdel described two groups of closely related species based on thallus morphology. However, these classification attempts remained controversial due to the morphological variability within the genus.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

Early [molecular phylogenetics](/source/molecular_phylogenetics) work (2001) showed that the family was [monophyletic](/source/monophyletic).<ref name="Schultz et al. 2001"/> More recent molecular studies have led to a significant revision of the family's taxonomy. A comprehensive study by Kauff and colleagues (2018) analysed six [genetic loci](/source/genetic_loci) from 37 of the 47 species classified within Peltulaceae at the time. The results of this analysis revealed that ''Phyllopeltula'' and ''Neoheppia'' are not monophyletic and are nested within the genus ''Peltula''. As a consequence of these findings, ''Phyllopeltula'' and ''Neoheppia'' have been subsumed into ''Peltula'', making Peltulaceae a monogeneric (single-genus) family. The family now includes about 50 recognised species, all within the genus ''Peltula''. The study also highlighted challenges in species delimitation within ''Peltula''. Traditional morphological characters, such as growth forms and thallus anatomy, which were previously used to delimit genera and species within the family, have been shown to be unreliable indicators of phylogenetic relationships. Significant differences in thallus shape and structure were seen within several species, further complicating classification efforts based on morphology alone.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

===Naming===
The genus name is derived from the [Latin](/source/Latin) {{lang|la|pelta}}, {{gloss|small shield}}, alluding to the shape of the squamules.<ref name="Büdel 2001"/> In North America, the [colloquial name](/source/common_name) "rock olives" refers to members of this genus, alluding to both their colour and typical substrate. Several North American species with common names include the [cylindrical](/source/Peltula_cylindrica), [powdery](/source/Peltula_euploca), [common](/source/Peltula_obscurans), [stuffed](/source/Peltula_patellata), and [giant rock-olive](/source/Peltula_richardsii)s.<ref name="Brodo et al. 2001"/>

==Description==
Peltulaceae members have a diverse range of thallus morphologies. Thalli are typically small, ranging from minute {{lichengloss|squamules}} to larger compound structures. Most species possess a stratified ({{lichengloss|heteromerous}}) thallus structure, consisting of an upper {{lichengloss|epinecral layer}}, a {{lichengloss|photobiont layer}}, a [medulla](/source/medulla_(lichenology)), and usually a distinct lower {{lichengloss|cortex}}. The epinecral layer, often yellowish to brown, provides protection and its development is influenced by light intensity. The medulla in many species contains air spaces of various sizes, while some taxa lack a lower cortex or medullary cavities.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>
[[File:Peltula patellata BaglSwinscowKrog1706213269.jpg|thumb|left|Closeup of a squamule of ''[Peltula patellata](/source/Peltula_patellata)'']]
The [growth forms](/source/lichen_growth_forms) of Peltulaceae can be categorised into six types based on morphology and anatomy. ''Peltate-umbilicate'' forms are often singular thalli, rarely compound, attached by an {{lichengloss|umbilicus}} or central strand of [hypha](/source/hypha)e. Squamulose-semifruticose forms are characterised by large medullary cavities. Squamulose-compound forms are rarely singular. Subfoliose, compound forms lack medullary cavities and a lower cortex. Crustose-{{lichengloss|areolate}} forms have no medullary cavities or lower cortex, but possess a deeply penetrating cyanobiont layer. Finally, a unique crustose form is found in ''P.&nbsp;inversa'', which exhibits an inverse thallus anatomy.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

Peltulaceae are exclusively associated with unicellular cyanobacterial photobionts, predominantly of the genus ''[Chroococcidiopsis](/source/Chroococcidiopsis)''. Apothecia are common in most species, with a few exceptions,<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/> and they are {{lichengloss|zeorine}} in form and typically {{lichengloss|immersed}} in the thallus.<ref name="Frey 2016"/> The family is characterised by uniform reproductive structures across all species, including polysporous asci with a distinctive gelatinous sheath, and {{lichengloss|simple}}, single-celled, colourless spores.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/> The ascospores range in shape from more or less spherical, to ellipsoidal, to {{lichengloss|bacilliform}}, and measure 3–12 by 2–6&nbsp;[μm](/source/%CE%BCm).<ref name="Büdel 2001"/> The asci are {{lichengloss|unitunicate}}-{{lichengloss|rostrate}}, which means have they a single-layered wall with a beak-like tip.<ref name="Frey 2016"/> [Pycnidia](/source/Pycnidia), [conidiophores](/source/conidiophores), and [pycnospore](/source/pycnospore)s are also consistent in structure throughout the family;<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/> the conidia are hyaline, oval to {{lichengloss|fusiform}} in shape, and have dimensions of 1.5–4.3 by 0.5–2.5&nbsp;μm. [Vegetative reproductive](/source/vegetative_reproduction) structures such as [soredia](/source/soredia) and [isidia](/source/isidia) occur in a small number of species.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

Unlike many other lichen families, Peltulaceae generally lack [secondary metabolite](/source/secondary_metabolite)s ([lichen product](/source/lichen_product)s). An exception is ''[Peltula langei](/source/Peltula_langei)'', which produces a yellow pigment similar to [myeloconon C](/source/myeloconon_C).<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/> The thallus structure of Peltulaceae species shows various adaptations to their predominantly arid and semi-arid habitats.<ref name="Büdel 1990"/> The epinecral layer shields the photobiont from intense sunlight, while different growth forms are associated with varying water availability. Some species, particularly those with squamulose to semifruticose thalli and large medullary cavities, are adapted to temporarily inundated habitats. These morphological and anatomical features allow members of the family to grow in a range of ecological niches from desert rocks to occasionally submerged surfaces.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

==Habitat, distribution, and ecology==
[[File:Peltula placodizans (10.3897-mycokeys.11.6670) Figure 8.jpg|thumb|right|''[Peltula placodizans](/source/Peltula_placodizans)'']]
Peltulaceae has a [cosmopolitan distribution](/source/cosmopolitan_distribution), with members found across various continents. These lichens are particularly well-adapted to arid and semi-arid environments. Despite their preference for dry habitats, some species have been documented in areas with more moderate climates, including locations as far north as Sweden and as easterly as the [Baikal](/source/Baikal) region of Siberia.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

Five species of ''Peltula'' are known to occur in India.<ref name="Upreti & Büdel 1990"/> About 20 species have been recorded in China,<ref name="Yang et al. 2022b"/> and 18 from North America north of Mexico.<ref name="Esslinger 2021"/> Fifteen species occur in Australia,<ref name="Büdel 2001"/> and eleven species were reported to occur in East Africa.<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1988"/>

Peltulaceae species occupy a diverse array of substrates. Many members of the family are [saxicolous](/source/saxicolous_lichen), growing on rock surfaces. These rock-dwelling species can be found on various geological formations, from exposed cliff faces to small stones. Some Peltulaceae have evolved to grow [on soil](/source/terricolous_lichen), while others, such as ''[Peltula corticola](/source/Peltula_corticola)'', have adapted to a [corticolous](/source/corticolous_lichen) lifestyle, growing on tree bark. In an example of [niche specialisation](/source/Ecological_niche), ''[P.&nbsp;inversa](/source/Peltula_inversa)'' exhibits a [hypolith](/source/hypolith)ic habit, growing on the underside of [quartz](/source/quartz) rocks.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

Several ''Peltula'' species show remarkable substrate tolerance. A 2024 study in northeastern Brazil found that ''[P.&nbsp;obscurans](/source/Peltula_obscurans)'', ''[P.&nbsp;euploca](/source/Peltula_euploca)'', and ''[P.&nbsp;impressa](/source/Peltula_impressa)'' were able to [colonise](/source/colonisation_(biology)) rocks with high levels of natural [gamma radiation](/source/gamma_radiation), while most other lichen genera were absent from these [uranium](/source/uranium)-rich substrates.<ref name="Buril et al. 2024"/> In India, [burnt clay tiles](/source/Structural_clay_tile), commonly used for roofing, support both ''[P.&nbsp;euploca](/source/Peltula_euploca)'' and ''[P.&nbsp;patellata](/source/Peltula_patellata)''. Under constant sun exposure for most of the day, the lichens develop a thickened upper cortex that both helps to retain moisture and acts as a [photoprotectant](/source/photoprotection).<ref name="Saxena et al. 2004"/>

The family's adaptability is further exemplified by the range of specific [microhabitat](/source/microhabitat)s they occupy. Some species prefer inclined rock surfaces, while others colonise flat rock expanses. Certain Peltulaceae species have developed the ability to withstand periodic [inundation](/source/inundation), allowing them to inhabit [seepage](/source/seepage) areas on rocks that are occasionally flooded.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

The morphological and anatomical features of Peltulaceae species often correspond to their specific environmental conditions. For instance, the development of the {{lichengloss|epinecral layer}}, which provides protection to the photobiont, is influenced by the intensity of light in the habitat. The various growth forms observed in the family, from peltate to crustose, are closely linked to water availability in their respective environments. Species that experience occasional submersion often possess large medullary cavities, an adaptation that likely aids in [gas exchange](/source/gas_exchange) and water relations during both dry and inundated periods. As primary producers in often-sparse environments, they contribute to soil stability, [nutrient cycling](/source/nutrient_cycling), and provide microhabitats for other organisms.<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>

==Species==
{{As of|2024|September}}, [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum) (in the [Catalogue of Life](/source/Catalogue_of_Life)) accepts 35 species in ''Peltula'',<ref name="CoL"/> although 66 unique species names have been proposed in the genus.
[[File:Peltula farinosa Bdel1693089817.jpg|thumb|''[Peltula farinosa](/source/Peltula_farinosa)'', collected in Brazil]]
[[File:BioBlitz 2011 in Saguaro National Park (2011-10-22 070710), — Peltula richardsii.jpg|thumb|right|''[Peltula richardsii](/source/Peltula_richardsii)'']]
[[File:Peltula zahlbruckneri 6160490.jpg|thumb|right|''[Peltula zahlbruckneri](/source/Peltula_zahlbruckneri)'']]
*''[Peltula africana](/source/Peltula_africana)'' {{small|(Jatta) Swinscow & Krog (1979)}}<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1979"/>
*''[Peltula anthracina](/source/Peltula_anthracina)'' {{small|Kitaura (2022)}}<ref name="Kitaura et al. 2022"/>
*''[Peltula auriculata](/source/Peltula_auriculata)'' {{small|Büdel, M.Schultz & A.Gröger (2000)}}<ref name="Schultz et al. 2000"/>
*''[Peltula bolanderi](/source/Peltula_bolanderi)'' {{small|(Tuck.) Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula boletiformis](/source/Peltula_boletiformis)'' {{small|(Hue) Henssen & Büdel (1987)}}<ref name="Büdel 1987a"/>
*''[Peltula brasiliensis](/source/Peltula_brasiliensis)'' {{small|(Zahlbr.) Büdel, Kauff & Bachran (2018)}}<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>
*''[Peltula capensis](/source/Peltula_capensis)'' {{small|(Brusse) Büdel (1987)}}<ref name="Büdel 1987a"/>
*''[Peltula cataractae](/source/Peltula_cataractae)'' {{small|(Büdel & Sérus.) Büdel, Kauff & Bachran (2018)}}<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>
*''[Peltula clavata](/source/Peltula_clavata)'' {{small|(Kremp.) Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula confusa](/source/Peltula_confusa)'' {{small|Q.X.Yang & X.L.Wei (2022)}}<ref name="Yang et al. 2022b"/> – China
*''[Peltula congregata](/source/Peltula_congregata)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Swinscow & Krog (1979)}}<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1979"/>
*''[Peltula coriacea](/source/Peltula_coriacea)'' {{small|Büdel, Henssen & Wessels (1986)}}<ref name="Büdel & Henssen 1986"/>
*''[Peltula corticola](/source/Peltula_corticola)'' {{small|Büdel & R.Sant. (1987)}}<ref name="Büdel 1987a"/>
*''[Peltula crispatula](/source/Peltula_crispatula)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Egea (1989)}}<ref name="Egea 1989"/>
*''[Peltula cylindrica](/source/Peltula_cylindrica)'' {{small|Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula daurica](/source/Peltula_daurica)'' {{small|T.V.Makryi (2017)}}<ref name="Makryi 2017"/>
*''[Peltula euploca](/source/Peltula_euploca)'' {{small|(Ach.) Poelt ex Pišút (1967)}}<ref name="Pišút 1967"/>
*''[Peltula farinosa](/source/Peltula_farinosa)'' {{small|Büdel (1994)}}<ref name="Büdel & Lange 1994"/>
*''[Peltula guepinii](/source/Peltula_guepinii)'' {{small|(Delise) Gyeln. (1935)}}<ref name="Gyelnik 1935"/>
*''[Peltula hassei](/source/Peltula_hassei)'' {{small|(Zahlbr.) Büdel, Kauff & Bachran (2018)}}<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>
*''[Peltula imbricata](/source/Peltula_imbricata)'' {{small|Filson (1988)}}<ref name="Filson 1988"/>
*''[Peltula impressa](/source/Peltula_impressa)'' {{small|(Vain.) Swinscow & Krog (1979)}}<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1979"/>
*''[Peltula impressula](/source/Peltula_impressula)'' {{small|(H.Magn.) N.S.Golubk. (1981)}}
*''[Peltula inversa](/source/Peltula_inversa)'' {{small|Büdel & M.Schultz (2003)}}<ref name="Büdel & Schultz 2003"/>
*''[Peltula japonica](/source/Peltula_japonica)'' {{small|(Asahina) Yoshim. (1974)}}<ref name="Yohimura 1974"/>
*''[Peltula koflerae](/source/Peltula_koflerae)'' {{small|Henssen & Büdel (1986)}}<ref name="Büdel & Henssen 1986"/>
*''[Peltula leptophylla](/source/Peltula_leptophylla)'' {{small|(Vain.) Büdel & M.Schultz (2018)}}<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>
*''[Peltula lingulata](/source/Peltula_lingulata)'' {{small|(Vain.) Swinscow & Krog (1979)}}<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1979"/>
*''[Peltula lobata](/source/Peltula_lobata)'' {{small|J.Marques, M.Schultz & Paz-Berm. (2013)}}<ref name="Marques et al. 2013"/> – Europe
*''[Peltula lobulata](/source/Peltula_lobulata)'' {{small|Q.X.Yang & X.L.Wei (2022)}}<ref name="Yang et al. 2022"/> – China
*''[Peltula marginata](/source/Peltula_marginata)'' {{small|Büdel (1987)}}<ref name="Büdel 1987a"/>
*''[Peltula obscurans](/source/Peltula_obscurans)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Gyeln. (1935)}}<ref name="Gyelnik 1935"/>
*''[Peltula obscuratula](/source/Peltula_obscuratula)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Poelt ex Egea (1989)}}<ref name="Egea 1989"/>
*''[Peltula omphaliza](/source/Peltula_omphaliza)'' {{small|(Nyl. ex Eckfeldt) Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula patellata](/source/Peltula_patellata)'' {{small|(Bagl.) Swinscow & Krog (1979)}}<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1979"/>
*''[Peltula placodizans](/source/Peltula_placodizans)'' {{small|(Zahlbr.) Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula polycarpa](/source/Peltula_polycarpa)'' {{small|Q.X.Yang & X.L.Wei (2022)}}<ref name="Yang et al. 2022"/> – China
*''[Peltula polyphylla](/source/Peltula_polyphylla)'' {{small|Q.X.Yang & X.L.Wei (2022)}}<ref name="Yang et al. 2022"/> – China
*''[Peltula psammophila](/source/Peltula_psammophila)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Egea (1989)}}<ref name="Egea 1989"/>
*''[Peltula pseudoboletiformis](/source/Peltula_pseudoboletiformis)'' {{small|Q.X.Yang & X.L.Wei (2022)}}<ref name="Yang et al. 2022"/> – China
*''[Peltula radicata](/source/Peltula_radicata)'' {{small|Nyl. (1853)}}<ref name="Nylander 1853"/>
*''[Peltula richardsii](/source/Peltula_richardsii)'' {{small|(Herre) Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula rodriguesii](/source/Peltula_rodriguesii)'' {{small|(Cromb.) Büdel (1989)}}<ref name="Büdel 1989"/>
*''[Peltula ruinicola](/source/Peltula_ruinicola)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Gyeln. (1935)}}<ref name="Gyelnik 1935"/>
*''[Peltula santessonii](/source/Peltula_santessonii)'' {{small|Swinscow & Krog (1979)}}<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1979"/>
*''[Peltula sonorensis](/source/Peltula_sonorensis)'' {{small|Büdel & T.H.Nash (1993)}}<ref name="Büdel & Nash 1993"/>
*''[Peltula steppae](/source/Peltula_steppae)'' {{small|(Kalb) Büdel, Kauff & Bachran (2018)}}<ref name="Kauff et al. 2018"/>
*''[Peltula submarginata](/source/Peltula_submarginata)'' {{small|Q.X.Yang & X.L.Wei (2022)}}<ref name="Yang et al. 2022"/> – China
*''[Peltula subpatellata](/source/Peltula_subpatellata)'' {{small|Q.X.Yang & X.L.Wei (2022)}}<ref name="Yang et al. 2022b"/> – China
*''[Peltula tenebrata](/source/Peltula_tenebrata)'' {{small|(Nyl.) Gyeln. (1935)}}<ref name="Gyelnik 1935"/>
*''[Peltula tenuis](/source/Peltula_tenuis)'' {{small|Büdel & Henssen (1987)}}<ref name="Büdel 1987a"/>
*''[Peltula tortuosa](/source/Peltula_tortuosa)'' {{small|(Nees) Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula umbilicata](/source/Peltula_umbilicata)'' {{small|(Vain.) Swinscow & Krog (1979)}}<ref name="Swinscow & Krog 1979"/>
*''[Peltula zahlbruckneri](/source/Peltula_zahlbruckneri)'' {{small|(Hasse) Wetmore (1971)}}<ref name="Wetmore 1971"/>
*''[Peltula zabolotnoji](/source/Peltula_zabolotnoji)'' {{small|(Elenkin) N.S.Golubk. (1981)}}<ref name="Golubkova 1981"/>
''Peltula langei'' {{au|Büdel & Elix (1997)}}, a Western Australian species described as new in 1997,<ref name="Büdel & Elix 1997"/> was not [validly published](/source/validly_published_name).<ref name="IF: Peltula langei"/> The original binomial for ''Peltula oleifera'' {{small|(H.Magn.) J.C.Wei (1991)}} (''Heppia oleifera'' H.Magn.) had already been reduced to synonymy with '' Peltula impressula'' in 1981,<ref name="Marton & Galun 1981"/> a decade before Wei erroneously proposed a transfer to ''Peltula''.<ref name="Wei 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

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}}

{{Taxonbar |from1=Q7161784 |from2=Q7161785 |from3=Q6992969 |from4=Q107289586 |from5=Q7189337}}

Category:Lichinomycetes
Category:Lichinomycetes genera
Category:Lichen genera
Category:Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist)
Category:Taxa described in 1853

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Peltula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltula) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltula?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.