# Paul de Thermes

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French army officer (1482–1562)

Maréchal de Thermes, after [François Clouet](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet), 1554.

**Paul de La Barthe de Thermes** or **de Termes** (1482–1562), also **Paul de Terme** or **Maréchal de Thermes**, was a French army [Marshal](/source/Marshal) ("Maréchal").

## Reign of Henri II

### Rough Wooing

In June 1549, de Thermes was sent to [Scotland](/source/Scotland) to help in the war against [England](/source/England) now called the [Rough Wooing](/source/Rough_Wooing). He was instructed to continue the fortification of border strongholds, and came with massive reinforcements, munitions and money.[1]

De Thermes began the construction of an artillery fort at [Luffness](/source/Luffness_Castle) near [Aberlady](/source/Aberlady) to prevent English supplies reaching [Haddington](/source/Haddington%2C_East_Lothian).[2] The Scottish leader [Regent Arran](/source/Regent_Arran) came to stay at [Carberry Tower](/source/Carberry_Tower) and [Seton Palace](/source/Seton_Palace) to see the works commence. De Thermes was helped at the site by a Scottish pursuivant Alexander Ross. [Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis](/source/Gilbert_Kennedy%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Cassilis) was lieutenant of the Scottish force there. There was a scare that English soldiers would over-run the building site on 23 June. Men were summoned from as far away as [Perth](/source/Perth%2C_Scotland) and [Strathearn](/source/Strathearn). On 25 June the lairds of East and West Lothian were asked to provide workmen for the fort.[3] On 4 July another proclamation responded to a scare that English forces had entered Scotland to supply Haddington and destroy the new fort.[4] In July it was said that Arran had threatened the Laird of [Beele](/source/Biel%2C_East_Lothian) near [Dunbar](/source/Dunbar) to make him send his villagers to work on the fort.[5] In August, four cannons were brought from Inveresk to Luffness.[6]

An English officer, [Thomas Holcroft](/source/Thomas_Holcroft_(politician)), wrote to [Lord Protector Somerset](/source/Lord_Protector_Somerset) that they should burn the town of [Peebles](/source/Peebles) to welcome de Termes. Holcroft reported that de Termes had visited [Stirling Castle](/source/Stirling_Castle) to advise on its defences. He was camped at [Longniddry](/source/Longniddry) and Aberlady, and had also visited [Dunbar Castle](/source/Dunbar_Castle). While he was at Dunbar, his escort skirmished with English cavalry, and the Laird of [Scoughall](/source/Auldhame_%26_Scoughall) was shot. De Termes planned to have troops at Elveston and [Ormiston](/source/Ormiston) near the [English-garrisoned town of Haddington](/source/Siege_of_Haddington), at Dunbar, [Luffness](/source/Luffness), and [Musselburgh](/source/Musselburgh).[7]

Subsequently, the English abandoned their occupation of Haddington and de Thermes and Regent Arran walked in. [Mary of Guise](/source/Mary_of_Guise) was triumphant, writing that, "the English had left nothing behind but the plague."[8] De Thermes led the successful assault on the English fort at [Broughty Castle](/source/Broughty_Castle) on Wednesday 6 February 1550. Following a recommendation by Mary of Guise on 30 September 1549,[9] he was made a knight of the [Order of St Michael](/source/Order_of_St_Michael) for his service in Scotland.

### Italian wars

He led the French effort in the [Invasion of Corsica](/source/Invasion_of_Corsica_(1553)) in 1553. The [Ottoman fleet](/source/Ottoman_Navy) supported the French by ferrying the French troops under Marshal de Thermes from [Sienese](/source/Republic_of_Siena) [Maremma](/source/Maremma) to Corsica.[10] The Ottoman fleet of [Dragut](/source/Dragut) was at that time party to a [Franco-Ottoman alliance](/source/Franco-Ottoman_alliance).[10]

Paul de Thermes, appointed Captain of Calais,[11] lost the [Battle of Gravelines](/source/Battle_of_Gravelines_(1558)) in 1558.[12]

## Reign of Charles IX

He died in Paris on 6 May 1562.

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Marcus Merriman](/source/Marcus_Merriman), *The Rough Wooings* (Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), p. 341.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Cody, E. G., ed., *The Historie of Scotland by [Jhone Leslie](/source/John_Lesley)*, vol. 2 (Blackwood: Edinburgh, 1895), p. 329.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [James Balfour Paul](/source/James_Balfour_Paul), *Accounts of the Treasurer, 1546–1551*, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 319, 320–321: The movements of Regent Arran can be tracked in his household book, [National Records of Scotland](/source/National_Records_of_Scotland), E32/10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** James Balfour Paul, *Accounts of the Treasurer, 1546–1551*, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 325, 332.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** *HMC Rutland*, vol. 1 (London, 1911), p. 41.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** James Balfour Paul, *Accounts of the Treasurer, 1546–1551*, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 340.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Joseph Stevenson, *Selections from unpublished manuscripts in the College of Arms and the British Museum illustrating the reign of Mary Queen of Scotland* (Glasgow, 1837), pp. 37, 41.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Marcus, Merriman,*The Rough Wooings* (Tuckwell, 2002), pp. 337–339, 344–345, "ny ont laisse que la peste derriere eulx".

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Michaud & Poujoulat, *Nouvelle Collection pour servir a l'Histoire de France*, vol 6 (1839), 12](https://books.google.com/books?id=dtxAAAAAcAAJ)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Braudel_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Braudel_10-1) *The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II*, Fernand Braudel, pp. 928*ff*.[\[1\]](https://books.google.com/books?id=LPp63EKb9moC&pg=PA928)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Richard Grafton, *Chronicle At Large*, 2 (London, 1809), p. 562.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Richard Grafton, *Chronicle At Large*, 2 (London, 1809), p. 564.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Paul de Thermes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_de_Thermes) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_de_Thermes?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.